中国人群血管紧张素转换酶基因与血管紧张素Ⅱ—1型受体基因A^1160—C单核苷酸多态性分析

目的：研究血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因Alu插入（I）／缺失（D）多态性与血管紧张素Ⅱ－1型受体（AT1R）基因A^1166-C单核苷酸多态性（SNP）在中国人群中的分布状态。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）及PCR－限制性片段长度多态性（PCR－RFLP）方法对中国人群ACE基因Alu I/D多态性和AT1R基因A^1166-C SNP频率进行分析比较。结果：中国人群的ACE基因各基因型频率Ⅱ型37．0％，ID型40．5％，DD型22．5％；I，D各等位基因型频率分别为57．3％，42．7％。AT1R基因A^1166-C SNP频率分布：AA型76．5％，AC型23．4％，CC型0．1％；等位基因频率A88．2％，C型11．8％。结论：中国人群ACE基因Alu I/D与AT1R基因A^1166-C的SNP频率的分布有明显的种族差异。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体A1166C多态性与高血压左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（AT1R）A1166C多态性与高血压及高血压左心室肥厚的关系。方法 选取249例原发性高血压患者进行超声心动图检查和AT1RA1166C多态性测定。结果 AA基因型患者收缩压较AC＋CC基因型高，差异具有显著性（P=0．006）；舒张压具有同样趋势（P=0．342）。高血压人群中，AA基因型与AC＋CC基因型相比，左心室内径、室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室质量及左心室质量指数差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 中国原发性高血压人群中，AT1R基因A1166C多态性AA基因型可能与血压升高有关；可能与中国人群原发性高血压左心室肥厚无关。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态与子痫前期的相关性

目的：探讨肾素-血管紧张素系统基因中血管紧张素原（ACT）基因M235T多态、血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶（ACE）基因插入，缺失（I／D）多态和血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体（AT。R）基因A1166C多态与子痫前期的关系。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（vca）、限制性酶切及电泳分型等方法对45例子痫前期患者（子痫前期组）和45例非高血压妊娠妇女（对照组）的AGT基因M235T多态、ACE基因Ⅰ/D多态、AT1R基因A1166C多态性进行分析。结果：（1）AGTM235T多态的TT基因频率两组比较差异有显著性。（2）ACE基因DD、ID、Ⅱ型在两组中分布无明显差异。（3）AT1R基因A1166CAA、AC、CC型在两组中分布无明显差异。（4）子痫前期组具备TT基因型者，其合并DD基因型的95％口为1．473—31．919，合并1166C等位基因C的95％CI为1．316～18．991。结论：AGT变异基因235T与子痛前期发生有关，T等位基因可能是子痫前期的易感基因。ACE基因DD型与子痫前期的相关性限于携带有M235T等位基因的患者。携带有AT1R基因C等位基因和AGT基因TT型的妇女子痫前期发病危险升高。     

ACE I/D AT1R A1166C基因多态性与高血压性脑卒中的关系

目的:探索血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因I/D和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1(AT1R)基因A1166C多态性与高血压性脑卒中的关系和两基因之间的作用对高血压性脑卒中发病的影响.方法:我们用PCR的方法检测86例缺血性脑卒中病人,51例高血压病人和58例正常人的ACE I/D和AT1R A1166C多态性.结果:高血压性脑卒中组的ACE DD型基因和D等位基因的频率高于高血压性非卒中组.同样,高血压性脑卒中的AT1R AC+CC型基因和C等位基因和频率也高于高血压非卒中组.结论:ACE DD基因和C等位基因、AT1R ACCC型基因和C等位基因是高血压性脑卒中的危险因子.     

血管紧张素转化酶及血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体基因多态性与高血压相关性

目的 探讨血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性、血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(AT1R)基因A1166C多态性与原发性高血压(EH)的相关性,以及多种危险因素与EH的关系.方法 选取125例健康者(对照组)和148例EH患者(EH组)作为研究对象作问卷调查、医学体检和血液生化项目检测,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测研究对象ACE基因的I/D多态性;应用PCR、限制性内切酶酶切的方法检测AT1R基因A1166C多态性,并用Logistic回归筛选高血压的危险因素.结果 EH组和对照组的DD基因型频率和D等位基因频率差异均不显著.EH组的AC基因型频率23.0%,C等位基因频率11.5%,均显著高于对照组的12.8%和6.4%.EH组ACE基因DD型+AT1R基因AC型联合基因型频率7.4%,显著高于对照组的1.6%.多因素Logistic回归结果表明,EH的危险因素主要有BMI、EH家族史和DD+AC联合基因型.结论 ACE基因D等位基因可能与EH发病无关联;AT1R基因A1166C多态性可能是EH的重要遗传因素;DD+AC联合基因型对EH的发病有显著的联合促进作用.     

