前列腺穿刺活检组织端粒酶活性检测及其临床意义

通过检测国人前列腺穿刺活检组织端粒酶活性,探讨其在前列腺癌诊断和预后的临床意义。20例前列腺癌标本和16例癌旁组织均来自前列腺穿刺活检,14例良性前列腺增生(BPH)标本取自前列腺摘除手术,均经病理证实。采用改良的TRAP-银染方法检测端粒酶活性,并进行半定量分析。结果20份前列腺癌标本中18份测得端粒酶活性(90％)。在16例癌旁前列腺组织中,64％(7/11)的前列腺上皮肉瘤(PIN)及40％(2/5)的癌旁BPH组织有端粒酶活性表达。14例BPH标本端粒酶活性均为阴性。18例前列腺癌阳性标本的端粒酶活性强度与肿瘤分级分期及PSA水平呈正相关。前列腺穿刺活检组织端粒酶活性检测可作为前列腺癌诊断的一项敏感性指标,其在前列腺癌预后中的价值有待于进一步的研究。     

前列腺穿刺物端粒酶活性测定对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的：通过检测前列腺穿刺物端粒酶活性，探讨其在前列腺癌诊断中的价值。方法：对41例可疑前列腺癌患者进行前列腺穿刺，对穿刺物行端粒酶活性测定及病理检查。端粒酶活性采用端粒重复放大程序（TRAP）PCR银染色法作定性检查，同时采用TRAP－PCR ELISA法作半定量测定。结果：26例前列腺癌患者中，端凿酶活性检测阳性22例，阳性率为84．6％，平均活性值为0．4506；15例非前列腺癌患者中，阳性4例，阳性率为26．7％，平均活性值为0．1263。两组之间端粒酶表达率及活性值差异均有显著性意义（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；癌旁组织17例，阳性2例（11．8％）。前列腺癌端粒酶活性表达与肿瘤分级、分期及术前血清前列腺特异抗原无关（P＞0．05）。结论：前列腺穿刺物端粒酶活性测定是一种诊断前列腺癌的有用标志。     

端粒酶活性在人膀胱肿瘤组织中表达的临床意义

目的：探讨不同临床病理类型的膀胱肿瘤及癌旁组织端粒酶活性表达及临床意义，方法：以改良TRAP法测定91例膀胱肿瘤组织标本端粒酶活性表达。结果：83例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中78例检测到端粒酶活性，阳性率为94％，其对应的癌旁组织也有14％的检出率，8例膀胱乳头状瘤组织中4例检测到端粒酶活性，阳性率为50％，其对应的癌旁组织检出率为12％，端粒酶活性在不同临床病理类型的膀胱肿瘤及癌旁组织中表达差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05），结论：膀胱肿瘤及癌旁组织端粒酶活性的检测对肿瘤的诊断有重要意义。     

前列腺癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达与微血管密度测定及其意义

利用免疫组化技术对前列腺癌、前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）及正常前列腺组织标本中血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）的表达和微血管密度进行测定,就两者的关系及其临床意义进行初步探讨。材料和方法　收集我院１９９５～１９９８年经手术切除的前列腺癌２５例,其中开放手术１９例,经尿道前列腺癌切除术（ＴＵＲＣａＰ）６例。年龄４８～６０岁,平均５４岁。ＢＰＨ２０例,均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术获得前列腺,年龄５８～７２岁,平均６８岁。１２例正常前列腺取自意外死亡男性,年龄２３～２９岁,平均２５岁。上述标本均经病理证实后,…     

前列腺癌的神经内分泌分化和粘液分化

探讨前列腺癌的神经内分泌分化和粘液分化与肿瘤分化程度及预后的关系。采用组织化学和免疫组织化学方法对６３例前列腺癌进行研究。其中腺癌６０例（高分化１１例，中分化１４例，低分化１７例，未分化１８例），粘液癌３例。对照组为良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）２１例。结果：ＣｇＡ的检出率：ＢＰＨ＞癌旁组织＞癌组织，并随癌组织分化程度的下降，其检出率逐渐下降。神经内分泌细胞（ＮＥＣ）密度的统计却显示相反的结果：ＢＰＨ＜癌旁腺体＜腺癌，并随分化程度的下降其密度逐渐增加，以未分化癌最高。一些腺癌的腺腔和癌细胞胞浆中见到粘液分布，其总量均少于病变组织的２５％。本组前列腺腺癌伴粘液分化与其病变组织中ＮＥＣ检出率呈正相关，而与ＮＥＣ密度呈负相关关系。结果提示：前列腺在癌变过程中可向两个方向分化，却表现相似的对内分泌治疗不敏感，更差的预后和更高的死亡率     

前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中IL-6受体基因表达水平的检测

前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中ＩＬ６受体基因表达水平的检测肖亚军鲁功成赵军白细胞介素６（ＩＬ６）与多种肿瘤发生发展有关。本研究采用ＰＣＲ方法检测了２０例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）及６例前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）组织中ＩＬ６受体基因表达水平。报告如下。材料和方...     

