中药芪丹通脉片对心肌损伤大鼠血小板功能的影响

目的：研究中药复方制剂芪丹通脉片（QDTMT）对心肌损伤大鼠血小板功能的影响。方法：用QDTMT给SD大鼠连续灌胃14d，第12日起动物皮下注射ISO（48μmol.kg^-1d^-1)，每日一次，连续3d，复制心肌损伤大鼠模型，结果：中药复方制剂QDTMT能明显减轻心肌损伤程度，抑制血小板聚集功能，降低血浆血栓素B2（TXB2）水平，提高6－酮－前列腺素（6-keto-PGF1α）水平和6－keto-PGF1α/TXB2比值，与模型组相比有显性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．05，P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。结论：QDTMT可能通过抑制血小板活化，调节前列环素与的血栓素平衡来抗心肌损伤。     

亚硒酸钠对糖尿病大鼠血小板聚集功能的影响

目的观察亚硒酸钠对糖尿病大鼠血小板聚集功能的影响。方法在以链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型上,测定血糖及二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板最大聚集率、血浆中血栓素A2(代谢产物为TXB2)、前列环素(代谢产物为6-Keto-PGF1α)的含量。结果糖尿病大鼠的血糖、ADP诱导的血小板最大聚集率、血浆中TXB2含量及TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值明显高于正常组,血浆中6-Keto-PGF1α的含量低于正常组。亚硒酸钠治疗后糖尿病大鼠的血糖降低,ADP诱导的血小板最大聚集率下降,血浆中TXB2的含量降低,6-Keto-PGF1α的含量升高,TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值降低。结论亚硒酸钠能抑制糖尿病大鼠ADP诱导的血小板聚集,其机制与调节TXA2/PGI2平衡有关。     

二氢睾酮和其受体对雄性大鼠血小板激活、TXA2／PGI2平衡与细胞内钙离子浓度的调节

目的研究生理剂量二氢睾酮（dmydrotestosferone，DHT）和其受体对雄性大鼠血小板激活、TXA2／PGI2平衡与细胞内钙离子浓度的调节。方法血浆睾酮（testosterone，T）应用Advia Centaur免疫检测系统测定（Bayer，Ger-many），血浆DHT应用酶联免疫试剂盒（ELISA kit）推荐方法检测。应用血小板聚集仪测定血小板聚集、血小板黏附仪测定血小板黏附。应用放免法测定TXB2和6-Keto—PGF1α。应用流式细胞仪测定血小板内钙离子浓度。结果去势雄性大鼠每日补充DHT（0．25mg／rat）使其DHT浓度达到生理水平，而且与氟他胺（flutamide）（每两日注射1次5mg／rat）联用不影响DHT浓度达到生理水平。DHT（2nM）显著抑制二磷酸腺苷（adenosine diphosphate，ADP）诱导的血小板的聚集、黏附。氟他胺预处理血小板之后，ADP诱导的血小板的聚集、黏附再次增加。去势雄性大鼠每日补充DHT（0．25mg／rat）降低TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α。的比例，然而两日补充一次氟他胺（5mg／rat）再次增加TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α。的比例。DHT（2nM）明显降低ADP诱导的血小板内钙离子浓度。然而，氟他胺预处理血小板之后ADP诱导的血小板内钙离子浓度再次增加。结论生理水平二氢睾酮介导其受体调节雄性大鼠ADP诱导的血小板聚集、黏附与其调节TXA2／PGI2平衡和血小板内钙离子浓度有关。     

川芎对急性脑梗塞患者血浆中β—TG、PF4及TXB2、6—酮—PGF1α含量的影响

应用酶标免疫测定法及放射免疫测定法分别测定了急性脑梗塞患者血浆中β－血栓球蛋白（β-TG）血小板因子4（PF4）、血栓素B2（TXB2）、6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6－酮－PGF1α）含量的变化。发现急性脑梗塞患者血浆中β－TG、PF4及TXB2的含量显著升高（P＜0．01），而－酮－PGF1α的含量无明显变化。应用中的药川芎治疗能明显地抑制血浆中β-TG、PF4及TXB2稔的变化（P＜0．0），并使血浆中6－酮－PGF1α的含量有所升高（P＜0．05）。／提示川芎能 效地抑制脑缺血时体内血小槔的激活，纠正循环血中TXA2－PGI2平衡失调。     

保肾片对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠血浆ET—1，TXB2及6—keto—PGF1 α的影响

目的：观察保肾片对腺嘌呤诱发慢性肾功能衰竭（CRF）大鼠血浆内皮素（ET－1）,血栓素B2（TXB2）和6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6－keto-PGF1α）水平的影响并探讨其临床意义。方法：大鼠随机分组,腺嘌呤诱发大鼠CRF模型,采用灌胃法给药,眼眶取血用放射免疫分析法检测大鼠血浆ET－1,TXB2和6－keto-PGF1α含量并进行组间比较。结果：保肾片高剂量组ET－1水平显著低于模型对照组,保肾片高,中,低剂量组TXB1水平及TXB2／6－keto-PGF1a的比值均显著低于模型对照组,结论：中药复方保肾片可通过多种途径调节体内激素水平,改善血液动力学,抑制细胞增殖,改善肾小管功能,从而达到保护肾脏的目的。     

