The first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in India

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and vasculopathy. We report the first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in India in a young diabetic with renal failure. The dual transplant has cured his diabetes and renal failure and has had a beneficial effect on his neuropathy, retinopathy and quality of life. Obstacles to dual transplant in India include a lack of suitable recipients and a cadaver donor programme that is still in its infancy.     

Loss of pulsatile luteinising hormone secretion in men with chronic renal failure

In an attempt to determine the nature of hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction in renal failure the secretory patterns of luteinising hormone were measured in men with end stage renal disease and compared with those in healthy controls and renal transplant recipients of similar age distribution. Mean luteinising hormone and oestradiol concentrations were significantly higher and the number of luteinising hormone secretory pulses was significantly lower in uraemic men compared with controls. Plasma testosterone and oestradiol concentrations were significantly lower in renal transplant recipients than normal men, but there were no significant differences in mean gonadotropin concentrations or the number of pulses of luteinising hormone between the two groups. As pulses of luteinising hormone are thought to reflect episodic gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus these data suggest that uraemia interferes with central mechanisms controlling synchronised release of gonadotropin releasing hormone. This defect appears to be reversible after successful transplantation.     

糖尿病终末期肾病肾移植的临床研究

目的探讨糖尿病人行肾移植术的临床处理特点.方法回顾性分析了80例糖尿病尿毒症的肾移植术.结果术后移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)发生率为17.5%,显著高于非糖尿病受者,DGF发生原因主要是外周血管硬化和心血管并发症,后者是术后的主要并发症,包括猝死2例、急性心肌梗死1例、急性左心衰2例和室性心率失常2例.结论糖尿病尿毒症病人行肾移植术的主要困难在于潜在的外周动脉硬化和冠状动脉病变,术前应做好冠心病的筛查和外周动脉硬化病变的评估,术后应常规行抗凝治疗.     

135例肾移植受者移植物丢失的原因分析

目的 探讨肾移植术后受者移植肾丢失的原因。方法 回顾性分析 2002年1月1日~2022 年1月1日在中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心肾移植术后移植物发生丢失的135例受者临床资料。结果 受者移植肾丢失135例,移植肾丢失原因包括排斥反应70例（51.8%）、受者带功能死亡37例（27.4%）、外科并发症12例（8.9%）、药物毒性4例（3.0%）、耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌感染4例（3.0%）、多瘤病毒相关性肾病3例（2.2%）、原发性无功能肾2例（1.5%）、原发病复发2例（1.5%）、肾前性急性肾衰1例（0.7%）。结论 肾移植术后受者移植物丢失原因主要原因是排斥反应,次要原因是受者带功能死亡,其他原因少见。     

免疫抑制剂在常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾患者肾移植术后的应用

目的 探究常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾（ADPKD）患者肾移植术后免疫抑制剂合理血药浓度。方法 收集2000年3月~2018年1月首次肾移植的68例ADPKD患者和68名性别、年龄和移植日期相匹配的其他肾移植受者(对照组）的临床资料,分析两组患者人、肾存活率、术后并发症以及术后1年内不同时期免疫抑制剂浓度的差异。同时根据术后是否发生泌尿道感染将ADPKD患者分为泌尿道感染组与非泌尿道感染组,分析两组患者术后1年内不同时期免疫抑制剂浓度的差异。结果 ADPKD组与对照组患者1、5、10年移植受者存活率分别为96.6%、94.1%、90.6%和96.0%、93.9%、93.9%;ADPKD组与对照组患者肾存活率分别为95.2%、90.8%、79.0%和96.0%、87.2%、82.3%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在术后急性排斥反应、胃肠道症状、心血管事件、肺部感染以及肿瘤的发生率上的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后9月,ADPKD组比对照组的他克莫司、霉酚酸血药谷浓度更低（P<0.05）;ADPKD组比对照组更容易发生泌尿道感染,且在ADPKD中泌尿道感染组较非泌尿道感染组的霉酚酸血药谷浓度要高（P<0.05）。结论 ADPKD患者移植术后长期维持需要的免疫抑制浓度可能要低于其他肾移植患者,且较高剂量的霉酚酸血药谷浓度与泌尿道感染的发生相关。     

Peliosis hepatis in a renal transplant recipient and in a haemodialysis patient

Peliosis hepatis is described in a renal transplant recipient and in a patient who was receiving long-term haemodialysis. This uncommon liver lesion has been reported in a number of patients, including 18 renal transplant recipients and two patients with chronic renal failure. However, its cause, clinical features, natural history and clinical significance remain to be determined. We emphasize that, although it is rare, peliosis hepatis should be considered in long-term haemodialysis and renal transplant patients who exhibit hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly and/or disordered liver function (in particular, elevation of hepatic alkaline phosphatase levels).     