AT1R基因、ACE基因和CYP基因多态性与妊娠期高血压疾病的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体(AT1R)基因A1166-C、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)和醛固酮合成酶(CYP11B2)基因-344T/C位点多态性与妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)的相关关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP),分别检测HDCP组86例和正常对照组175例AT1R基因A1166-C、ACE基因I/D和CYP11B2基因-344T/C突变位点的基因型.结果 HDCP组和正常对照组AT1R基因A1166-C、ACE基因I/D和CYPllB2基因-344T/C多态性18种组合的分布不同,构成比不同;这18种组合中,相对于AT1R-AA+ACE-Ⅱ+CYP 1182-TT基因型,携带AT1R-AA+ACE-DD+CYP11B2-TC基因型人群的OR值为7.289;携带AT1R-AC+ACE-ID+CYP11B2-TC基因型人群的OR值为5.315;携带AT1R.AC+ACE-DD+CYP11B2-TC基因型人群的OR值为5.694.其余联合基因型,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);或者由于样本量小,不具有代表性.结论 HDCP组和正常对照组AT1R基因A1166-C、ACE基因I/D和CYPllB2基因-344T/C多态性18种组合中,AT1R-AA+ACE-DD+CYP11B2-TC联合基因型、AT1R-AC+ACE-ID+CYP11B2-TC联合基因型、AT1R-AC+ACE-DD+CYP11B2-TC联合基因型可能增加HDCP的遗传易感性;HDCP的发生,可能是多个基因共同作用的结果 .     

中国人群血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体基因A1166-C单核苷酸多态性频率分析

目的：研究血管紧张素Ⅱ－1型受体（AT1R）基因A^1166-C SNP（single nucleotide polymorphism）在中国人群中的分布。方法：采用PCR－RFLP法对中国人群进行AT1R基因A^1166-C SNP频率分析比较。结果：中国人群的AT1R基因A^1166-C SNC频率分布：AA型76．5％，AC型23．4％，CC型0．1％；等位基因频率88．18％，C11．82％。各基因型频率和等位基因频率与西班牙人、法国人、澳大利亚人群有显著性差异，而与日本人接近。结论：AT1R基因A^1166-C SNP频率的分布有明显的种族差异。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体A1166C多态性与原发性高血压相关性研究

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（AT1R）A1166C多态性与原发性高血压的关系。方法入选研究对象1 295例,其中原发性高血压患者679例、正常对照人群616名。所有研究对象用常规方法提取白细胞DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶（PCR-RFLP）方法检测AT1R基因A1166C多态性。结果AT1R基因A1166C基因型分布和等位基因频率,本研究正常人群与日本Koh等和国内李宏芬等的结果差异无统计学意义（P=0.039,0.010;P=0.126,0.017）;与荷兰Marieke、法国Tiret等的结果差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.001）。原发性高血压组AT1R基因A1166C多态性分析,AA基因型和A等位基因频率均较对照组增多,差异有统计学意义（P均=0.02）。结论AT1R基因A1166C多态性与原发性高血压有关,可能是中国汉族人群原发性高血压的一个遗传标志。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因A1166C多态性与慢性心力衰竭的相关性研究

目的 研究血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)基因A1166C多态性与慢性心力衰竭的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测135例慢性心力衰竭患者和121例正常对照者的AT1R基因A1166C位点的基因型.结果 病例组AA、AC、CC基因型频率为87.6%、12.4%、0,等位基因频率为93.8%、6.2%;正常对照组AA、AC、CC基因型频率为87.6%、11.6%、0.8%,等位基因频率为93.6%、6.4%;病例组基因型及等位基因频率与正常对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论AT1R基因A1166C多态性与慢性心力衰竭无关.     

