小鼠VCAM-1真核表达质粒的构建及表达

目的:构建小鼠血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)基因真核表达质粒,了解该质粒是否能在真核细胞中有效表达.方法:以小鼠胚肝组织总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增小鼠VCAM-1全段基因cDNA,应用基因工程技术将扩增的cDNA片段插入pcDNA3.1( )真核表达质粒,构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA-mVCAM,经限制性内切酶酶切分析及测序鉴定正确后,用脂质体转染技术转染CHO细胞,用Western Blot鉴定该质粒是否能够在真核细胞中表达相应的目的蛋白质.结果:成功扩增了小鼠VCAM-1全长基因cDNA,酶切和测序证明正确构建了重组真核表达质粒pcDNA-mVCAM,Western Blot方法证实该质粒能在CHO真核细胞中正确表达目的蛋白.结论:成功构建了小鼠VCAM-1基因的真核表达质粒载体,为进一步研究VCAM-1的新功能和免疫治疗奠定了基础.     

肺炎链球菌CbpA基因疫苗的构建及免疫学特性

目的：构建含有肺炎链球菌（SPN）毒力因子CbpA抗原编码基因的重组质粒pcDNA3.1/CbpA,测定其诱导特异性免疫应答的能力并评价其保护效果.方法：PCR扩增SPN CbpA编码基因,将该编码基因克隆到pcDNA3.1（＋）真核表达载体中,构建pcDNA3.1/CbpA重组质粒,经测序鉴定后转染COS-7细胞,WesternBlot鉴定目的蛋白的表达,重组质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,TIGR4型SPN攻击后,监测其生存时间.结果：CbpA能在COS-7细胞中表达;pcDNA3.1/CbpA重组质粒主动免疫BALB/C小鼠后,体内产生特异性IgG抗体,并诱导小鼠对SPN感染产生有效的保护.结论：成功构建了重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/CbpA,可为SPN基因疫苗的研制提供依据.     

真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ的构建和鉴定

目的 构建恒河猴绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基(macaca mulatta chorionic gonadotrophin β subunit,rmCGβ)基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ,并了解该质粒能否在真核细胞中表达.方法 通过PCR扩增rmCGβ的全段基因cDNA,应用基因工程技术将扩增的cDNA克隆至PGM-Teasy,测序后插入pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达质粒,构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ,经限制内切酶酶切分析及测序鉴定正确后,用脂质体转染技术转染B16细胞,通过RT-PCR扩增出B16/pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ细胞株中rmCGβ全段基因cDNA.结果 经4轮PCR,成功扩增出rmCGβ的cDNA全长基因,酶切和测序证明正确构建了真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ,通过RT-PCR方法 证实该质粒能在B16真核细胞中正确表达.建立了稳定的细胞株B16/pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ.结论 成功克隆和构建了rmCGβ的真核表达质粒载体pcDNA3.1(+)-rmCGβ,为进一步研究rmCGβ的新功能和免疫治疗奠定了基础.     

钩端螺旋体Lipl21基因真核质粒构建及在HeLa细胞的表达

目的构建钩端螺旋体外膜脂蛋白Lipl21基因片段的真核表达重组质粒,利用脂质体体外转染HeLa细胞,探讨其在体外真核细胞中的表达情况,为寻找新的预防钩端螺旋体病的候选疫苗分子提供实验依据. 方法应用PCR技术从钩端螺旋体黄疸出血群赖型56601株基因组模板中扩增Lipl21基因,纯化回收后克隆入pUCM-T载体,再亚克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）,运用脂质体2000将重组体pcDNA3.1（＋）/LipL21转染入HeLa细胞,免疫组化法观察目的基因的表达. 结果双酶切及测序鉴定证明成功构建LipL21真核表达重组体pcDNA3.1（＋）/LipL21,DNA测序显示重组质粒含有561bp的目的基因片段,读码框架正确,无碱基错配及移码突变.重组质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）/LipL21在体外HeLa细胞中能有效表达目的蛋白LipL21. 结论成功构建了钩端螺旋体Lipl21基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）/Lipl21,且能够在体外真核细胞中表达,为进一步筛选新的预防钩端螺旋体病的候选疫苗分子奠定了一定的实验基础.     

小鼠IL-5真核表达质粒的构建和体外表达

目的 构建小鼠白细胞介素-5（IL-5）基因真核表达质粒,了解该质粒在真核细胞COS细胞中有效表达情况.方法 以含有小鼠IL-5基因的克隆质粒pORF9-mIL-5为模板,通过PCR扩增小鼠IL-5全段基因,应用基因工程技术将扩增的基因片段插入peDNA3.1（＋）真核表达质粒,构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA-m IL-5,经限制性内切酶酶切分析及测序鉴定正确后,用脂质体转染技术转染COS细胞,用Western Blot鉴定该质粒是否能够在真核细胞中表达相应的目的蛋白质.结果 成功扩增了小鼠IL-5全长基因,酶切和测序证明正确构建了重组真核表达质粒pcDNA-m IL-5,Westem blot方法证实该质粒能在COS真核细胞中有效表达小鼠IL-5目的蛋白.结论 成功构建了小鼠IL-5基因的真核表达质粒载体,为进一步研究IL-5的新功能和免疫基因治疗奠定了基础.     

