HBV特异性T细胞治疗慢性乙型肝炎的研究

为寻求一种治疗慢性乙型肝炎的新方法,应用ＨＢＶ特异性Ｔ细胞输注治疗慢性乙型肝炎９例,结果显示,在疗程结束后,患者的ＨＢｓＡｇ,ＨＢｅＡｇＨＢＶＤＮＡ的含量均有所下降,其中ＨＢｅＡｇ下降较明显,Ｐ〈０．０１,２例ＨＢｃＡｇ阳性患者,ＨＢｃＡｇ阴转,ＣＤ＾＋３,ＣＤ＾＋４,ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８ＮＫ活性上升,ＣＤ＾＋８,ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ较治疗前后所回复,表明特异性Ｔ细胞治疗慢性乙型肝炎有一定疗效,远期疗效     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者外周血T辅助细胞1,2型因子的表达

目的 了解慢性乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＣＤ＾＋４Ｔ细胞内Ｔ辅助细胞１,２型（Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２）因子,干扰素－γ（ＩＦＮ－γ）和白细胞介素－４（ＩＬ－４）的表达情况,以测定Ｔｈ０／Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２细胞的百分数,探明Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２细胞在慢性ＨＢＶ感染中的作用。方法 常规分离ＰＢＭＣ,在佛波二酯（ＰＭＡ）,Ｉｏｎｏｍｙｃｉｎ,Ｍｏｎｅｎｓｉｎ的刺激下,采用流式细胞检测仪（Ｆ     

CD4+NKT细胞在慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染中的意义

我们采用流式细胞术（ｆｌｏｗ ｃｙｔｏ－ｍｅｔｒｙ）对慢性ＨＢＶ感染者外周血ＣＤ４＋ＮＫ－Ｔ、ＣＤ８＋ＮＫ－Ｔ细胞的分布情况进行分析，并对细胞样品进行５１Ｃｒ细胞毒性试验，以鉴定其细胞毒性。 一、资料与方法 １．对象：病例为第一军医大学南方医院感染内科１９９９年５月至９月门涉及住院病人。选择慢性ＨＢＶ携带者（ＡｓＣ）１８例、经肝组织活检证实的慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（中度）（ＣＨＢ）１８例，正常对照组１２例取自门诊健康体检者。４８例受检者中女１４例，男３４例，年龄１７～４２岁（平均３２．４岁）；３６例慢…     

乙型肝炎患者免疫促进剂治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的…

对６２例慢乙肝患者Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞检测，并观察分别经ｉＲＮＡ、猪苓多糖及ＬＡＫ细胞治疗前后的细胞数量变化。结果发现治疗前ＣＤ＾＋４细胞降低，ＣＤ＾＋８细胞增高。ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８比值下降。治疗后ＣＤ＾＋４细胞及ＮＫ细胞增高，ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８比值上升，其中以ＬＡＫ细胞治疗效果显著，与ＨＢＶＭ转阴呈正相关。说明提高机体免疫功能对清除病毒有一定作用。     

合成多肽体外诱导乙肝病毒抗原特异性T杀伤细胞实验研究

目的及方法 为探讨ＨＢＶ抗原特异性细胞毒Ｔ细胞（ＨＢＶ－ＣＴＬ），根据ＨＢｃＡｇ的ＨＬＡ分子结合关键序列合成抗原多肽２段，分别与转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ），抗ＣＤ单克隆抗体（ＣＤ３ｍＡｂ）和ＩＬ－２联合体外诱导ＨＢＶ－ＣＴＬ，应用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法分别测定ＨＢＶ－ＣＴＬ对ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转染的ＨｅｐＧ２．２．１５细胞特异性活性及无ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转染的ＨｅＰＧ２细胞的非特异性杀伤率。结果 ＨＢＶ－ＣＴＬ对ＨＢＶＤ     

HIV/HBV合并感染患者的 CD4+T淋巴细胞计数与HBV DNA的关系

目的 了解人免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ） ／乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ） 合并感染者的 ＣＤ４ ＋ Ｔ 淋巴细胞与其基线肝功能和乙肝病毒（ ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ） 水平的关系。 方法 对尚未开始高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（ ＨＡＡＲＴ） 的ＨＩＶ ／ＨＢＶ 合并感染患者 ６９ 例进行基线 ＣＤ４ ＋ Ｔ 淋巴细胞、ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 检测。 结果 ＣＤ４ ＋ Ｔ 淋巴细胞≤１００个 ／μｌ 组患者的 ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 显著高于 ＣＤ４ ＋ Ｔ 淋巴细胞 ＞ １００ 个 ／μｌ 组（Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）。 ＣＤ４ ＋ Ｔ 淋巴细胞计数与ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 成负相关（ｒ ＝ － ０ ３４４,Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）。 结论 随着患者 ＡＩＤＳ 病情进展,ＨＩＶ ／ＨＢＶ 合并感染者的 ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ 复制水平增高。     

