灯盏花素抗小鼠脑缺氧作用

目的研究灯盏花素(Breviscapine)对小鼠脑缺氧的保护作用。方法10,20 mg/kg灯盏花素连续灌胃(Intragastric infusion,ig)小鼠7 d,各组小鼠分别腹腔注射(Introperitoneal injection,ip)200 mg/kg NaNO2或断头,记录小鼠ip NaNO2后存活时间和断头后张口呼吸的持续时间。结果10,20 mg/kg灯盏花素使ip 200 mg/kg NaNO2小鼠的存活时间比空白对照组延长83.9%和4.93%;10,20 mg/kg灯盏花素两个剂量组小鼠断头后张口呼吸的持续时间分别是空白对照组的1.60和1.30倍。结论灯盏花素对小鼠ip NaNO2和断头引起的脑缺氧具有保护作用。     

蛇床子素对阿霉素心脏毒性的影响

目的研究蛇床子素对阿霉素引起的心脏毒性的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法用给SD大鼠ip阿霉素（ADR）的方法复制ADR心脏毒性模型。采用颈总动脉插管的方法,用十六导生理记录仪测定大鼠的血流动力学各项指标,酶促反应定磷比色法测定心肌肌浆网（SR）Ca^2＋-ATP酶的活性。结果蛇床子素对ADR引起的心脏毒性大鼠的血流动力学有明显改善作用,能显著升高心肌SRCa^2＋-ATP酶的活性。结论蛇床子素对ADR引起的心脏毒性有保护作用,其作用机制可能与激活SR膜Ca^2＋-ATP酶、促进Ca^2＋储备、降低胞浆中Ca^2＋浓度、阻止Ca^2＋超载有关。     

华蟾素拮抗阿霉素心脏毒性及其作用机制

目的研究华蟾素拮抗阿霉素的心脏毒性,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为阿霉素组、右丙亚胺组、华蟾素低剂量组、华蟾素高剂量组,各组均予阿霉素2mg/kg隔天腹腔注射,建立心肌损伤模型,并给予相应药物干预处理。观察各组大鼠一般情况,检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、心肌酶（LDH、GOT、CK）,观测心肌病理的改变。结果与阿霉素组比较,华蟾素低剂量组可以促使大鼠SOD活性显著升高（P〈0.01）,MDA水平显著降低（P〈0.05）,促使LDH水平显著降低（P〈0.01）;可以减轻心肌细胞颗粒变性、炎性细胞浸润等组织损伤,保护线粒体等重要细胞器。右丙亚胺组与华蟾素低剂量组比较无显著差异,华蟾素高剂量组未能获得与低剂量组相同的结果。结论华蟾素通过提高SOD,清除自由基,抑制脂质过氧化反应,可以拮抗阿霉素所致的心脏毒性。     

灯盏花素作用机制研究进展

灯盏花素（Breviscapine）是从菊科飞蓬属植物短亭飞蓬[Erigeron breviscapus （vant） Hand Mass]灯盏细辛中提炼的黄酮类混合物,具有抗缺血损伤、抗血小板聚集、改善器官血流动力学和微循环等多方面作用,在缺血性心脑血管疾病上的应用比较广泛。本篇对近十年来灯盏花素的作用机制的研究进行综述。     

阿霉素心脏毒性的中医防治

阿霉素属蒽环类抗肿瘤药物,临床上用于治疗多种肿瘤如白血病、淋巴瘤等疗效显著,是治疗实体肿瘤最有效的药物之一.但阿霉素引起的毒副作用限制了其临床应用,如心脏毒性、骨髓抑制、消化道和肾脏毒性等,其中尤以心脏毒性更为危险.     

