气象因素对急性心肌梗塞发病的影响

气象因素对急性心肌梗塞发病的影响河北省沧州地区医院张振岭，戈继业，张玉英，胡晓红在临床实践中人们注意到气象因素对急性心肌梗塞（ＡｃｕｔｅＭｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌＩｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ，ＡＷＩ）发病有很大影响，男女ＡＭＩ发病具有季节与昼夜节律性。国内外也相继...     

气象因素对高血压性脑出血发病的影响

背景：临床工作中发现脑出血与气象、气候关系较密切。目的：探讨气象对高血压性脑出血的影响，为脑出血的预防提供理论依据和预防措施。设计：以诊断为依据的横断面研究。地点、对象和方法：收集1998-01／2000-12海军杭州疗养院和浙江大学医学院附属二院62例高血压性脑出血患者发病时间与同期杭州地区气象因素的关系进行调查并作比较分析。主要观察指标：杭州地区1998／2000各月平均气温、气压及相对湿度的分析及其与脑出血发病的关系。结果：在全年气温低、气压高的1，2，12月份高血压性脑出血发病率最高(37／62)，气温高、气压低的7，8，9月份发病率最低(6／62)，差异有显著性意义(P&;lt;0．001)。而气湿高的1，3，6月脑出血发病率(17／62)与气湿低的2，4，5月(18／62)比较，差异无明显意义(P&;gt;0．05)。结论：气象因素与高血压脑出血有关，低气温、高气压可能是诱发高血压性脑出血的原因之一。     

顺德桂洲地区气象因素对脑卒中发病的影响

为探讨气象因素对脑卒中发病的影响，我们对280例脑卒中住院病人发病时间和气象因素的关系作单相关和多元逐步回归分析，以明确其发病与气象因素的相关关系，为脑卒中的防治提供科学依据。1资料和方法1．1诊断标准：完全参照《国内脑血管疾病诊断要点》[1]，96．8%的病人经CT检查确诊。1．2研究人群：全部病人均来自广东省顺德市桂洲地区．从1993年1月1日～1995年12月31日止，共280例，年龄23～91岁，男163例。女117例。经抽样调查，桂洲地区脑卒中病人在1993～1995年内住院率平均为90．7％，各月份之间无明显差异（P＞0．05）。1．3气象…     

气象因素对高血压性脑出血发病的影响

背景临床工作中发现脑出血与气象、气候关系较密切.目的探讨气象对高血压性脑出血的影响,为脑出血的预防提供理论依据和预防措施.设计以诊断为依据的横断面研究.地点、对象和方法收集1998-01/2000-12海军杭州疗养院和浙江大学医学院附属二院62例高血压性脑出血患者发病时间与同期杭州地区气象因素的关系进行调查并作比较分析.主要观察指标杭州地区1998/2000各月平均气温、气压及相对湿度的分析及其与脑出血发病的关系.结果在全年气温低、气压高的1,2,12月份高血压性脑出血发病率最高(37/62),气温高、气压低的7,8,9月份发病率最低(6/62),差异有显著性意义(P＜0.001).而气湿高的1,3,6月脑出血发病率(17/62)与气湿低的2,4,5月(18/62)比较,差异无明显意义(P＞0.05).结论气象因素与高血压脑出血有关,低气温、高气压可能是诱发高血压性脑出血的原因之一.     

浅谈东北地区虫媒传染病的防治

虫媒传染病是以蚊、蠓、蜱、螨、虱、蚤、白蛉等昆虫节肢动物的吸血叮咬引起感染为主要特征的一类传染病。如在东北地区蚊子传播流行性乙型脑炎；全沟硬蜱传播森林脑炎病等。有迹象表明越来越严重。下面谈一下虫媒传染病的防治：     

2008-2012年贵州省乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行现状与分析

目的分析2008-2012年贵州省乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病的流行病学特征,为预防和控制该类传染病提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,根据2008-2012年贵州省报告乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病资料进行分析。结果 2008-2012年贵州省9个地(州、市)共报告乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病9种6034例,年均报告发病率3.25/10万,各年度报告发病率分别为5.36/10万、4.99/10万、2.66/10万、2.00/10万和1.22/10万,报告发病率逐年下降;报告死亡1192例,年均报告死亡率0.65/10万。报告发病率居前3位的地(州、市)为黔南州(9.27/10万)、黔东南州(5.30/10万)、黔西南州(4.59/10万)。报告发病数居前3位的病种为疟疾2714例、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)1558例和狂犬病1118例,占全部病例的89.33%。疟疾发病集中在黔南、黔东南、黔西南州。乙脑病例主要为10岁以下儿童,发病时间集中在7-9月,其中8月为发病高峰。狂犬病病例以农民为主,占狂犬病报告发病总数的61.81%。2008-2012年共报告人感染高致病性禽流感病例3例,均明确有禽类接触史。结论贵州省乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病总体呈逐年下降趋势,但布病报告率逐年上升,流行性乙型脑炎、狂犬病报告发病率仍居全国前3位,发病有明显的季节性和人群分布特征,应实施重点人群、重点区域、重点疾病、重点环节的防控策略,以预防和控制该类疾病的发生和流行。     