Psychiatric morbidity in long-term renal transplant recipients and patients undergoing hemodialysis. A comparative study

This study assessed and compared psychiatric morbidity in long-term (five years or longer) renal transplant recipients and patients undergoing hemodialysis. Fifty-seven of 98 transplant recipients and 44 of 89 patients undergoing dialysis returned questionnaires designed to collect demographic information and to detect psychiatric morbidity. The two groups differed significantly only in that the patients undergoing dialysis were both older and medically sicker than the transplant recipients. Forty-six percent of the transplant group and 48% of the dialysis group could be identified as psychiatrically impaired either by their scores on the General Health Questionnaire or by a history of prior psychiatric treatment. The finding of nearly equivalent psychiatric morbidity in these two groups does not support the often-held notions about psychological advantages of transplantation over dialysis. We conclude that psychiatric morbidity in patients with chronic renal failure is high and appears not to be related to the choice of treatment.     

Chronic renal insufficiency in pregnancy

This article attempts to assess the nature, severity and management of the risks associated with pregnancy in chronic renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease, including dialysis and transplant recipients. Women with serum creatinine levels of >125 mmol/l are at an increased risk for deterioration in renal function, hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia and obstetric complications. Rigid control of hypertension is crucial for a successful pregnancy outcome. A range of antihypertensive drugs are available with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors being contraindicated. Women on dialysis have low fertility rates that return to normal following renal transplantation. Immunosuppresive drugs are not associated with increased congenital anomalies. Transplant recipients are at an increased risk for infections that may have implications for the fetus. All groups have an increased risk for prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. The percentage of pregnancies resulting in surviving infants in women with renal insufficiency and transplant recipients ranges from 80-100%. For women who conceive after dialysis, the likelihood of a surviving infant is approximately 50%.     

Rhabdomyolysis and renal injury with lovastatin use. Report of two cases in cardiac transplant recipients

Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, occurs in cardiac transplant recipients both as a preexisting condition and as a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy. Lovastatin (Mevacor) has emerged as an agent that may effectively manage this condition. Few serious side effects of this drug have been observed. We describe two cardiac transplant recipients treated with lovastatin in conjunction with their other medications, including cyclosporine, who developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. Resolution of muscle damage followed discontinuation of cyclosporine and lovastatin therapy. We postulate that hepatic dysfunction secondary to cyclosporine predisposed these patients to lovastatin-induced muscle damage. Use of this drug in cardiac and other organ transplant recipients should be accompanied by close surveillance of creatine kinase, hepatic transaminases, and cyclosporine levels.     

肾移植术后并发原发性肺癌的单中心研究

目的 回顾性分析肾移植术后原发性肺癌的临床特点及预后.方法 自1988年1月~2015年4月期间,2793例患者在我院接受肾移植手术.14例(0.5%)患者随后发展为肺癌,其中10例(71.4%)接受了手术治疗.结果 肾移植时患者的平均年龄为50.2±8.3岁.14例肺癌患者中,10例(71.4%)有吸烟史.9例(64.3%)为偶然发现,而有症状者仅为5例.从移植手术到肺癌诊断的平均时间间隔为65.7±20.1个月.统计结果显示,不同肿瘤分期病人的生存率具有统计学差异(P=0.001).随访期间有11例死于肿瘤转移或器官衰竭,3例存活.肺癌诊断后的总体5年生存率为17.9%.结论 肾移植术后原发性肺癌的危险性可能高于一般人群.肾移植术后常规胸部检查可早期发现原发性肺癌,对于及早施行手术、改善预后很有必要.     

肾移植受者疾病不确定感现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解肾移植受者疾病不确定感水平并分析其影响因素,为降低肾移植受者疾病不确定感提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年8～9月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院（安徽省立医院）肾移植随访门诊就诊的208例肾移植受者为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、中文版疾病不确定感量表、心理弹性量表、医学应对方式问卷对其进行调查,并采用多元逐步回归分析研究对象疾病不确定感的影响因素。结果 肾移植受者的疾病不确定感总分为（64.18±13.86）分,条目均分为（2.57±0.55）分,中高度疾病不确定者141例（67.79%）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,家庭人均月收入高、住院期间照顾者是配偶、心理弹性水平高是患者疾病不确定感的保护因素（P<0.05）,移植后出现并发症、采取屈服应对方式是患者疾病不确定感的危险因素（P<0.05）。以上变量共解释总变异的57.3%。结论 肾移植受者疾病不确定感处于中等水平,应针对其影响因素,采取个体化应对措施,以降低疾病不确定感水平。     