黄芪注射液拮抗阿霉素心脏毒性作用的研究

目的：研究黄芪注射液对阿霉素心脏毒性的保护作用及其机制。方法：采用阿霉素体外损伤大鼠心肌线粒体和体内小鼠心脏毒性两种模型,应用生化方法测定黄芪注射液对其心脏毒性的保护作用。结果：阿霉素体外引起大鼠心肌线粒体丙二醛（MDA）水平升高,谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量降低及线粒体肿胀等,黄芪注射液对上述损伤有明显的保护作用。体内实验表明,黄芪注射液对阿霉素引起的小鼠心肌线粒体丙二醛（MDA）、血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、门冬氨酸氨基转移菌（AST）活性水平增高及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性降低等损伤均有较好的保护作用。结论：黄芪注射液能拮抗阿霉素引起的心脏毒性,为临床应用黄芪注射液作为抗肿瘤辅助药物提供了实验依据。     

中药防治阿霉素心脏毒性的作用机制及应用

蒽环类抗肿瘤药阿霉素(adriamycin,ADR)抗肿瘤谱广,已被广泛用于急性淋巴细胞白血病、肺癌、乳腺癌等多种类型肿瘤病证的治疗,疗效显著。但ADR呈现出广泛严重的机体毒性,尤其是其在心肌细胞中累积,使得心肌组织更易受到ADR的损害,并呈剂量依赖的不可逆损伤特性,极大地限制了ADR用于临床治疗的使用剂量,并增加了癌症治疗幸存者心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。目前认为,ADR的心肌毒性是多种因素共同作用的结果,如活性氧自由基的大量生成、钙过载、线粒体损伤、凋亡和自噬等。这些因素之间相互联系、互为因果,形成恶性循环网络,共同促进其心脏毒性的发展。迄今为止,没有一种单一的药物或是方法可以特别有效地预防ADR引起的心脏毒性而不降低其抗癌疗效。因此,寻找一种更安全有效的拮抗ADR心脏毒性的药物或方法仍是一个严峻的挑战。中药具有多靶点多效应的作用特性,可通过抗氧化应激,清除自由基,调节钙的代谢,保护线粒体损伤和拮抗心肌细胞凋亡等多种方式发挥综合作用。近年来,关于中药及其效应成分保护或减轻ADR引起心脏毒性的研究报道较多,作用机制研究也取得了长足的进步。因此,本文就近10年来中药在防治ADR心脏毒性方面的应用及作用机制研究进行归纳总结,以为临床中药配伍ADR更安全合理的使用提供一定的参考。     

大鼠灌胃灯盏花素后血浆、胆汁、尿液以及粪便中代谢产物的鉴定

目的 对大鼠灌胃灯盏花素后收集的血浆、胆汁、尿液以及粪便中存在的灯盏乙素的代谢产物进行鉴定.方法 通过使用HPLC结合光电二极管阵列检测器(DAD),采用梯度洗脱的方法 ,对比分析给药组大鼠和空白组大鼠的血浆、胆汁、尿液以及粪便样品,并且在相同的液相色谱条件下与对照品的保留时间和紫外吸收特征进行对照来鉴定主要代谢产物.结果 从大鼠ig 20、200 mg/kg灯盏花素的血浆中鉴定了代谢产物野黄芩素-6-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(scutellarein-6-O-β-D-glucuronide,M5);从大鼠ig 20、200 mg/kg灯盏花素的胆汁中鉴定了代谢产物野黄芩素-6,7-O-β-D-二葡萄糖醛酸苷(scutellarein-6,7-di-O-β-D-glucuronide,M1)、6-O-甲基-灯盏乙素(6-O-methylscutellarin,M3)、、野黄芩素-6-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(scutellarein-6-O-β-D-glucuronide,M5)和灯盏乙素(黄芩素苷,scutellarin,M7),从大鼠ig 20 mg/kg灯盏花素的尿液中鉴定了代谢产物野黄芩素-6,7-O-β-D-二葡萄糖醛酸苷(scutellarein-6,7-di-O-β-D-glucuronide,M1),从大鼠ig 200 mg/kg灯盏花素的尿液中鉴定了代谢产物野黄芩素-6,7-O-β-D-二葡萄糖醛酸苷(scutellarein-6,7-di-O-β-D-glucuronide,M1)、野黄芩素(scutellarein,M2)和灯盏乙素(scutellarin,M7);从大鼠ig 200 mg/kg灯盏花素的粪便中鉴定了代谢产物野黄芩素(scutellarein,M2).结论 灯盏乙素在大鼠体内发生了广泛的代谢,并且主要以其代谢产物的形式存在;灯盏乙素在大鼠体内产生的代谢产物主要通过尿液和胆汁排泄.     

