冠状动脉搭桥术后观察及护理

根治冠心病的有效途径是冠状动脉搭桥术,我科1985年7月～1991年7月对4例冠心病患者施行冠状动脉搭桥术,手术顺利,效果良好。术后症状均有明显改变,活动自如;EKG及酶学检查正常。随访1年,患者心绞痛完全消失,生活正常。现将     

体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术后护理

冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)现在已成为世界上公认的治疗冠心病的有效手段,目前绝大多数搭桥手术在体外循环下完成[1].我院自1999年6月至2006年9月共进行体外循环下冠脉搭桥手术63例,术后均入ICU监护,现总结如下.     

86例不停跳冠脉搭桥术回顾性研究

目的:对我院86例冠心病实施不停跳冠脉搭桥术(OPCAB)进行回顾性研究。方法:常温下全身麻醉气管插管,体外循环机预备,胸骨正中切口,取左或右乳内动脉、桡动脉及大隐静脉,利用CTS胸骨牵开器和固定器实施OPCAB。结果:1例术后死亡,1例术中被迫改为体外循环手术,其余患者均痊愈出院,术后随访心绞痛症状明显缓解,生活质量较术前明显提高。结果:OPCAB这种术式是可行的,但其远期效果及其适用范围还有待于进一步研究。     

微创冠状动脉旁路术33例中期结果报告

目的总结33例经左胸小切口微创冠状动脉旁路术(minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass,MIDCAB)的中期疗效. 方法 2000年11月～2003年4月共行MIDCAB 33例,单纯MIDCAB 29例,杂交技术4例.25例采用经典MIDCAB,4例胸腔镜辅助,4例AESOP机器人辅助. 结果全组无手术死亡,无手术并发症.呼吸机脱机时间(7.5±1.9) h,引流量(274±197)ml,输血率9.1%(3/33),术后住院(6.9±1.7)d.随访33例,时间(24.3±5.7)个月,无远期死亡,心绞痛复发率9.1%(3/33).术后再次冠状动脉造影4例,1例吻合口狭窄50%,余3例前降支与左乳内动脉吻合口通畅.术后导管再次血管化2例(6.1%). 结论 MIDCAB术中期效果满意.     

34例非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术

目的：报告３４例非体外循环下的冠状动脉搭桥术，。方法：秣在全麻常温下进行，正中切口２１例，左前外侧切口１１例，右前外侧切口和左胸骨旁切口各１例。单支病变１７例，双支病变１１例，三支病变６例；平均每例搭桥１．４支，其中１例同时激光打孔心肌血运重建。结果：全组无手术死亡平均手术时间３．１小时，平均带气管插管时间１０．９小时，２２例病人（６４．７％）不需输血，平均住院花费３．４万元。术后ＵＦＣＴ或ＭＲＩ     

急诊冠状动脉搭桥术患者的护理

对11例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术,做好术前急救护理,术后心包、纵隔引流管的护理及呼吸道护理,维持循环、血糖稳定,预防并发症及再发AMI。结果均手术成功,治愈出院;随访7～10个月,心功能恢复良好。提示及时、全方位的护理是手术成功的保证。     

冠状动脉搭桥术后患者早期运动能力和抑郁状况的研究

目的 了解冠状动脉搭桥术后患者早期运动能力、抑郁状况以及两者之间的相关性.方法 对60例在心脏不停跳状态下行冠状动脉搭桥术后患者,于术后第7天测试6 min步行距离.并采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行调查.结果 冠状动脉搭桥术后第7天患者SDS评分38～59(49.62±5.40)分;6 min步行距离为180～400(274.35±60.23)m;不同性别、年龄、文化程度患者SDS评分比较,差异有统计学意义;不同性别、年龄患者运动能力比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);运动能力与SDS评分呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论 冠状动脉搭桥术后患者早期能够进行简单的肢体运动,但其运动能力并没有完全恢复;其抑郁情绪明显;且运动能力与抑郁状况显著相关.     