大剂量ARB对肾移植后蛋白尿治疗作用的临床研究

目的观察大剂量ARB对肾移植后蛋白尿的疗效及安全性。方法83例肾移植后蛋白尿患者,分为治疗组50例(采用2~4倍剂量ARB治疗)和对照组33例(不使用ARB治疗),观察不同治疗时间两组患者24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、血生化、血压、远期人/肾生存率及药物不良反应。结果治疗组24h尿蛋白排出显著低于对照组;治疗组血肌酐倍增时间、进展到移植肾功能衰竭或死亡的时间显著高于对照组〔(34.42±12.56)个月与(17.51±10.26)个月,(38.12±22.51)个月与(24.25±13.56)个月〕;治疗组出现2例血钾升高,4例低血压。结论大剂量ARB可有效控制肾移植后蛋白尿,提高移植患者人/肾远期存活率,使用安全有效。     

Treatment of HCV in patients with renal failure

There continues to be a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on maintenance hemodialysis, despite screening of blood products and precautions to prevent the transmission of viral hepatitis within dialysis units. In addition, an increased rate of mortality from liver disease has been observed in infected patients on long-term dialysis, despite the frequent absence of biochemical dysfunction. Hepatitis C-infected renal transplant recipients have diminished patient and graft survivals compared to uninfected controls. Treatment with interferon in renal transplant candidates has resulted in sustained viral responses that have been long lasting even after subsequent renal transplant. A major concern limiting the use of interferon following renal transplant is graft dysfunction due to rejection. Ribavirin's induction of hemolytic anemia is the major reason why it is avoided in patients with CKD. Cautious use of reduced-dose ribavirin in small studies has been promising in these patients with close monitoring of hematocrit and additional measures to enhance compensatory erythropoiesis.     

“互联网+”程序化随访方案在肾移植受者中的管理研究

  目的  探讨将“互联网+”与程序化随访方案以手机APP微信端为载体进行深度融合,对肾移植受者实施专业化、规范化、持久化、个性化及程序化的随访管理所取得的临床效果。  方法  选取温州医科大学附属第一医院移植中心行首次肾移植成功的79例肾移植受者为研究对象,按入院时间先后顺序,将2019年1—12月采用常规随访方式管理的40例肾移植受者作为常规组;将2020年1—12月实施“互联网+”程序化随访方案管理的39例肾移植受者作为干预组。对2组肾移植受者干预前后自我管理能力及生活质量评分进行对比分析。  结果  干预后干预组肾移植受者饮食管理、躯体活动管理、治疗管理及社会心理管理4个维度自我管理能力总评分[(106.58±17.73)分]与常规组[(83.77±14.70)分]比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.232,P＜0.001);干预后干预组肾移植受者生理功能、心理职能、社会功能、疾病治疗等生活质量总评分[(150.77±14.50)分]与常规组[(130.26±12.72)分]比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.688,P＜0.001)。  结论  将“互联网+”与程序化随访方案以手机APP微信端为载体进行深度融合,对肾移植受者实施专业化、规范化、持久化、个性化及程序化的随访管理,能够有效提升肾移植受者的自我管理能力及生活质量。      

肾移植术后BK病毒感染研究进展

BK病毒是一种隶属于多瘤病毒种属的DNA病毒,在正常人群中的感染率高达90%。然而,仅在免疫功能受损的个体中引发相关疾病,以接受移植术后服用免疫抑制药物的患者最为显著。BK病毒的持续复制被认为是导致肾移植受者移植肾功能受损的重要因素,而由其引发的BK病毒性肾病(BKVN)则已成为肾移植失败的重要原因之一。应用尿细胞学染色和检测尿液或血液中BK病毒DNA载量等方法可对BK病毒感染和BKVN进行监测并早期诊断,增加了早期治疗的成功率。然而,由于缺乏特异性的抗病毒药物,BKVN的治疗仍然非常困难。该文针对肾移植术后BK病毒感染的流行病学、发病机制、实验室检测方法以及治疗策略的研究予以综述。     

免疫抑制剂对肾脏移植长期存活的影响--现状及新策略

新型免疫抑制剂和抗体诱导技术的应用,使肾移植后近期急性排斥显著减少,但长期效果仍不理想,免疫抑制剂(IS)对移植肾及其他器官的毒副反应已成为慢性移植肾功能衰竭的重要原因。新的策略是:无肾毒性IS替代,对IS药代动力、基因多态、药物毒理及移植受者免疫状态动态监测、识别与评价;以及运用系统生物学方法揭示器官移植免疫的复杂生物学问题,实行IS个体化应用,促进移植受者及肾脏的长期存活。     