前列腺增生的偶发癌：附10例报告

１９９０～１９９２年，从１０８例良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）的手术标本中，连续病理切片检出前列腺偶发癌１０例，检出率为９．２５％。病理报告均为腺癌。其中低分化腺癌３例，分化较好或高分化７例。结合文献对前列腺偶发癌发生率，ＢＰＨ与前列腺癌关系，偶发癌的治疗及预后进行讨论。     

前列腺癌组织中转化性生长因子β2的定量检测

前列腺癌组织中转化性生长因子β＿２的定量检测刘运初，詹炳炎，王玲珑Ｆ．Ｋ．Ｈａｂｉｂ为探讨转化性生长因子β＿２（ＴＧＦ－β＿２）与前列腺癌的关系，采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附分析（ＥＬＩＳＡ）定量检测２０例前列腺癌和２０例前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织中免疫...     

抑癌基因P16蛋白在人前列腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：研究前列腺癌中抑癌基因ＭＴＳ１蛋白产物Ｐ１６表达的情况及临床意义。方法：用免疫组织化学方法（ＳＰ法）检测了６４例前列腺癌和１２例正常前列腺组织中Ｐ１６蛋白的表达情况。结果：３８例前列腺癌Ｐ１６蛋白表达表达阳性（５９．４％）,其中高分化癌阳性率为９０．０％（１８／２０）,中分化癌为７２．２％（１３／１８）低分化癌为２６．９％（７／２６）,随着前列腺癌恶性程度的增加Ｐ１６蛋白表达阳性率显著降低,     

前列腺增生和前列腺癌组织细胞调亡及Bc1—2,Bax基因表达？…

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌（Ｐｃａ）组织细胞增殖和调亡及Ｂｃ１－２、Ｂａｘ蛋白表达的临床意义。方法 用核酸末端原位标记方法检测ＢＰＨ和Ｐｃａ标本各２３例及５例正常前列腺（ＮＰ）标本,观察细胞调亡情况。用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法研究三种组织中ＰＣＮＡ、Ｂｃ１－２、Ｂａｘ表达及特征。结果 ＢＰＨ和Ｐｃａ的增殖细胞指数（ＰＩ）及调亡细胞指数（ＡＩ）较ＮＰ明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但ＡＩ／ＰＩ却     

Telomerase activity in prostate sextant needle cores from radical prostatectomy specimens

Human telomerase acts to maintain functioning telomeres, which are required for cellular immortality and very likely for cancer progression. Telomerase activity is present in about 85% of human cancers tested, but it has not been found in most human somatic cells and tissues. We used the Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol to perform telomerase activity assays on sextant needle core samples obtained from 35 freshly excised radical retropubic prostatectomy specimens. Similar assays were done on prostatic tissues obtained by means of other urologic procedures from 8 patients without prostate cancer. Telomerase activity was found in one or more specimens from 32 of 35 prostate cancer patients (91%), but was not detectable in all biopsy specimens from 7 of 8 cancer-free patients (88%). Further analysis showed that cancers more poorly differentiated, with higher Gleason scores, were always associated with a higher rate of telomerase detection and stronger telomerase activity. Moreover, comparison of telomerase activity in needle core samples with the volume of cancer in surrounding tissue as observed on corresponding histologic slides showed that stronger activity was positively correlated with a higher cancer volume. Prognostic indicators of prostate cancer and the expression of telomerase appear to be linked. The presence of telomerase activity in prostate tissue may aid in the detection of prostate cancer and produce additional prognostic information.     

The use of telomerase activity for the detection of prostatic cancer cells after prostatic massage

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. The diagnosis or followup of prostate cancer in men older than 50 years is based on digital rectal examination, measurement of the free-to-total prostatic specific antigen ratio and transrectal ultrasound assisted needle biopsy of the prostate. We developed and evaluated a noninvasive method for diagnosing prostate cancer based on the measurement of telomerase activity after prostatic massage in fresh voided urine or after urethral washing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 36 specimens of cells after prostatic massage in the fresh voided urine of 16 patients who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy and after urethral washing in 20 who underwent prostate needle biopsies. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was immediately added to the collected urine or washing to a final concentration of 20 mM. After protein extraction by CHAPS buffer each specimen was tested for telomerase activity in a 2-step modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. The 2 prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP with high telomerase activity were used as a positive control. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in 14 of 24 samples with known prostate cancer (sensitivity 58%). In contrast, no telomerase activity was found in the 12 cases without histological evidence of prostate tumor (specificity 100%). Eight of 9 poorly differentiated cancers expressed telomerase activity (89%), while only 6 of 15 well and moderately differentiated cancers showed telomerase activity (40%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data illustrate that telomerase activity may be detected in voided urine or washing after prostatic massage in patients with prostate cancer. Sensitivity was higher for poorly differentiated tumors. This approach is not currently available for detecting prostate cancer in clinical practice. However, these results are promising and further studies are ongoing.     