39例非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术的经验

目的总结我院4年来非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的临床结果与经验。方法2000年7月_2004年7月,在我科收治2例严重冠心病中,成功的施行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术39例,其中青年例术前使用主动脉球囊反搏（IABP）,术中均采用Octopus稳定器。另外3例患者因术中血流动力学不稳定的转体外循环下完成手术。结果全组无1例围手术期死亡,术后心绞痛症状均消失,心功能得到不同程度改善。结论非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术是一种安全可行,是治疗冠心病的良好方法。     

常温不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术对机体氧供需的影响

目的：研究常温心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术对机体氧供需平衡的影响。方法：16例冠心病患者，在咪唑安定，芬太尼，丙泊酸，维库溴铵及异氟醚静吸复合麻醉下，心脏不停跳行冠状动脉搭桥手术，术中监测ECG，SpO2及血液动力学指标。于冠脉血管吻合前后，分别取挠动脉及肺动脉血，测定血红蛋白（Hb)和动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2)，并计算全身氧供需平衡，结果：冠状动脉搭桥前后CaO,CvO2,DO2,VO2,O2ER,A-aDO2等均无明显变化（P＞0．05），CO搭桥后比搭桥前增加，但无显著性差异，结论：常温心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥手术对全身氧供需平衡没有明显影响。     

冠状动脉搭桥42例报告

<正> 1998年10月19日至今我们为42例冠状动脉硬化性心脏病施行了冠状动脉(CA)搭桥术,手术获得圆满成功,病人至今生存质量良好。心绞痛症状完全消失,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料:42例中,男34例,女8例,年龄38～79岁,平均54.3岁。同时伴有高血压12例,糖尿病8例,不稳定心绞痛25例,20例有心肌梗死,其中合并心梗后室间隔穿孔,纵膈肿瘤各1例,6例形成室壁瘤,2例合并主动脉瓣关闭不全,EF32～65％,手术前均行CA造影证实有多支CA病变。其中全动脉化搭桥4例,其余的为动脉、静脉桥,平均搭桥2.7     

1198例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期临床分析

目的　总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的早期临床结果和经验体会。方法　 1996年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 5月在国内 15个冠心病微创外科中心完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 1198例 ,占同期冠心病手术的 79 5 % ,OPCAB实施率 (即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比 )为 85 2 %。年龄平均 (6 1 6± 9 0 )岁 ,男性占 77 3%。 18 7%为左主干病变 ,76 9%为 3支病变。左心室射血分数平均 0 5 6± 0 17。其中二次手术者占 1 5 % ,急诊手术占 9 9%。结果　 2 2例为小切口单支病变旁路移植手术 ,其余均为正中切口、多支病变的OPCAB手术。远端吻合口为 (3 1± 0 9)个 ,乳内动脉桥占 6 5 6 % ,桡动脉桥占 18 0 % ;5 2 %病人使用主动脉内球囊反搏。住院死亡 14例 ,病死率 1 2 %。其中术后心跳骤停或室颤 7例 ,大出血 2例 ,昏迷伴肾功能衰竭 2例 ,大面积脑梗塞 2例 ,呼吸衰竭 1例。并发症中 ,围术期心肌梗死占 0 4% ,急性左心功能衰竭占 0 3% ,严重心律失常占 1 2 % ,呼吸系统并发症占 2 0 % ,器质性神经系统并发症占 1 2 % ,新发或加重的肾功能不全占 0 7% ,出血二次开胸占1 0 % ,胸骨愈合不良占 0 6 %。结论　OPCAB手术安全可行 ,早期效果满意 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。OPCAB具备一     