川芎嗪对原发性肾病综合征患儿血浆TXB2及6—Keto—PGF1α影响的探讨

目的：观察川芎嗪对小儿原发性肾病综合征（NS）TXB2、6－Keto-PGF1α变化的影响。方法：将30例小儿NS随机分为川芎嗪治疗组和常规治疗组各15例。常规治疗组给予强的松治疗4周，而川芎嗪治疗组在强的松治疗基础上加川芎嗪治疗4周，观察两组尿蛋白转阴和水肿消退时间，测定两组治疗前后血浆血栓素B2（TXB2）、6－酮－前列腺素F1α（6-Keto-PGF1α），纤维蛋白原和血小板聚集率。结果：川芎嗪治疗组血浆TXB2治疗后有明显减低、血浆6－Keto-PGF1α治疗后有明显升高，较常规治疗组治疗后TXB2下降及6－Keto-PGF1α升高程度更大（P＜0．01）；川芎嗪治疗组治疗后纤维蛋白原、血小板聚集率明显降低，而常规治疗组治疗后两无变化；川芎嗪治疗组治疗后尿蛋白转阴和水肿消退时间快于常规治疗组（P＜0．01）。结论：川芎嗪能抑制NS病人TXA2的产生，促进PGI2生成，从而纠正TXA2－PGI2失衡，同时改善血液高凝状态，近期疗效优于常规治疗组。     

加味茯苓甘草汤防治慢性常压缺氧性肺动脉高压的实验研究

目的：探讨中药复方制剂加味茯苓甘草汤（茯苓、甘草、桂枝、桃仁、苇茎等组成）对慢性肺动脉高压（HPH）的防治作用。方法：常压缺氧法建立HPH大鼠模型，以生理盐水为对照药，设对照组、缺氧组和中药治疗组，灌胃3周，检测平均肺动脉压力（mPAP)，观察右心室与左心室加室间隔重量之比[mR/(mL mS]、血浆及肺匀浆中磷脂酶A2（PLA2）、血栓素B2（TXB2）、6－酮－前列腺素（6－keto-PGF1α）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（MDA）的变化。结果：①缺氧组大鼠mPAP、mR/(mL mS)、 PLA2、TXB2、MDA含量增加，6－keto-PGF1α、SOD含量下降，与对照组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；②加味茯苓甘草汤能降低mPAP、mR/(mL mS)，与缺氧组相比，前者有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；③加味茯苓甘草汤能使肺组织中PLA2、6－keto-PGF1α、TXB2、MDA含量降至正常水平，与缺氧组相比差异有显著性（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）；④加味茯苓甘草汤能使血浆中PLA2、6－keto-PGF1α、SOD含量下降，与缺氧组相比差异有显著性（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），TXB2、MDA含量无明显变化。结论：长期使用加味茯苓甘草汤可有效防治慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压，其机理与抑制PLA2及相关炎性介质，降低自由基的毒性有关。     

血小板活化在下肢深静脉血栓形成中的临床意义

作者对30例下肢深静脉血栓（LDVT）患者和30例健康人的血小板数量（BPC）、血小板表面α颗粒膜蛋白（GMP140）分子数、血小板聚集率（PAgT）、血浆血栓素B2（TXB2）和6-酮前列腺素F1a（6-酮-PGF1a）进行了测定，以观察这些指标与下肢深静脉血栓发病的相关性。结果显示LDVT患者的血小板表面GMP－140、TXB2、PAgT明显升高，与正常对照组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；BPC、6-酮-PGF1a与正常对照组相比无明显差异（P＜0．05）。提示血小板活化是参与下肢深静脉血栓形成的重要因素之一，并对防治深静脉血栓的形成有一定临床意义。     

芪丹通脉片对心肌缺血再灌注犬血浆NO/ET, 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2的影响

目的：观察芪丹通脉片（Qidantongmai tablee,QDT-MT)对心肌缺血再灌注损伤（MIRI）犬的血浆内皮素（ET）／－一氧化氮（NO）平衡，血栓素B2（TXB2）／6－酮－前列腺素（6－keto-PGF1α）平衡的影响。方法：成年健康杂种犬24只，随机分为空白对照组（Control）、缺血预处理组（IP）、QDTMT低剂量组（QDTMTL）、QDTMT高剂量组（QDTMTH），均于同等条件下口服给药（或生理盐水）1wk后，采用结扎犬冠状动脉左前降支的方法建立MIRI模型，分别测用药前（T1）、结扎后20min(T2)、再灌注后10min(T3)，再灌注后30min(T4)4个时间点血浆ET，NO，TXB2与6－keto-PGF1α的含量，分析NO／ET，6－keto-PGF1α/TXB2的平衡关系，结果：与对照组比较，QDT－MT组能降低血浆ET和TXB2水平，升高NO表达水平，提高6－keto-PGF1α活性，调节NO／ET和6－keto-PGF1α/TXB2的平衡有关。     

抗高血压因子对老年心肌梗死血栓形成的抑制作用

目的 探讨抗高血压因子（AHF）在老年心肌梗死时对血栓形成的抑制作用及机制。方法 以老龄大鼠心肌梗死模型,腹腔注射AHF加以保护。结果 AHF保护组较非保护组心肌内血栓数量降低了53．8％,心肌内钙含量降低37．1％,血浆中血栓素B2（TXB2）降低45．6％和血小板聚集率（PAg)降低了50．5％;前列环素（6－Keto-PGF1a)则增加了80．2％。AHF对凝血酶诱发的老年人血小板内Ca^2 浓度的增加值可降低19．3％（均P＜0．05）。结论 AHF在老年心肌梗死时对血栓形成具有明显抑制作用,其机制与AHF防止心肌细胞钙超载、降低血浆TXB2／6－Keto-PGF1a的比值及抑制血小板Ca^2 内流,从而抑制血小板的聚集有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.