妊娠高血压综合征患者血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性研究

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因插入／缺失多态性与妊娠高血压综合征（PIH）的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测92例PIH患者及85名正常妊娠者的ACE基因多态性。结果PIH组ACE基因3种基因型频率分别为DD型44．6％、ID型33．7％、Ⅱ型21．7％，对照组ACE基因3种基因型频率分别为DD型18．8％、ID型40．0％、Ⅱ型41．2％；两组的DD基因型及D等位基因频率比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论ACE基因的缺失多态性（DD）可能为妊高征发病的重要遗传因素之一。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性与冠状动脉血栓疾病

为了观察中国人群中肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性的分布特征，并分析这些基因多态性与冠状动脉血栓(CATD)疾病的相关性以及该基因多态性间的相互作用，采用直接聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR—RFLP)方法对192例冠状动脉血栓疾病患者和110例对照组个体进行血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)、血管紧张素原(AGT)和血管紧张素II I型受体(AT1R)基因的基因多态性进行检测。结果表明：①在中国人群中，ACE基因各基因型分布分别为DD12．2％、ID43．9％和II43．9％；AGT基因各基因型分布为MM8．2％，MT36．7％和TT55．1％；AT1R基因各基因型分布分别为AA91．8％和AC8．2％。②冠状动脉血栓疾病组与对照组相比，上述3种基因多态性的分布均无明显差异。③同时携带AT1R—AC和AGT—TT基因型的个体，与AT1R—AA和AGT—TT基因型个体相比，罹患CATD的相对危险度达到3．517(95％C10．988—12．527)；与AC基因型和非TT基因型个体相比，罹患CATD的危险性可增加至15．000(95％CI 1．940—115．963)；在AT1R—AC基因型个体，等位基因D在CATD组和对照组的分布亦存在有明显的差异(P=0．017)。结论：我国人群ACE基因I／D多态性、AGT基因M235T多态性和ATlR基因A1166C多态性各基因型和等位基因的分布明显不同于西方人群；上述3种基因多态性不是我国人群冠状动脉血栓疾病或心肌梗塞的独立的危险因素。但AT1R基因AC基因型与AGT基因TT基因型、AT1R基因AC基因型和ACE基因等位基因D在罹患冠状动脉血栓疾病的危险性上有显著的协同作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因多态性与肾病综合征的关系

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R) A1166C基因多态性与桂西地区壮族人群原发性肾病综合征的关系。方法 选取原发性肾病综合征患者46例为肾病组，健康体检者52例为正常对照组；采用聚合酶链反应-限制性核酸内切酶片断长度多肽性技术分析肾病组与对照组的AT1R A1166C基因型和基因分布频率。结果 在肾病组和对照组中均以AA型最常见，CC型未发现，两组的AT1R基因频率分布无显著性差异；在肾病组中比较不同AT1R基因型的生化结果，亦无显著性差异；表现为膜性肾病、局灶性节段性肾小球硬化等肾脏病变重的患者是以AC基因型多见，差异有显著性。结论 在桂西地区壮族人群中，AT1R基因多态性与原发性肾病综合征的发生无明确关联，但可能与原发性肾病综合征的进展及预后有关。     

Angiotensin converting enzyme DD genotype affects the changes of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction patients

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) DD genotype, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) 4G/4G genotype have been reported to affect PAI-1 activity in control subjects and atherosclerotic patients, but no data are available on the influence of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C polymorphism on the inhibitor levels. The degree of fibrinolytic activation after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been found to affect the risk of restenosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of ACE I/D, AT1R A1166C, and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms on the changes of PAI-1 activity after primary successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. In 29 consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients, undergoing primary successful angioplasty, genotyping of ACE I/D, AT1R A1166C, and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and PAI-1 plasma activity (chromogenic method) was assessed before and after angioplasty. Following angioplasty, PAI-1 activity increased in 10 of 29 patients and decreased or remained unchanged in 19 of 29. ACE DD genotype was significantly (P = 0.04) associated with an increase of PAI-1 activity post angioplasty (OR DD/ID+II = 6.5, CI 95% 4.83-8.22). Whereas no effect of PAI-1 4G/5G and AT1R A1166C polymorphisms on PAI-1 response to angioplasty was demonstrated, these data suggest that renin-angiotensin system genes are involved in the regulation of the fibrinolytic response to balloon injury, possibly affecting angiotensin converting enzyme activity. This interaction between the renin-angiotensin system and hemostasis may be a mechanism by which ACE DD genotype affects the risk of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.     