灯盏花素对离体家兔心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察灯盏花素对缺血再灌注离体兔心的保护作用.方法采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注,建立离体家兔心肌缺血再灌注模型,观察灯盏花素对冠脉流量、流出液中肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量和心脏组织病理学的影响.结果灯盏花素(10,25 mg/L)可明显增加缺血再灌后冠脉流量,减少心肌细胞内CK、LDH的漏出,对抗心肌组织病理学改变.结论灯盏花素对离体家兔缺血再灌注损伤的心肌具有保护作用.     

Protective effect of Spirulina against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

The generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Spirulina, a blue-green algae, could serve as a cardioprotective agent during DOX treatment in a mouse model. Mice were treated with DOX (4 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally), weekly, for 4 weeks. Spirulina was administered orally for 3 days twice daily, then for 7 weeks along with the four equal injections of DOX. Cardiotoxicity was assessed, at 3 weeks after the end of the DOX-treatment period, by mortality, volume of ascites, liver congestion, oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes of heart tissue. The DOX-treated animals showed higher mortality (53%) and more ascites. Myocardial damage, as assessed by ultrastructural changes, showed loss of myofibrils, cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling. Myocardial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased and lipid peroxidation was increased. Pretreatment with Spirulina significantly protected the mice from DOX-induced cardiotoxic effects as evidenced from lower mortality (26%), less ascites, lower levels of lipid peroxidation, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and ultrastructural studies showing minimal damage to the heart. In vitro cytotoxic studies using ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that Spirulina did not compromise the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin. These results suggest that Spirulina has a protective effect against cardiotoxicity induced by DOX and it may, therefore, improve the therapeutic index of DOX.     

Protective effects of lycopene and tomato extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

The protective effect of tomato extract and lycopene on acute doxorubicin (DOX) myocardial toxicity was evaluated in mice. DOX toxicity, induced by a single intraperitoneal injection (15 mg/kg), was revealed by an elevated serum CPK(MB) and histopathological observations. Tomato extract (1.2 and 2.4 g/kg, i.p.) and lycopene (1.7 and 3.5 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the rise in serum CPK(MB) and ameliorated cardiac cell injury. These results suggest that tomato extract and lycopene inhibit DOX cardiotoxicity and might serve as a novel combination chemotherapeutic agent with DOX to limit free radical-mediated organ injury.     

Protective effect of Lycium barbarum on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

The objective of this work was to explore the hypothesis that Lycium barbarum (LB) may be protective against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through antioxidant-mediated mechanisms. Male SD rats were treated with distilled water or a water extract of LB (25 mg/kg, p.o.) daily and saline or DOX (5 mg/kg, i.v.) weekly for 3 weeks. Mortality, general condition and body weight were observed during the experiment. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was assessed by electrocardiograph, heart antioxidant activity, serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and histopathological change. The DOX group showed higher mortality (38%) and worse physical characterization. Moreover, DOX caused myocardial injury manifested by arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities in ECG (increased QT and ST intervals and ST elevation), a decrease of heart antioxidant activity, an increase of serum CK and AST, as well as myocardial lesions. Pretreatment with LB significantly prevented the loss of myofibrils and improved the heart function of the DOX-treated rats as evidenced from lower mortality (13%), normalization of antioxidative activity and serum AST and CK, as well as improving arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. These results suggested that LB elicited a typical cardioprotective effect on DOX-related oxidative stress. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxic study showed the antitumor activity of DOX was not compromised by LB. It is possible that LB could be used as a useful adjunct in combination with DOX chemotherapy.     