哮喘患者辅助T细胞活化与白细胞介素5释放

目的 了解过敏状态和哮喘状态下辅助（ＣＤ４＾＋）Ｔ细胞活化及白细胞介素５（ＩＬ－５）释放的原因和作用。方法 对过敏性哮喘组１２例（ＡＡ）、非过敏性哮喘组１０例（ＮＡＡ）、过敏性非哮喘组９例（ＡＮ）及正常对照组１０名（Ｎ）在有无抗原刺激下进行支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）细胞及周围血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）培养，比较组内和组间ＣＤ４＾＋Ｔ细胞活化（标志物ＣＤ２５＾＋）与ＩＬ－５释放水平。结果 ＰＢＭＣ在     

慢性重型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞内干扰素和白细胞介素的表达及意义

目的探讨慢性重型肝炎（ＣＳＨ）病人外用血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）内干扰素－γ（ＩＦＮ－γ）及白细胞介素－４（ＩＬ－４）的表达及其临床意义。方法常规分离ＰＢＭＣ,在ＰＭＡ、Ｉｏｎｏｍｙｃｉｎ、Ｍｏｎｅｎｓｉｎ的刺激下,采用流式细胞术（ＦＡＣＳ）,对１７例ＣＳＨ患者及１９例正常健康者ＣＤ４＋Ｔ细胞内ＩＦＮ－γ和ＩＬ－４的表达进行分析,并应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ含量。结果 ＣＤ４＋Ｔｈ１、 Ｔｈ２细胞在ＣＳＨ组分别为７．２％—２６．３％（平均１５％）和０、ｌ％—１０．９％（平均２．０％）,正常对照组则分别为２．２％—１１．９％（平均５．９％）和０．４％—３．９％（平均２．２％）;ＣＤ４＋Ｔｈ１细胞百分数两组间差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。荧光定量ＰＣＲ结果表明ＣＳＨ组中１３例ＨＢＶ　ＤＮＡ阳性,其ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ的含量与ＩＦＮ－γ表达细胞百分数呈负相关。结论 Ｔｈ１细胞与肝脏的炎症活动明显相关,ＩＦＮ－γ的表达对ＨＢＶ复制可能具有一定的影响。     

LAK细胞治疗慢性乙,丙型肝炎疗效及免疫机制研究

报道应用自体ＬＡＫ细胞回输治疗１１０例慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）和２０例慢性丙型肝炎（丙肝）的结果。疗程结束时慢性乙肝治疗组ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转率、抗－ＨＢｅ阳转率和ＨＢｖＤＮＡ阴转率分别为４６，４％、３５．５％和４８．２％，与对照组相比明显提高（Ｐ均〈０．００５）；２ｏ例慢性丙肝经治疗后抗－ＨＣＶ阴转２例（１０％），ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转４例（２０％），而对照组维持不变。进而对ＬＡＫ治疗的免疫机制进行探讨，结果发现ＬＡＫ治疗后ＣＡＨ患者ＣＤ＋４阳性率、ＣＤ＋４／ｃＤ＋８比值均增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），外周血单个核细胞膜白细胞介素－２受体（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒ）和血清中可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平也明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

HDV感染与HBV血清标志物的关系

目的分析ＨＤＶ感染与ＨＢＶ血清标志物的关系方法选ＨＢＶ血清标志物阳性患者，同时进行ＨＤＶ感染的检测．供血员做正常对照．ＨＤＶ感染和ＨＢＶ血清标志物皆用相应酶联免疫吸附实验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）．结果２８９例ＨＢＶ血清标志物阳性患者中，有４０例ＨＤＶ感染阳性，阳性率为１３８％．在ＨＢＳＡｂ（＋）组，无ＨＤＶ感染阳性者检出；在ＨＢＳＡｇ（＋）或ＨＢＣＡｂ（＋）或ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）组患者中，ＨＤＶ感染阳性率分别达１７６％，１８８％、２５２％，明显高于ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）组（１０９％）；并且ＨＤＶ感染阳性率在ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）患者中，高达２６２％，明显高于ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）者（１０９％）．结论①ＨＤＶ感染性率在ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｂ（＋）患者中高于ＨＢＳＡｇ·ＨＢＣＡｂ·ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）患者．②ＨＤＶ感染阳性率与ＨＢＶ复制的速度和数量不全相关．     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.