PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性与内蒙地区IgA肾病的相关性研究

目的：探讨纤溶酶原活化物抑制剂-1（plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1）基因启动子区4G/5G多态性与内蒙地区IgA肾病的相关性。方法：随机收集包头医学院第一附属医院肾内科IgA肾病患者100例,另设100名健康体检者为对照组。采用等位基因特异聚合酶链反应（ASPCR）法进行PAI-14G/5G基因型分析。结果：IgA肾病组的4G/4G基因型发生频率（41%）显著高于对照组（23%,P值〈0.01）。4G、5G等位基因频率比较无统计学差异（χ2=1.818,P〉0.05）。结论：PAI-14G/4G基因型是内蒙地区IgA肾病发病的易感基因型,但PAI-14G等位基因不是内蒙地区IgA肾病的易感基因。     

儿童脓毒症纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性的研究

目的探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）基因启动子区单核苷酸插入或缺失（4G/5G）多态性与广州地区汉族脓毒症患儿的相关性,对脓毒症的发生、发展和临床预后的影响。方法选取2007年4-12月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心诊治的汉族脓毒症患儿为病例组,同期收集健康查体儿童为对照组。应用等位基因特异性扩增多聚酶链（AS-PCR）法对病例组和对照组行PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性检测和分析。采用基因计数法计算各组基因型频率和等位基因频率,χ^2检验分析比较两组人群各基因型的分布差异,计算OR值及其95%CI评估各基因型的风险。结果研究期间病例组纳入148例,对照组181名。病例组和对照组PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性的基因型和等位基因频率分布差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.79,P〉0.05）。等位基因4G（χ^2=4.35,P〈0.05）及其纯合子（χ^2=4.44,P〈0.05）与脓毒症发展相关;携带等位基因4G患儿发展至重症脓毒症的风险比5G高,OR=4.05（95%CI：1.09-15.08）,4G/4G纯合子患儿发展至重症脓毒症的风险比其他基因型高,OR=4.57（95%CI：1.11-18.78）。等位基因4G（χ^2=9.17,P〈0.05）及其纯合子（χ^2=7.35,P〈0.05）与脓毒症病死率相关,携带等位基因4G患儿脓毒症病死风险较5G高,OR=4.30（95%CI：1.50-12.29）,4G/4G纯合子患儿脓毒症病死风险较其他基因型高,OR=3.14（95%CI：1.49-6.61）。结论PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性与广州地区汉族脓毒症患儿进展及预后相关,等位基因4G及其纯合子是其高危遗传因素;PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G点多态性与脓毒症的易感性无关。     

PAI-1启动子区4G/5G基因多态性与脑血管病相关性研究

目的初步探讨人类纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（plasminogenactivatorinhibitor,PAI-1）启动子区基因多态性与脑血管病的关系及其在脑血管病发病过程中的作用。方法通过多聚酶链反应（polymerasechainreaction,PCR）技术和发色底物法(ELISA),测定96例脑血管病病人,其中脑梗死（cerebralinfarction,CI）组65例,脑出血（cerebralhemorrhage,CH）组31例和60例对照组的白细胞PAI-1启动子区4G/5G多态性位点的基因型及血浆PAI-1活性。结果CI组血浆PAI-1活性明显高于其它二组,各组中均以纯合子4G/4G基因型患者的PAI-1血浆活性水平为最高,5G/5G基因型最低,杂合子4G/5G基因型居中;4G纯合子基因型与其它二型之间比较差异均有显著意义,4G/5G与5G/5G基因型之间比较差异无显著意义。CI组4G/4G纯合子型基因型与对照组（Controls）比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,CI组基因型与CH组及CH组与对照组基因型比较均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。女性CI4G纯合子基因型患者血浆PAI-1活性与同型男性患者比较有显著性差异。结论纯合子4G/4G基因型可能是CI发病的危险因素之一,4G纯合子个体可能具有较高的CI发病倾向,尤其可能与女性CI发病相关。     

PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性与儿童哮喘的易感性分析

目的探讨纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)基因启动子区-675bp处4G/5G多态性与潍坊地区汉族儿童哮喘发病的易感性及其临床特点的关系。方法采用病例-对照研究方法,选取196例哮喘患儿(儿童哮喘组)和173例健康儿童(对照组)为研究对象,应用限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析方法检测PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性。结果儿童哮喘组和对照组之间,PAI-1基因3种基因型(4G/4G、4G/5G、5G/5G)频率分布差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。4G/4G基因型频率(28.0%)显著高于对照组(14.4%;P0.01);与5G/5G基因型比较,携带4G/4G型儿童发生哮喘的相对风险(odds ratios,OR)增加2.95倍(95%CI:1.58~5.50;P0.01)。携带4G等位基因儿童发生哮喘的OR是5G等位基因型个体的1.61倍(95%CI:1.20~2.15;P0.01)。儿童哮喘组PAI-1基因不同基因型之间Ig E、CRP、LYM、EOS、NEU检测结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性与潍坊地区儿童哮喘的易感性相关,4G/4G型为易感基因型;该位点多态性与儿童哮喘Ig E、CRP、LYM、EOS、NEU等指标无相关性。     

纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1基因4G/5G多态性与卵巢早衰相关性研究

目的探讨纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1(PAI-1)基因启动子区4G/5G多态性与卵巢早衰(POF)发病的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性分析,检测了83例POF患者(POF组)和56例正常妇女(对照组)的PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性;经阴彩色多普勒检测卵巢大小、卵巢动脉内径、RI指数。结果(1)POF组PAI-1基因分布:4G/4G型为38.6%,4G/5G型为47%,5G/5G型为14.4%;POF组4G等位基因频率(0.621)和4G/4G型频率(38.6%)显著高于正常对照组(0.455和16.1%)(P(0.01)。(2)POF组卵巢大小(2.03 cm×1.1 cm)明显小于对照组(2.9 cm×2.3 cm),卵巢动脉内径明显小于对照组,而卵巢动脉血流阻力指数(0.72±0.04)明显高于对照组(0.47±0.04)。(3)4G/4G基因型妇女发生POF的相对风险率的比数比为3.28,95%的可信区间为1.45~7.43。结论PAI-1基因4G/5G多态性与POF的发病密切相关,纯合子4G/4G基因型可能是POF发病的重要危险因素之一。     

PAI-1基因4G4G基因型与IgA肾病易感性及临床表现的关系

目的探讨PAI-1基因启动子区4G／5G多态性与IgA肾病的发生、进展和临床表现的关系。方法收集IgA肾病患者的临床资料；应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态技术分析296例IgA肾病患者和310名健康人的PAI-1基因4G／5G多态性；分析PAI-1基因4G／5G多态性与IgA肾病的发生与临床表现及病理改变的关系。结果（1）PAI-1基因4G4G，4G5G，5G5G基因型频率在IgA肾病组和正常对照组分别为0．33、0．19、0．48和0．3、0．23、0．47，两组之间差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．63，P〉0．05）；（2）4G4G纯合子基因型频率在病理Lee氏分级Ⅲ级以下组（A组）和Ⅳ～Ⅴ级组（B组）分别为0．39和0．28，（X^20=7．86，P〈0．05）。（3）按基因型分组，4G4G组IgA肾病患者的肌酐清除率明显低于非4G4G组；4G4G组患者的血清甘油三酯水平明显高于5G5G组；4G4G组患者高甘油三酯血症发生率明显高于4G5G组（P〈0．05）。结论PAI-1基因启动子区4G／5G多态性不是IgA肾病发生的易感因素，但可能是IgA肾病病情加重的危险因子。     

纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性与妊娠高血压综合征的关系

目的　探讨纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 - 1(plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1,PAI- 1)基因启动子区 4 G/ 5 G多态性与妊娠高血压综合征 (pregnancy- induced hypertension syndrome,PIHs)发病的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性分析 ,检测了 171例 PIHs患者 (PIHs组 )和 193名正常妊娠妇女 (对照组 )的 PAI- 1基因 4 G/ 5 G多态性。结果　 (1) PIHs组 PAI- 1基因型频率分布 :4 G/ 4 G型为4 7.4 % ,4 G/ 5 G型为 4 1.5 % ,5 G/ 5 G型为 11.1% ;PIHs组 4 G等位基因频率 (0 .6 81)和 4 G/ 4 G型频率(47.4 % )显著高于正常对照组孕妇 (0 .4 95和 2 1.2 % ) (P<0 .0 0 1)。 (2 )重度 PIHs患者组 4 G/ 4 G型和 4 G等位基因频率 (6 1.3%和 0 .75 8)显著高于轻度 PIHs组 (35 .8%和 0 .6 2 3) (P<0 .0 0 1) ;中度 PIHs组 (42 .8%和0 .6 5 2 )和轻度 PIHs组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。 (3) 4 G/ 4 G基因型孕妇发生 PIHs的相对风险率的比数比为 3.34,95 %的可信区间为 2 .14～ 5 .2 2。结论　 PAI- 1基因 4 G/ 5 G多态性参与 PIHs的发病 ,纯合子4 G/ 4 G基因型可能是 PIHs发病的重要危险因素之一。     

PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌的相关性研究

目的研究纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)基因启动子区单核苷酸插入/缺失(4G/5G)多态性在温州地区的分布特点及其与乳腺癌之间的关系.方法病例组:53例乳腺癌患者.对照组:在温州汉族人群中随机选取146例女性为对照.应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染显带技术对上述人群进行PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性分析.结果 (1)正常女性与正常男性比较4G/4G、4G/5G、5G/5G基因型中,女性5G/5G基因型高于男性(χ2=6.626 P=0.01).(2)疾病和对照组的基因型和基因频率均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 (1)PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G单核苷酸多态性随种族和地区的不同而存在差异.(2)PAI-1基因启动子区单核苷酸插入/缺失(4G/5G)遗传多态性与乳腺癌的发生发展可能没有直接相关性.     