Didymin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of didymin (Did) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: After pretreatment with Did (2, 4, 8 mg/kg intraperitoneal i.p.) for 7 d, the male C57 mice were injected with single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg i.p.). The cardioprotective effect of Did was observed on the 7th day after DOX treatment. Results: DOX delayed body growth and caused cardiac tissue injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Similar experiments in H9C2 cardiomyocytes showed that DOX reduced cell viability, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fragmentation of DNA, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, all of these adverse effects were suppressed by Did pretreatment. Did increased protein expression of glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCL), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Besides, Did also induced activation of PI3K/AKT. Conclusion: These findings indicated Did prevented DOX-induced cardiac injury and apoptosis via activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway.     

银杏叶提取物(EGb761)拮抗阿霉素引起的心脏毒性不影响其抗肿瘤活性

 目的：研究银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对阿霉素心脏毒性以及抗肿瘤活性的影响。方法：采用阿霉素体外损伤大鼠心脏线粒体和体内小鼠心脏毒性两种模型,应用生化方法和电镜观察药物作用。结果：阿霉素体外引起大鼠心脏线粒体丙二醛生成、腺苷三磷酸酶活性丧失、膜流动性降低、膜线粒体肿胀、溶解等,EGb761对上述毒性损伤均有明显的保护作用。体内实验表明,EGb761能剂量依赖性地抑制阿霉素引起的小鼠心肌脂质过氧化和血清肌酸磷酸激酶活性升高。荷瘤鼠存活期实验表明,EGb761对阿霉素抗肿瘤活性无明显影响。结论：EGb761拮抗阿霉素引起的心脏毒性但不影响其抗肿瘤活性,这对临床应用EGb761以减轻阿霉素对心脏毒性的可能性提供了实验依据。     

中医药防治蒽环类抗肿瘤药物所致心脏毒性研究进展

综述中医药防治蒽环类抗肿瘤药物所致心脏毒性研究进展。蒽环类抗肿瘤药物是引起化疗后心脏毒性的最常见药物,通过文献检索,对目前中医药防治蒽环类药物心脏毒性的研究进展进行分析,发现单味中药、复方及中药注射剂均具有一定的防治蒽环类药物所致心脏毒性的作用。     

Antarth, a polyherbal preparation protects against the doxorubicin-induced toxicity without compromising its Antineoplastic activity

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline drug widely used for the treatment of various cancers, causes a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity that is characterized by an irreversible dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Antarth (ANT) a polyherbal preparation was evaluated for its cardioprotective properties against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Mice were treated with 25 mg/kg ANT orally once daily for 5 consecutive days before a single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg doxorubicin. The animals were killed 30 h after DOX treatment. DOX induced a significant elevation in the serum levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating its acute cardiotoxicity. The treatment of mice with ANT before DOX administration significantly reduced the serum levels of GPT, GOT, CK-MB and LDH indicating that ANT protected against the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Pretreatment of mice with 25 mg/kg ANT inhibited the DOX-induced decline in the antioxidant status. Intraperitoneal injection of 1.25 mg/kg DOX once daily for 9 consecutive days significantly improved the survival of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Treatment of EAC with 25 mg/kg ANT alone did not affect the anticancer activity of DOX since ANT did not alter the tumor cell growth, the median survival time and average survival time of tumor bearing mice. The present study demonstrates that ANT protects mice against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, without compromising the antineoplastic activity of DOX.     

通脉养心丸减轻阿霉素致小鼠急性心脏毒性的作用研究

[目的]探究通脉养心丸对阿霉素致急性心脏毒性小鼠的保护作用。[方法]通过对小鼠单次腹腔注射阿霉素20 mg/kg,建立阿霉素致急性心脏毒性小鼠模型。对比空白对照组、阿霉素组、阿霉素+通脉养心丸低、中、高剂量组小鼠给予阿霉素后第3天、第12天的一般情况,观察心脏超声、血清心肌酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌钙蛋白I(cTn-Ⅰ)和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量以及组织病理学变化。[结果]与空白对照组相比,阿霉素组小鼠体质量降低,死亡率升高,左室射血分数（EF）,左室短轴缩短率（FS）均降低,血清CK、LDH值和血清cTn-Ⅰ含量升高,血清SOD含量降低,组织病理学结果显示阿霉素组小鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,肌原纤维丢失,核周空泡化和细胞质空泡化。与阿霉素组相比,通脉养心丸各剂量组小鼠死亡率降低,生存时间延长,EF、FS值升高,血清CK、LDH值和血清cTn-Ⅰ含量降低,血清SOD含量升高,组织病理学的结果显示心肌损伤程度逐渐减轻,心肌细胞较为完整,心肌组织明显改善。[结论]通脉养心丸能够减轻阿霉素诱导的急性心脏毒性。     