气象因素对急性心肌梗塞发病的影响及因时护理措施

对于处于东北寒冷地区的沈阳市急性心肌梗塞发病与气温、气压、相对湿度3大气象因素进行单相关分析。结果表明：急性心肌梗塞的发病以高温、高湿、低气压的夏季最多。急性心肌梗塞发病与气温呈曲线相关（r＝0．7463P＜0．01）；与气压呈负相关（r＝-0．7300P＜0．05）；与相对湿度呈正相关（r＝0.6466P＜0.01）。提示沈阳市急性心肌梗塞的发病在夏季平均气温20℃以上，平均气压1010以下，相对湿度70％以上的条件下发病明显增高。因此心肌梗塞患者要减少在高温、寒冷环境下活动时间，要做到“夏病春治，冬病秋治”，未病先防，顺应四时气候变化，不同季节采取不同的护理措施，避免因气象因子的影响而导致急性心肌梗塞的发生。     

气象因素对呼吸道疾病的影响及预报研究

目的　研究气象条件对呼吸道疾病发病影响,并建立最佳预报模型。方法　收集湖州市2006年呼吸道疾病发病资料以及同期气象资料,进行Spearman相关分析;采用决策树自动交互检测方法（AID）建立预报模型,并对模型进行评价。结果　相关分析显示,最低气温、水汽压、相对湿度、最小湿度、降水量、日照时数与呼吸道疾病存在相关性,按周建立气象因素与呼吸道疾病预报模型和三个预警等级,预报模型拟合结果IR/Isup2/sup=0.3857。结论　呼吸道疾病发病与气象因素密切相关,按周建立预警、预报模型效果较好,可行性较佳。     

影响太原市传染病网络直报质量因素分析

目的 分析影响传染病网络直报数据质量的因素.方法 从疾病监测信息报告管理系统中获取太原市2006年1～12月各级各类医疗机构报告的传染病报告卡,将报告卡导出为Excel格式,对不同等级医疗机构及不同报告方式报告的传染病卡的及时性、完整性、准确性进行统计分析.结果 太原市传染病网络直报工作质量主要存在报告时间长、报告卡填写不完整、县(区)疾病控制机构审核不够及时等问题.影响报告质量的报告病种主要是乙肝、肺结核、细菌性痢疾.公休日影响报告的及时审核.结论 应尽快减少传染病报告的影响因素.     

大连地区受气象因素影响的一些疾病发病情况调查

目的气象因素可直接或间接地使人致病，作者进行调查研究的目的是为了摸清大连地区与气象因素有关疾病的发病规律。方法作者于１９８８年１月～１９９０年１月，对大连地区１５所医院受气象因素影响的疾病，如感冒、冠心病等发病情况进行了调查。结果和结论调查结果表明，感冒、支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺炎、冠心病、阑尾炎、胆道感染、糖尿病、荨麻疹、溃疡病的发病与气象因素有非常密切关系，气候突然变化，发病增多，本调查基本换清了这１０种疾病的发病规律。     

从血液流变学的变化来看气象因素与疾病的关系

本文报导了高血压病和冠心病20例,他们在病情和用药及饮食等方面均无重大改变,在同一个人,分别于不同的气候条件下,如:夏季(7、8、9三个月)和冬季(12、1、2三个月)记录每天的气象情况,如:气温、气压、湿度等.然后再将测得之结果加以对照。统计学处理结果,显示冬季的血粘度等指标明显高于夏季的血粘度,具有非常的显著性差异。血粘度等指标的明显增高,是心肌梗塞、冠心病及脑梗塞等血栓性疾病发病先兆的客观指标。这一点与医学界认为在冬季,心血管疾病的发病率高于夏季的观点是一致的。因此,在不同的气候情况下,尤其是在冬季,经常测定和观察患者的血液流变学的各项指标,对预防和治疗各种心血管疾病和脑血管意外是十分重要和非常有价值的。     

Major factors affecting the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases

The diversity of infectious disease threats currently facing humanity is unprecedented because of the remarkable emergence and reemergence of pathogens worldwide. Because of population mobility, globalization of commerce and the food supply, and the effects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, infections in the developing world must be addressed to prevent infections in industrialized countries. Because pathogens do not recognize national boundaries, the rapidity with which individuals can circumnavigate the globe incubating infections makes the control of communicable diseases an enormous challenge for governments as well as for the public and primary health care systems. A global strategy for dealing with infectious disease threats must be developed and implemented as soon as possible.     