RAI—1启动子区4G／5G基因多态性与脑血管病相关性研究

目的：初步探讨人类纤溶酶原激活物换制物－1（plasminogen activator inhibitor,PAI-1）启动子区基因多态性与脑血管病的关系及其在脑血管病发病过程中的作用。方法：通过多聚酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术和发色底物法（ELISA），测定96例脑血管病病人，其中脑梗死(cerebral infarction,CI）组65例，脑出血（cerebral hemorrhage,CH）组31例和60例对照组的白细胞PAI－1启动子区4G／5G多态性位点的基因型及血浆PAI－1活性。结果；CI组血浆PAI－1活性明显高于其它二组，各组中均以纯合子4G／4G基因型患者的PAI－1血浆活性水平为最高，5G／5G基因型最低，杂合子4G／5G基因型居中；4G纯合子基因型与其它二型之间比较均有显著意义，4G/5G与5G／5G基因型之间比较差异无显著意义。CI组4G／4G纯合子型基因型与对照组（Controls）比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05),CI组基因型与CH组及CH组与对照组基因型比较均无统计学意义（P＞0.050。妇性CI 4G纯合子基因型患者血浆PAI－1活性与同型男性患者比较有显著性差异。结论：纯合子4G／4G基因型可能是CI发病的危险因素之一，4G纯合子个体可能具有较高的CI发病倾向，尤其可能与女性CI发病相关。     

纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1基因启动子区-6754G/5G多态性与中国人冠心病的关联研究

目的　研究纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 - 1(plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1,PAI- 1)基因启动子区 - 6 75 4 G/ 5 G多态性与中国人冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (coronary heartdisease,CHD,简称冠心病 )发病的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性分析 ,对 12 1名健康人和 12 6例冠心病患者(其中急性心肌梗塞 4 7例 ,陈旧性心肌梗塞 39例 ,心绞痛 4 0例 )进行了 PAI- 1基因 4 G/ 5 G多态性分析。结果　 PAI- 1基因 4 G等位基因频率冠心病组 (0 .6 0 )显著高于正常对照组 (0 .4 8) (χ2 =7.6 3,P<0 .0 1) ;4 G/4 G基因型基因频率冠心病组 (0 .397)显著高于正常对照组 (0 .190 ) (χ2 =12 .6 7,P<0 .0 1) ,与 5 G/ 5 G基因型相比 ,对冠心病的比数比 (odds ratio,OR)为 2 .5 4 ,95 %的可信区间 (confidence interval,CI) :1.2 2～ 5 .2 7(P<0 .0 5 ) ,差异有显著性 ,而 4 G/ 5 G基因型对冠心病的 OR为 1.2 8,95 % CI:1.4 5～ 2 .38(P>0 .0 5 ) ,差异无显著性。结论　PAI- 1基因 4 G/ 4 G基因型与中国汉族人冠心病的发病有关联 ,4 G/ 4 G基因型个体易发生冠心病     

PAI-1启动子区4G/5G基因多态性、ACE插入/缺失多态性与脑卒中的相关性

目的 探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)启动子区基因多态性和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)插入/缺失多态性与脑卒中的关系.方法 PCR检测203例脑卒中患者和139名健康对照者PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性、ACE基因插入/缺失多态性,同时应用比色法测定血清ACE活性,发色底物法测定PAI-1活性.结果 脑...     

The plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4G/5G polymorphism is not associated with longevity: a study in octogenarians

Accumulating evidence suggests that plasma levels of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) may modulate the risk of coronary artery disease. The regulation of PAI-1 levels underlies not only environmental but also genetic influences. The 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene has recently gained additional relevance as a possible cardiovascular risk factor, as the 4G allele may be associated with enhanced expression of the PAI-1 gene. This retrospective cohort study examined the effect of the PAI-1 4G/5G genotype on longevity among 205 subjects aged 80 years and older. Such studies in larger cohorts have recently become available along with new methods for the rapid and easy determination of gene polymorphisms. We utilized a light-cycler assisted method which is a fast and flexible method of analyzing the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism on the gene level. In these 205 persons the 4G/5G allele was found in 96 persons (47%), the 4G/4G variant in 62 (30%), and the 5G/5G allele in 47 (23%). These data are similar to the allele distribution described in other large cohorts not restricted to old age. Thus the results of this study are not suggestive of an important contribution of the PAI-1 genotype on total mortality.     