茶多酚对阿霉素心脏毒性的保护作用及其机制的研究

 目的：探讨茶多酚(tea polyphenols,TP)减轻阿霉素心脏毒性的作用及其机制。方法：以病理记分法记录心肌损害程度;用TBA法测定大鼠心肌组织的脂质过氧化水平;用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定心肌组织、红细胞的SOD活力;用DTNB法测定心肌GSH-Px活力。结果：阿霉素两周累积用量16mg·kg^-1（第2天,第4天1mg·kg^-1;第6天,第8天2mg·kg^-1;第10天,第12天3mg·kg^-1;第14天4mg·kg^-1;ip可致大鼠心肌损害,心肌MDA水平升高,GSH-Px活性下降,心肌和红细胞SOD活性降低,TP28,56和84mg·kg^-1具有减轻阿霉素所致的大鼠心肌毒性作用。结论：茶多酚减轻阿霉素心肌毒性机制可能与其清除自由基作用、保护心肌SOD及GSH-Px活性有关,从而有效地对抗阿霉素引起的大鼠心肌脂质过氧化有关。     

基于分子生物学及代谢组学的柴胡注射液抗肝癌作用机制研究

目的 探究柴胡注射液抑制肝癌细胞增殖及诱导其凋亡的作用与机制。方法 体外培养人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞与人正常肝细胞（LO-2）,给予不同质量浓度的柴胡注射液干预,MTT法与划痕实验检测细胞增殖和迁移;采用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡;采用qRT-PCR及Western blotting技术检测与周期阻滞、凋亡及迁移相关的基因与蛋白表达;代谢组学技术检测柴胡注射液干预前后肝癌细胞内源性差异物的变化,采用京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）分析柴胡注射液调节的代谢通路。结果 柴胡注射液（100～450 mg/mL）显著抑制肝癌细胞增殖（P＜0.01、0.001）,使细胞阻滞于S期与G₂期（P＜0.05）,促进肝癌细胞凋亡（P＜0.001）,抑制肝癌细胞迁移（P＜0.05、0.001）,表明柴胡注射液具有显著的抗肝癌作用。柴胡注射液显著降低肝癌细胞中神经元PAS结构域蛋白2（neuronal pas domain protein 2,NPAS2）、细胞分裂周期蛋白25A（cell division cycle 25A,CDC25A）、周期蛋白依赖激酶2（cyclin-dependent kinase 2,CDK2）、细胞周期蛋白A（cyclin A）、CDC25B、CDK1、cyclin B1 mRNA表达（P＜0.01、0.001）,下调NPAS2、CDC25A、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）蛋白表达（P＜0.001）,上调Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax）、细胞色素C（cytochrome-C,Cyt-C）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（cystein-asparate protease-3,Caspase-3）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1）蛋白表达（P＜0.01、0.001）。代谢组学结果显示,柴胡注射液干预核苷酸代谢、脂质代谢途径、糖酵解途径、氨基酸代谢途径、脂肪酸代谢途径等。结论 柴胡注射液对SMMC-7721细胞有阻滞及促凋亡的作用,其可能的机制为下调NPAS2-CDC25A使细胞阻滞于S期,下调CDC25B、CDK1、cyclin B1使细胞处于G₂期阻滞,下调MMP-9/TIMP-1值抑制肝癌细胞迁移,调节核苷酸、脂质与氨基酸代谢等通路,从而诱导肝癌细胞凋亡。