住院传染病患者自杀意念的危险因素调查

目的：探讨住院传染病患者自杀原因及行为规律,及时预防住院传染病患者不良事件的发生,为医院提供相关干预及防范措施依据。方法采用自制的住院传染病患者自杀行为危险因素调查表对2010年3月—2013年10月收治的657例患者进行问卷调查,分析住院传染病患者产生自杀意念的危险因素。结果在657例被调查者中有48例产生过自杀意念,占7.31%。医疗保险报销比例为0%~20%、个人月收入低于3000元、有精神病史、患者自评本次疾病严重、疾病康复希望差、制定过自杀计划、有既往自杀史7项因素是住院传染病患者产生自杀意念的危险因素(χ2值分别为6.206,6.021,6.520,4.937,7.597,4.404,4.416;P<0．05)。结论伴有精神疾病、对疾病康复的绝望、疾病所致经济压力大是住院传染病患者产生自杀意念的主要原因。     

Emerging infectious diseases: vulnerabilities, contributing factors and approaches

We live in an ever more connected global village linked through international travel, politics, economics, culture and human-human and human-animal interactions. The realization that the concept of globalization includes global exposure to disease-causing agents that were formerly confined to small, remote areas and that infectious disease outbreaks can have political, economic and social roots and effects is becoming more apparent. Novel infectious disease microbes continue to be discovered because they are new or newly recognized, have expanded their geographic range, have been shown to cause a new disease spectrum, have jumped the species barrier from animals to humans, have become resistant to antimicrobial agents, have increased in incidence or have become more virulent. These emerging infectious disease microbes may have the potential for use as agents of bioterrorism. Factors involved in the emergence of infectious diseases are complex and interrelated and involve all classifications of organisms transmitted in a variety of ways. In 2003, outbreaks of interest included severe acute respiratory syndrome, monkeypox and avian influenza. Information from the human genome project applied to microbial organisms and their hosts will provide new opportunities for detection, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and prognosis. New technology related not only to genetics but also to satellite and monitoring systems will play a role in weather, climate and the approach to environmental manipulations that influence factors contributing to infectious disease emergence and control. Approaches to combating emerging infectious diseases include many disciplines, such as animal studies, epidemiology, immunology, ecology, environmental studies, microbiology, pharmacology, other sciences, health, medicine, public health, nursing, cultural, political and social studies, all of which must work together. Appropriate financial support of the public health infrastructure including surveillance, prevention, communication, adherence techniques and the like will be needed to support efforts to address emerging infectious disease threats.     

Emerging infectious diseases: vulnerabilities,contributing factors and approaches

We live in an ever more connected global village linked through international travel, politics, economics, culture and human–human and human–animal interactions. The realization that the concept of globalization includes global exposure to disease-causing agents that were formerly confined to small, remote areas and that infectious disease outbreaks can have political, economic and social roots and effects is becoming more apparent. Novel infectious disease microbes continue to be discovered because they are new or newly recognized, have expanded their geographic range, have been shown to cause a new disease spectrum, have jumped the species barrier from animals to humans, have become resistant to antimicrobial agents, have increased in incidence or have become more virulent. These emerging infectious disease microbes may have the potential for use as agents of bioterrorism. Factors involved in the emergence of infectious diseases are complex and interrelated and involve all classifications of organisms transmitted in a variety of ways. In 2003, outbreaks of interest included severe acute respiratory syndrome, monkeypox and avian influenza. Information from the human genome project applied to microbial organisms and their hosts will provide new opportunities for detection, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and prognosis. New technology related not only to genetics but also to satellite and monitoring systems will play a role in weather, climate and the approach to environmental manipulations that influence factors contributing to infectious disease emergence and control. Approaches to combating emerging infectious diseases include many disciplines, such as animal studies, epidemiology, immunology, ecology, environmental studies, microbiology, pharmacology, other sciences, health, medicine, public health, nursing, cultural, political and social studies, all of which must work together. Appropriate financial support of the public health infrastructure including surveillance, prevention, communication, adherence techniques and the like will be needed to support efforts to address emerging infectious disease threats.     

Immunotherapies in infectious diseases

The development of an infection involves interplay between the host's immune system and the virulence of the infecting microorganism. The traditional treatment of an infection involves antimicrobial chemotherapy to kill the organism. The use of immunotherapies in infections includes treatment options that modulate the immune response and can lead to control of infections. These therapies are expected to become more important therapeutic options with the increase in infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms and the increasing number of immunocompromised patients.