Polymorphism 4G/5G in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene is associated with IgE-mediated allergic diseases and asthma in the Czech population

BACKGROUND: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor superfamily and has an essential role in tissue remodeling after inflammation. Recently, a single base pair deletion/insertion (4G/5G) polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene has been associated with an increased risk of asthma in nuclear families from the UK. METHODS: The present study was thus conducted to determine the association of this polymorphism with the development of IgE-mediated asthma and other allergic diseases in the Czech population. A case-control approach was used in our study. DNA taken from subjects with clinically manifested asthma and other allergic diseases (n = 207) and from reference ethnically age-gender-matched unrelated subjects (n = 186) was examined for base deletions/insertions in the PAI-1 gene. RESULTS: A significant association (P = 0.0035) was observed between the PAI-1 promoter polymorphism and IgE-mediated allergic diseases altogether. Furthermore, the 4G allele frequency was also significantly higher in the asthmatic patients than in the control group (P = 0.0148). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the idea that the 4G allele of the 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene may be a risk factor for IgE-mediated asthma and allergic diseases.     

The 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is associated with severe preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is associated with thrombosis of the intervillous or spiral artery. A deletion/insertion polymorphism (4G or 5G) in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene is suggested to be involved in regulating the synthesis of the inhibitor, 4G allele, being associated with the enhanced gene expression and plasma PAI-1 levels. We assessed the association between preeclampsia and the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene in 115 preeclamptic patients, 210 pregnant controls, and 298 healthy volunteer controls. The frequency of the homozygotes for the 4G allele was significantly higher in the patients than in the control pregnant women (P = 0.04) or in the healthy volunteers (P = 0.02). The 4G allele frequency was also significantly higher in the patients than in the control group of pregnant women (P = 0.03) and in the healthy volunteers (P = 0.02). These results suggest that the presence of the 4G/4G genotype of the PAI-1 gene is one of the risk factors for preeclampsia. Received: October 14, 1999 / Accepted: January 4, 2000     

PAI-1启动子区4G/5G基因多态性、ACE插入/缺失多态性与脑卒中的相关性

目的探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)启动子区基因多态性和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)插入/缺失多态性与脑卒中的关系。方法 PCR检测203例脑卒中患者和139名健康对照者PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G多态性、ACE基因插入/缺失多态性,同时应用比色法测定血清ACE活性,发色底物法测定PAI-1活性。结果脑梗死(CI)组PAI-1活性(0.769±0.163 AU/mL)、ACE活性(43.42±14.36 U/L)明显高于对照组(0.652±0.116 AU/mL和31.28±8.64 U/L,P<0.01);CI组PAI-I基因4G纯合子、ACE D/I基因DD纯合子比例明显高于对照组(P<0.01);PAI-I基因4G/4G基因型与ACE基因D/D基因型对CI发病可相互协同作用(P<0.01)。结论 PAI-1基因4G/4G基因型和ACE基因D/D基因型均可能是CI发病的危险因素,且具有协同作用。     

The -675 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter polymorphism in house dust mite-sensitive allergic asthma patients

BACKGROUNd: Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 plays an important role in inflammation and tissue remodeling. Recently, the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism has been linked with asthma. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate associations of the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism with functional and immunologic parameters of newly diagnosed house dust mite-sensitive allergic asthmatics (HDM-AAs). METHODS: This study was performed in 127 HDM-AAs, who responded with at least 20% fall of forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV(1)) to a bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen and during the follow up observation fulfilled GINA criteria for mild-moderate asthma. About 89 healthy control nonatopic subjects (HCs) were used as controls. RESULTS: The frequency of 4G allele was greater in HDM-AAs (0.69; 95% CI: 0.62-0.76) than in HCs (0.55; 95% CI: 0.48-0.62; P = 0.0034). The PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of HDM-AA; adjusted for sex and age odds ratio was 2.62; (95% CI: 1.16-5.92) for 4G/5G genotype and 3.48 (95% CI: 1.54-7.89) for 4G/4G genotype compared with 5G/5G genotype. Total serum immunoglobulin E (tsIgE) level in 4G/4G homozygotes (557 +/- 343 kU/l) was significantly greater than in 5G/5G homozygotes (241 +/- 288 kU/l; P < 0.001). Both nonspecific and allergen-specific bronchial reactivities were greater in 4G/4G homozygotes than in 5G/5G homozygotes. 4G/4G genotype was associated with significantly higher morning plasma PAI-1 concentration in HDM-AAs and HCs. Morning plasma PAI-1 concentration correlated significantly with log(PC20) (r = -0.39; P = 0.0001) and with log(tsIgE) (r = 0.247; P = 0.0117). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis linking the 4G/4G PAI-1 genotype with an increased risk of allergic asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity, and increased tsIgE levels.