血管紧张素转换酶及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因多态性与乙型肝炎肝硬化的关系

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE）及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor,AT1R）基因多态性与乙型肝炎肝硬化之间的关联及其在乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生、发展中的作用。方法采用聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）及限制性片段长度多态性分析（restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP）检测技术,对115例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者和136例正常人群中的ACE（第16个intronI／D基因）ATlR（3＇-U TR 1166A／C）的基因多态性分布进行了检测。结果在ACE intron I／D基因多态性中各基因型在乙型肝炎肝硬化患者与正常人群中的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;在乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中ACEI／D基因型的分布在有无腹水组间的差异有统计学意义,有腹水组ACED／D基因型的频率高于无腹水组（27．8％VS11．6％,Pd0．05）,两组ACE的D基因频率分布差异有统计学意义（47．2％VS31．4％,P〈0．05）;在乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中随着Child-Pauph分级的增高D／D基因型的比例逐渐增大（P〈0．05）;A、B、C3级中D基因频率分布差异有统计学意义（Pd0．05）。AT1R 1166A／C基因多态性在乙型肝炎肝硬化患者和正常人群中的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论ACE的intron D／D基因型对于乙型肝炎肝硬化是不利因素,它可能与肝硬化患者腹水的形成相关,并可促进肝硬化的进展;而AT1R的1166A／C基因位点的变异尚未显示其与肝硬化有关。     

Left ventricular size, mass and function in relation to angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with coronary artery disease.

The objective of the present study was to analyse the potential synergistic influence of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (I/D ACE) and the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms (A1166C AT1R) on the left ventricular size and performance. Three hundred sixty and one consecutive, Caucasian patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled into the study. Left ventricular diameter, mass and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Screening for the I/D ACE and A1166C AT1R genotypes was performed by polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA, followed by restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. The I/D ACE and A1166C AT1R genotypes separately were not significantly associated with the left ventricular size and function parameters in CAD patients. However, trends towards decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well as increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were observed when patients with genotype DD+CC/AC and DD+CC were compared to patients homozygous only in one locus (DD or CC). Significant increase in LVEDD and LVMI was observed only in patients with a history of anterior myocardial infarction with combined genotype DD+CC/AC or DD+CC. This study does not support the role of the ACE I/D and AT1R A1166C polymorphisms in the determination of the left ventricular size and performance in patients with significant coronary atherosclerosis. However, it indicates that the influence of polymorphisms may be present in specific patient populations.     

ACE DD genotype: an independent predisposition factor to venous thromboembolism

BACKGROUND: The renin angiotensin system affects haemostasis through different mechanisms; data on the possible role of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in the pathogenesis of deep venous thrombosis are conflicting, and no information is available regarding the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene. In order to investigate this issue, angiotensin-converting enzyme and AT1R polymorphisms were genotyped in 336 consecutive venous thromboembolism patients and 378 controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Haemostasis-related risk factors have been evaluated by routine tests. Factor V Leiden, Factor II (G20210A), angiotensin-converting enzyme (I/D), and angiotensin type 1 receptor (A1166C) polymorphisms have been identified by molecular analysis. RESULTS: We documented a significant association between angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype and venous thromboembolism (OR=2.19 95%CI 1.51-3.17 adjusted for acquired and haemostasis-related risk factors, P<0.0001); in patients with haemostasis-related risk factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype modified the risk of venous thromboembolism in hyperhomocysteinaemic and Factor V Leiden patients and was associated with the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (OR=1.83 95%CI 1.06-3.17 P=0.03). In patients without haemostasis-related risk factors the angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype was still an independent predictor of venous thromboembolism (OR=3.29 95%CI 2.17-4.98 adjusted for acquired risk factors, P<0.0001). No significant association between the angiotensin type 1 receptor CC genotype and venous thromboembolism was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype represents a susceptibility marker of thrombosis in subjects apparently without predisposing factors and traditional thrombophilic alterations, and increases the risk of venous thromboembolism in subjects in whom a thrombogenic condition occurs. Moreover, angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype may be considered a new predisposing factor to venous thromboembolism recurrence.     

A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin AT1 receptor (AT1R) gene alters endothelial response to statin treatment.

BACKGROUND: The function of vascular endothelium is influenced by several factors: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, oxidative stress and the reninangiotensin system. METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms A1166C of the angiotensin AT1 receptor (AT1R) gene, C242T and A640G of the pphox22 gene (p22 phox is an essential component of NADH/NADPH oxidases) and G894T of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) gene influence endothelial function and its reaction to statin treatment. In 44 patients with coronary artery disease or hypercholesterolemia (not on lipid-lowering treatment), lipid profile and endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD) were measured at baseline and after treatment with statins for 8-12 weeks. All subjects were genotyped for the above-mentioned polymorphisms. RESULTS: None of the polymorphisms significantly predicted baseline FMD. Patients with the C allele of A1166C showed smaller changes in FMD in comparison with patients with the AA genotype (-0.044+/-0.439% vs. 0.386+/-0.599%; p=0.016). None of the other polymorphisms significantly influenced changes in FMD. CONCLUSIONS: The C allele of AT1R A1166C is associated with significantly lower endothelial response to statin treatment.