An appraisal of telomerase activity in benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is one of the commonest neoplasms in elderly males in developed countries. It is not clear which individuals are at high risk of developing aggressive adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Biomarkers are therefore urgently needed to identify such individuals. It had been suggested both by ourselves and others that prostatic telomerase activity may represent a valuable marker in this respect, particularly if applied to BPH, as tissue is readily available from both transurethral resection of prostates and transrectal ultrasound biopsy. METHODS: Tissue was collected prospectively from 46 patients with BPH who underwent TURP for clinically benign prostatic disease, and who were examined using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP assay). RESULTS: Telomerase activity was not detected in any of 46 BPH samples, using TRAP assay conditions of 0.12, 1.2, and 12.0 microg protein. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that telomerase is not detectable in BPH samples. This would suggest that absence of telomerase activity may be a strong indicator of a lack of cancer. However further studies are necessary to confirm this.     

前列腺衰老逃逸现象的实验研究

目的探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)衰老逃逸现象的机理。方法采用端粒重复片段扩增法(TRAP)分别检测13例正常前列腺组织、35例BPH组织及33例增生结节和包膜的端粒酶活性表达情况,比较端粒酶活性水平与BPH衰老逃逸的关系。结果正常前列腺组织中端粒酶阳性2例(15%),BPH组织中端粒酶阳性17例(49%),增生结节端粒酶阳性14例(42%),包膜阳性1例(3%);BPH组织端粒酶阳性表达率高于正常前列腺组织(P<0.05),增生结节阳性率明显高于包膜组织(P<0.01)。结论BPH组织中端粒酶活性升高,且分布不均匀。提示前列腺衰老逃逸可能与端粒酶活性有关。     

FOCAL INTRATUMORAL HETEROGENEITY FOR TELOMERASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER

PURPOSE: The value of telomerase activity as a marker in clinical decision-making is closely related to how representative the analysis of a small tumor sample is for the whole tumor. We therefore evaluated the intratumoral distribution pattern of telomerase activity in prostatic carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 50 prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy, telomerase activity was determined using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP assay). Comparative analysis of at least two separate cancer areas from a single tumor was performed in 42 cases. RESULTS: Telomerase activation has been demonstrated in 90% of the prostatic carcinomas. Focal intratumoral heterogeneity was found in 38.1% of the tumors with at least two different areas examined. Telomerase positivity of all samples from one given tumor was detected in 50%, telomerase negativity of all samples in 11.9%. A heterogeneous telomerase activity pattern was more frequently detected in tumors with a Gleason score < or = 7 than in those with a Gleason score > 7. Furthermore, there was an increase in the proportion of homogeneously telomerase-positive tumors with increase in severity of the Gleason score. The differences reached statistical significance. Telomerase activity was also detected in non-cancerous prostatic tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activation is nearly ubiquitous in prostatic carcinomas, although a heterogeneous telomerase activity pattern within tumors might produce a false-negative result in the telomerase activity assay. This limits the value of telomerase activity assays for diagnostic means. There is evidence for a shift from telomerase-negative prostate cancer tissue toward telomerase positivity during the progression process of prostate cancer. The relatively high proportion of telomerase-positive nonmalignant prostatic tissue samples argues against cancer-specificity of telomerase activation.     

端粒酶与前列腺癌及其生物学行为的关系

目的 探讨端粒酶（ＴＥ）与前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）及其生物学行为的关系。方法 应用端粒重复片段扩增法（ＴＲＡＰ）法,检测３９例ＰＣａ组织,１５例前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织及１０例正常前列腺（ＮＰ）组织中的ＴＥ活性,并比较ＴＥ活性水平与ＰＣａ病理分化程度,临床分期及转移情况的关系。     

膀胱癌癌旁组织端粒酶活性检测的临床意义

目的　探讨膀胱癌癌旁组织端粒酶活性检测的临床意义。　方法　采用端粒重复序列扩增 (TRAP)法 ,检测 2 4例膀胱癌组织及癌旁组织中端粒酶活性表达。　结果　 2 4例癌旁组织中端粒酶活性表达阳性 10例 (42 % ) ,癌旁组织端粒酶活性表达与原发灶癌病理分级分期相关 ,并与癌复发相关。　结论　膀胱癌癌旁组织端粒酶活性检测可作为判断膀胱癌预后的指标之一     

前列腺组织中PTTG的表达及其意义

目的：研究垂体肿瘤转化基因（PTTG）在前列腺组织,尤其是前列腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学二步法检测正常前列腺（8例）、BPH（16例）、无远处转移的前列腺癌（47例）以及有远处转移的前列腺癌（19例）组织中PTTG的表达情况。用Stata统计软件分别对BPH和前列腺癌组织中PTTG的表达情况与PSA和Gleason分级间的关系进行分析。结果：PTTG在正常前列腺和BPH组织中无表达或弱表达,而63．7％（42／66）的前列腺癌中有阳性或强阳性表达,在良恶性前列腺组织之间的表达差异有统计学意义（x2=25．2487,P=0．000）,无远处转移的前列腺癌和有远处转移的前列腺癌之间的表达差异无统计学意义（x2=0．3568,P=0．837）。PTTG在前列腺癌中的表达与PSA和Gleason分级之间无相关性。结论：PTTG在前列腺癌组织中高表达,可能在前列腺癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用。