肺结核合并HBV感染的优化治疗

目的探讨在肺结核合并HBV感染的抗痨治疗中,依据HBV—DNA检测结果,选择性抗病毒治疗的优越性和不足。方法肺结核合并HBV感染患者117例,其中HBV—DNA阳性组51例（抗痨起始时联用拉米夫定。为A组）、HBV—DNA阴性组66例（抗痨后监测HBV—DNA,若HBV—DNA阳转,则加用拉米夫定,为B组）：对照组为121例HBsAg阴性的肺结核患者,为C组;上述三组均给予“2HRZE／4HR”方案抗痨,同时密切监测肝功能和HBV—DNA。结果A、B、C三组的肝损害率分别为：21．6％、15．2％和5．8％;三组抗痨中断率分别为：5．9％、3．0％和0．8％;三组病例均无肝损害相关性死亡发生。A、B组的肝损害率及A组的抗痨中断率与C组对比差异均有统计学意义。B组在抗痨全过程中始终保持HBV-DNA阴性者有54例,与C组对比在肝损害率及抗痨中断率方面差异均无统计学意义。结论依据HBV-DNA检测结果,选择性抗病毒治疗,能有效降低抗痨时的肝损害,并能避免大部分HBV—DNA阴性时不必要的抗病毒治疗。但HBV感染时行抗痨,抗病毒治疗并不能最大程度地避免肝损害的发生。     

多种免疫抑制药物在肾移植中应用的安全性比较

目的探讨不同免疫抑制方案对移植肾术后早期功能的影响及安全性比较。方法将三种不同的免疫抑制方案分别用于肾移植患者。A组：CsA＋Aza＋Pred、B组：CsA＋MMF＋Pred、C组：FK506＋MMF＋Pred。根移植肾早期功能状态，统计A、B、C三组患者1年移植肾存活率，急性排斥发生率及移植肾功能恢复情况．药物副作用等。结果在三组患者中比较．B组和C组移植肾1年存活率高于A组；C组的急性排斥发生率均低于A组、B组（P〈0．05）。同时，C组的肝功能损害．肾毒性发生率明显低于A组、B组（P〈O．05）。结论采用个体化免疫抑制方案较常规免疫抑制方案有更高的安全性，可减少急性排斥反应，药物毒副作用的发生率，提高肾移植的存活率．有利于移植肾早期功能的恢复。     

不同免疫抑制方案对移植肾早期功能的影响

目的探讨不同免疫抑制方案对移植肾术后早期功能的影响及安全性比较。方法将3种不同的免疫抑制方案分别用于肾移植患者。A组：CsA＋Aza＋Pred。B组：CSA＋MMF＋Pred、C组：FK506＋MMF＋Pred。根移植肾早期功能状态，统计A、B、C3组患者1年移植肾存活率，急性排斥发生率及移植肾功能恢复情况，药物副作用等。结果在3组患者中比较，B组和C组移植肾1年存活率高于A组；C组的急性排斥发生率均低于A组、B组（P〈0．05）。同时，C组的肝功能损害，肾毒性发生率明显低于A组、B组（P〈0．05）。结论通过临床不同免疫抑制方案的比较，认为应用MMF和FKS06组成的免疫抑制方案，具有更高的安全性，可减少急性排斥反应，药物毒副作用的发生率，提高肾移植的存活率，有利于移植肾早期功能的恢复。     

CHOP方案治疗NHL合并HBV携带者肝功能损害的探讨

目的观察CHOP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）合并HBV携带者肝功能损害及肝炎病毒活化的情况。方法62例入选患者按HBV携带与否分为HBV携带组及非HBV携带组，两组患者均以CHOP方案正规化疗，3周重复，至少2周期。第一个周期化疗前及每次化疗后第3周末检测肝功能全套，HBV携带患者于第一个周期化疗前及每2周期化疗后第3周末检测血清HBV—DNA水平，所有患者均于出现肝功能损害后依病情加用非特异性保肝药物。结果化疗4及6周期后HBV携带组患者肝损害发生率均显著高于非HBV携带患者（P〈O．05），而且HBV携带组患者中肝损害发生率随治疗时间推移有上升趋势，化疗6周期后肝损害发生率显著高于化疗2周期后（P〈0．05）；化疗后血清HBVDNA阳性率有所升高，化疗6周期后血清HBVDNA阳性率显著高于2周期化疗后（P〈0．01），与4周期化疗后比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CHOP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤合并HBV携带患者，易发生肝功能损害，HBV复燃几率增加。积极的预防和治疗必不可少。     