冠状动脉内膜剥脱联合旁路移植治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变的近中期效果

目的探讨冠状动脉内膜剥脱术(CE)联合冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变的近中期效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月在南京市第一医院心胸血管外科接受CE+CABG的248例弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变患者的临床资料。男性201例,女性47例;年龄(65.6±8.5)岁(范围:43~79岁)。体外循环手术156例,非体外循环手术92例。共对269根病变血管完成CE,包括前降支108根,右冠状动脉140根,钝缘支21根。共完成旁路移植872支,包括左胸廓内动脉248支,桡动脉48支,大隐静脉576支,每例患者移植(3.5±0.8)支(范围:2~6支)。CE后平均血流量为(26±8)ml/min(范围:13~59 ml/min),血流指数为3.1±0.8(范围:2.0~6.7)。采用t检验或χ²检验比较体外循环和非体外循环患者的手术结果及术后通畅率。结果全组围手术期病死率为1.2%(3/248),2例死于肾功能衰竭,1例死于术后顽固性低心排血量。9例发生围手术期心肌梗死。随访(41.8±21.4)个月(范围:1~68个月)。旁路血管术后1年通畅率为78.4%(182/232),3年通畅率为69.8%(162/232)。左冠状动脉系统通畅率明显高于右冠状动脉系统(1年:87.4%比73.1%,χ²=6.533,P=0.011;3年:78.2%比64.8%,χ²=4.588,P=0.032)。体外循环组和非体外循环组旁路血管通畅率无差异(1年:80.0%比76.9%,χ²=0.277,P=0.599;3年:71.5%比67.9%,χ²=0.300,P=0.584)。结论CE+CABG治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变可以获得较满意的完全再血管化,有较好的早、中期效果和旁路血管通畅率。体外循环和非体外循环手术具有相似的早中期结果。     

Early results of off-pump coronary artery bypass

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the operative results of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and on-pump (conventional) coronary artery bypass (CCAB), to clarify qualitative problems and whether OPCAB is less invasive or not. Methods: OPCAB was consecutively performed in 63 patients and CCAB in 63 patients between July 1998 and December 2003. Results: The mean number of bypass grafts was 2.43 ±0.82 in the OPCAB group and 2.70±0.71 in the CCAB group (p=0.096). In-hospital mortality was 0% in the OPCAB group and 3.2% in the CCAB group. The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction was 0% in the OPCAB group and 3.2% in the CCAB group. The incidence of postoperative major complications was significantly lower in the OPCAB group than in the CCAB group (OPCAB group=4 complications, CCAB group=13 complications). Cerebrovascular accidents occurred in 1.6% of patients in both groups. The incidence of sternal infection or mediastinitis was 0% in the OPCAB group and 3.2% in the CCAB group. The early patency rate of graft was 94.0% in the OPCAB group and 92.8% in the CCAB group, and was not significantly different (p=0.822). Conclusion: Operative mortality and major complications after surgery in OPCAB were lower than that in CCAB. The early patency rate in OPCAB was as good as that in CCAB. It is considered that OPCAB is less invasive and the quality of bypass in OPCAB is as good as that in CCAB.     

700例冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床回顾

作者对阜外医院７００例冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）患者的临床资料和手术结果，按时间分Ａ、Ｂ两组进行对比分析，结果显示合并糖尿病、高血脂症、心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、左主干病变、广泛三支病变等在患者中所占比例近三年有显著的增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；合并高血压病（４１．３％）、陈旧性心肌梗塞（６５．０％）、有左室室壁瘤（２４．３％）、术后需使用ＩＡＢＰ（９．４％）发生率高，但两组间无显著性差异。心肌保护方法的改进、冠状动脉充分再血管化技术的提高和内乳动脉的广泛采用，使术后早期死亡率（Ｂ组９．６％，Ａ组２．７％）及围术期心梗发生率（Ｂ组９．０％、Ａ组３．２％，Ｐ＜０．００５）明显下降。     