肺炎衣原体0308基因真核表达载体构建及表达检测

目的构建肺炎衣原体AR39株Cpn0308基因真核表达重组质粒,体外转染HeLa细胞并检测表达情况,为Cpn核酸疫苗的研制做准备。方法应用PCR技术从CpnAR39株基因组中扩增Cpn0308全长基因,重组入pcDNA3.1/HisA真核表达载体相应位点,进行酶切鉴定和序列分析后,运用脂质体介导重组质粒转染HeLa细胞,间接免疫荧光技术检测目的蛋白在真核细胞中表达情况。结果 PCR扩增得到393bp的特异性Cpn0308基因,筛选鉴定出pcDNA3.1/HisA-Cpn0308真核表达重组体,序列测定证实与GeneBank登录的CpnAR39株Cpn0308基因一致;间接免疫荧光法检测到重组质粒转染的HeLa细胞能够表达目的蛋白。结论成功构建pcDNA3.1/HisA-Cpn0308真核表达重组体,且该重组体能够在体外真核细胞中表达目的蛋白,为进一步研究CpnDNA疫苗以及研究该蛋白的生物学功能提供实验基础。     

1pcDNA3.1-Ercc6l真核表达载体的构建及在P19细胞内的表达

目的构建Ercc6l的正、反义真核表达载体,并在P19胚胎癌细胞内瞬时表达,在细胞学水平对基因功能进行初步研究。方法KpnⅠ/XhoⅠ双酶切pGEM-T-Ercc6l获得目的基因Ercc6l,将其克隆到同样经过双酶切的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)和pcDNA3.1(-)Myc His6,重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+/-)-Ercc6l经菌落PCR和双酶切鉴定;脂质体介导法体外瞬时转染正义载体至P19细胞,RT-PCR检测基因在细胞内的表达活性情况。结果重组质粒经菌落PCR和KpnⅠ/XhoⅠ双酶切鉴定,表明真核表达载体构建正确;脂质体介导法瞬时转染正义载体至P19细胞后,检测表明转染细胞能够表达Ercc6l。结论成功构建了Ercc6l正、反义真核表达载体,其正义载体转染真核细胞后能在其中表达。     

单纯疱疹病毒2型感染细胞蛋白27重组真核表达质粒的构建及表达

目的构建单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)感染细胞蛋白27(ICP27)基因与pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达质粒的重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/ICP27。方法通过RT-PCR方法从HSV-2培养物中提取RNA制备ICP27的编码基因UL54DNA,将其与载体pcDNA3.1(+)连接。通过双酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒是否构建成功,Western blot法鉴定重组质粒在真核细胞COS-7中表达。结果重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/ICP27构建成功,可在COS-7中表达。结论成功构建了可在真核细胞内表达的pcDNA3.1(+)/ICP27重组质粒,为下一步研究该重组质粒作为DNA疫苗的免疫学效应奠定了基础。     

lefty1基因真核表达载体构建鉴定及转染

目的:构建lefty1基因与pcDNA3.1(+)相融合的真核表达载体,并在lefty1基因的下游加上Flag标签,转染人肾小管上皮细胞株验证重组质粒活性。方法:设计并合成lefty1基因上下游引物,同时加上Flag标签序列,PCR扩增基因,并将其连接到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)上,双酶切图谱分析和扩增产物测序鉴定所构建的真核表达载体。脂质体转染法将重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-lefty1-Flag和pcDNA3.1(+)分别转染至人肾小管上皮细胞株HK-2,qPCR和Western blot检测lefty1在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果:以lefty1基因质粒模板扩增得到的片段约1 150bp,双酶切得到目的基因片段,测序的结果显示与lefty1基因序列相同。转染肾小管上皮细胞后,pcDNA3.1(+)-lefty1-Flag能表达lefty1蛋白。结论:成功构建lefty1基因真核表达载体,为一步研究lefty1基因功能奠定了基础。     

小鼠cyclin A2正义和反义真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建小鼠cyclin A2的正义和反义真核表达载体。方法采用小鼠胚胎组织取材,提取总RNA。设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增小鼠cyclin A2 mRNA得到cyclin A2的DNA,将此DNA插入pGEM-T载体,转化入JM109感受态细菌。将鉴定得到的重组质粒进行扩增,EcoRⅠ酶切后,回收cyclin A2目的片段亚克隆入pcDNA3.1真核表达载体。酶切筛选鉴定重组的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-cyclin A2。结果将小鼠基因的开放阅读框(ORF)重组到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1内,用EcoRⅠ酶切重组质粒后可得到一接近1660 bp的DNA条带,核酸测序证实和GenBank所公布序列相符。HindⅢ酶切鉴定重组质粒后,证明分别为正向和反向插入载体的质粒。DNA测序证明构建的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-cyclin A2的序列是正确的。结论成功构建了小鼠cyclin A2的正义和反义真核表达载体。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.