肾移植术后感染新型冠状病毒1例

The novel coronavirus is a newly discovered pathogen in late December 2019, and its source is currently unknown, which can lead to asymptomatic infection, new coronavirus pneumonia or serious complications, such as acute respiratory failure. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of respiratory disease that is currently spreading all over the world and caused by this coronavirus. Its common symptoms are highly similar to those of other viruses, such as fever, cough and dyspnea. There is currently no vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Everyone is susceptible to infection with this disease, and owing to the long-term use of immunosuppressants, the immunity of kidney transplant recipients is suppressed, and it is more likely to be infected with the disease. At present, its impact on kidney transplant recipients is unclear. This article reports the clinical features and therapeutic course of novel coronavirus infection in a patient after renal transplantation. A 37-year-old female patient who received a kidney transplant 6 months before was diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia. The patient’s symptoms (such as fever, chills, dry cough, muscle aches), laboratory tests (such as decreased white blood cell count, elevated liver enzymes and D-dimer, positive viral nucleic acid test), and chest CT (multiple left lower lung plaque ground glass shadow) were similar to those of non-transplanted novel coronavirus pneumonia patients. In terms of treatment, because the immunity of kidney transplant recipients has been suppressed for a long time, it is a very common strategy to suspend the use of immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, the patient immediately discontinued the immunosuppressive agent after admission, so that she could restore immunity against infection in a short time. At the same time, the use of glucocorticoids was also very important. Its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects played a large role in the treatment process.In addition, prophylactic antibiotics was needed, and nephrotoxic drugs should be used with caution. Finally, following discounting the use of immunosuppressant and a low-dose glucocorticoid-based treatment regimen, COVID-19 in this renal transplant recipient was successfully cured. The cure of this case was of great significance, and this adjuvant nonspecific antiviral therapy could provide a template for the treatment of other such patients.     

肾移植术后感染新型冠状病毒1例

The novel coronavirus is a newly discovered pathogen in late December 2019, and its source is currently unknown, which can lead to asymptomatic infection, new coronavirus pneumonia or serious complications, such as acute respiratory failure. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of respiratory disease that is currently spreading all over the world and caused by this coronavirus. Its common symptoms are highly similar to those of other viruses, such as fever, cough and dyspnea. There is currently no vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Everyone is susceptible to infection with this disease, and owing to the long-term use of immunosuppressants, the immunity of kidney transplant recipients is suppressed, and it is more likely to be infected with the disease. At present, its impact on kidney transplant recipients is unclear. This article reports the clinical features and therapeutic course of novel coronavirus infection in a patient after renal transplantation. A 37-year-old female patient who received a kidney transplant 6 months before was diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia. The patient’s symptoms (such as fever, chills, dry cough, muscle aches), laboratory tests (such as decreased white blood cell count, elevated liver enzymes and D-dimer, positive viral nucleic acid test), and chest CT (multiple left lower lung plaque ground glass shadow) were similar to those of non-transplanted novel coronavirus pneumonia patients. In terms of treatment, because the immunity of kidney transplant recipients has been suppressed for a long time, it is a very common strategy to suspend the use of immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, the patient immediately discontinued the immunosuppressive agent after admission, so that she could restore immunity against infection in a short time. At the same time, the use of glucocorticoids was also very important. Its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects played a large role in the treatment process.In addition, prophylactic antibiotics was needed, and nephrotoxic drugs should be used with caution. Finally, following discounting the use of immunosuppressant and a low-dose glucocorticoid-based treatment regimen, COVID-19 in this renal transplant recipient was successfully cured. The cure of this case was of great significance, and this adjuvant nonspecific antiviral therapy could provide a template for the treatment of other such patients.     

Analysis of costs and outcomes of renal transplantation at one center. Its implications.

A cost increase of more than 900% for medical services to dialysis patients and transplant recipients has been projected during the decade 1974 to 1984. To evaluate the role of renal transplantation in the End-Stage Renal Disease Program, we analyzed direct costs and patient outcomes in 466 consecutive transplants at our center. A successful transplant from either a living related or cadaver donor cost less than +7,000 per year for two years of graft function. The cost of transplants rejected during the second year also proved cost-effective when compared with the yearly costs of maintenance-facility hemodialysis. Patient survival was 100% at two years for recipients of a transplant from a living related donor and 84% at two years for recipients of a transplant from a cadaver. Renal transplantation can reduce the rising costs for end-stage renal disease patient care, without reducing life expectancy.     

肾移植术后患者环孢素A血药浓度的监测

目的 探讨肾移植术后患者环孢素A血药浓度的监测,指导临床合理用药.方法 采用均相酶免疫分析法测定58例肾移植术后患者环孢素A血药浓度.结果 在58例肾移植术后患者环孢素A血药浓度监测中,67.5%达到有效血药浓度(100～400ng/ml),26.3%低于有效血药浓度(<100ng/ml),6.2%高于有效血药浓度(>400ng/ml).结论 环孢素A血药浓度监测可以指导临床合理用药,避免或减少不良反应.