重叠HCV感染的慢性乙肝患者病毒复制及肝损害情况

为探讨慢性乙肝患者重叠感染HCV后，对乙肝病毒复制及肝功能损害的影响，对23例重叠HCV感染的慢性乙肝患者（A组）和50例单独HBV感染的慢性肝病患者（B组），分析其HBeAg,HBV-DNA，抗-HBcIgM及其临床表现、临床体征、ALT、TBIL、白蛋白、凝血酶原活动度等指标。结果：A组HBeAg阳性率26．1％低于B组56％（P＜0．05），DNA阳性率A组30．4％低于B组62％（P＜0．05），抗-HBcIgM阳性率A组17．4％低于B组46％（P＜0．05）。A组引起重度肝损害的阳性率为34．8％，B组为14％（P＜0．05），提示慢性乙型肝炎重HCV感染，HCV对HBV复制有抑制作用，重叠感染发生重度肝损害的机会大。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染对非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者化疗后肝功能影响的回顾性分析

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染对非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者化疗后肝功能的影响。方法：回顾性病例配对分析,比较67例HBsAg( )与67例HBsAg(-)的NHL患者化疗后肝功能变化情况。结果：经过二周期以上的正规化疗后,HBsAg（＋）组肝功能损害发生率占53．7％（36／67）,明显高于HBsAg（－）组肝功能损害发生率16．4％（11／67）,（P＜0．005）。结论：HBV感染的NHL患者化疗易引起肝功能损害。     

抗结核药物对71例乙肝病毒标志物阳性肺结核患者肝功能影响的分析

目的探讨抗结核药物对乙肝病毒标志物阳性肺结核患者肝功能的影响.方法回顾性分析2001～2003年住院期间收治的71例乙肝病毒标志物阳性的肺结核患者在化疗过程中发生肝功能损害的临床资料.结果肝功异常26例(36.6%),其中HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性及HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性组16例(59.3%),肝损害发生时间多在化疗的1～4周以内(76.9%).结论乙肝病毒标志物阳性的肺结核患者化疗中出现的肝损害应引起重视,要密切监测肝功,给予保肝治疗.     

联合霉酚酸酯、环孢素A和泼尼松应用于肾移植患者免疫抑制治疗

目的研究不同剂量霉酚酸酯（MMF）与环孢素A（CsA）和泼尼松（Pred）联用对肾移植患者免疫抑制作用的疗效与安全性。方法随机将120例肾移植受者分为3组，分别给予MMF2．0g／d（A组）、1.5g／a（B组）及硫唑嘌呤（Aza）100mg／d（C组）。3组患者均同时接受相似剂量的CsA和Pred。观察肾移植术后6个月内急性排斥反应的发生率、移植肾功能和药物的副作用。结果A，B，C组急性排斥反应的发生率分别为8．7％，5．6％和36．8％；A，B组消化道的副作用多见，C组的白细胞减少现象多见，其他副作用3个组的差异无显著性。术后6个月A，B组患者的血清肌酐值明显低于C组。结论不同剂量的MMF与CsA和Pred联合应用，可有效预防术后早期急性排斥反应的发生。MMF除胃肠道的副作用较多外，其他副作用未见增多。     

心脏手术对乙肝及乙肝病毒携带者肝功能的影响

目的观察体外循环心脏手术对乙肝（HB）及乙肝病毒（HBV）携带者肝功能的影响。方法对心脏病手术患者于手术前后进行了肝功能测定，其中肝功能正常组45例、HBV携带组42例，HB组18例。结果体外循环对HBV携带者的肝功能无显著影响（P〈0．05），对其术后出血也无明显影响。HB患者体外循环术后谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）显著升高，且其术后出血量较肝功正常者明显增加（P〈0．05）。结论术前肝功能正常的乙肝病毒携带者接受心脏手术是安全的．HB患者心脏手术中肝功能损害是可逆性的，只要采取必要的保护措施也可以接受手术治疗．     

乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴垂直传播临床研究

目的探讨经对乙肝表面抗原阳性母亲定时即注乙肝免疫球蛋白对胎儿行被动免疫在预防乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播中的作用。方法对自孕28周起3次肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白的HBsAg（＋）孕妇79例（A组）及未注射的41例HBsAg（＋）孕妇（B组），用固相放免法和套式PCR检测母血及其新生儿血HBsAg．HBV-DNA。结果A纽新生儿血HBsAg、HBV-DNA检出率明显低于B组；A组孕妇用药后血HbsAg滴度及HBV-DNA水平较用药前明显下降。结论用乙肝免疫球蛋白经母亲对胎儿行被动免疫可有效阻断HBV母婴垂直传播。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.