Robotically enhanced coronary artery bypass surgery

Robotically enhanced telemanipulation surgery is a rapidly developing technique which enables totally endoscopic cardiac surgery with utmost precision and perfection on both beating heart and arrested heart. Between December 2002 and September 2006, 268 patients underwent robotically enhanced coronary artery bypass surgery using the da Vinci telemanipulation system. Fourteen patients underwent total endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery. Of these 12 were performed on a beating heart and 2 on an arrested heart. Two-hundred and fifty-four patients had endoscopic takedown of the internal mammary artery followed by minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass in 193 patients and left anterolateral thoracotomy in 61 patients. The internal mammary artery mobilization time was 36 min (28–76 min) and the left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery anastomosis time ranged from 20 to 36 min for the totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass patients. The right internal mammary artery of one patient was anastomosed to diagonal artery totally endoscopically. The mean internal mammary artery flow by Doppler measurement in patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass was 58 ml min⁻¹. Seven patients required conversion to median sternotomy and coronary bypass surgery on the beating heart. The mean intensive care unit stay was 1.2 days and the mean hospital stay 4.5 days. There was one in-hospital mortality. All 14 patients who underwent total endoscopic bypass surgery had coronary angiography 3 months later which showed 100% patency in 13 patients. One patient had 50% anastomotic narrowing for which coronary angioplasty was performed in the same sitting. By using telematic technology, a complete endoscopic anastomosis is possible in both single vessels and suitable double vessel disease patients. The use of robotics is now extended to achieve complete myocardial revascularization by harvesting both the internal mammary arteries and making a small thoracotomy for direct anastomosis also.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术218例临床分析

目的：总结冠状动脉旁路植术（CABG）治疗冠心病的经验。方法：回顾分析2001年1月－2002年2月完成的CABG218例，体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植手术（CCABG）152例，非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植手术（OPCAB）66例，对手术方法、主要并发症和围术期治疗进行分析。结果：院内死亡5例。1例术后第14天死于肺部感染、急性肾功能衰竭；1例术后第3天死于心肌梗死；1例术后第2天死于急性肺梗死；2例因ARDS、多器官功能衰竭死亡。余213例治愈出院。随访有6例复发心绞痛，药物治疗有效。结论：严格掌握手术适应证、充分的术前准备、手术技巧的完善、良好的心肌保护及加强围术期处理是提高CABG早期疗效的关键因素。     

Early and late outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery in diabetic patients

Objective. To determine the impact of diabetes on outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery. Design. We matched 866 diabetic patients with non-diabetic controls in regards to gender, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index, presence of unstable angina and history of myocardial infarction, and day of surgery. The 30-d mortality and morbidity were evaluated with univariate analysis and survival and freedom from cardiac death were assessed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. Follow-up time was 69±37 months. The 30-d mortality was 2.0% in the diabetic group and 1.0% in the non-diabetic group (p=0.15). Postoperative morbidity did not differ between groups. Cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rates were 89 and 71% in diabetics and 94 and 84% in non-diabetics (p=0.001). During follow-up, there was no difference between groups in regards to repeat revascularization. Conclusions. The 30-d mortality was equally low in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe coronary artery disease. However, long-term survival was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group.     

225例左主干狭窄冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结冠状动脉左主干狭窄(LMS)的外科治疗效果和临床经验。方法1999年1月至2003年6月，225例LMS病人接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。平均年龄63．4岁。左室射血分数(LVEF)≤0．3011例。6例急诊手术，其中3例术前放置主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)。76例在常规体外循环下手术；149例应用非体外循环不停跳技术，术中改为体外循环5例。其中13例全动脉化、3例全静脉化旁路移植术。结果平均术前住院2．3d。平均每例远端吻合口2．95个。死亡13例(5．78％)。结论尽管LMS是预示CABG术后死亡率的独立危险因素，但CABG现在仍是其治疗的第一选择，且是安全、有效的方法。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后长期随访

目的 总结１９８２年至１９９１年间３８例冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）者的长期随访结果,以探讨术前危险因子对ＣＡＢＧ疗效的影响。方法 ３８例中男３６例,女２例。年龄４１－７３岁,平均５５．４岁,７３．７％病人年龄大于５０岁。有心肌梗死发作史者１５例,有心衰史者２例。ＰＴＣＡ失败后急症手术２例,３支,３支以上冠状动脉病变者１９例。心功能Ⅲ级及以上者３０例。应用Ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａ软件包中的Ｌｏｇｉｓ