Performance characteristics and predictors of yield from transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions

Background and objective: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is useful for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). However, TBNA is largely underused and the variables that may be related to its diagnostic usefulness have not been specifically studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance characteristics and predictors of yield from TBNA of PPL, and to compare the performance characteristics of different bronchoscopic sampling methods. Methods: Consecutive patients with PPL were prospectively enrolled, and during the same examination, TBNA, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchial washing (BW) were performed. Results: Two hundred and eighteen PPL in 218 patients were sampled. TBNA was more sensitive (65%) than either TBLB (45%, P < 0.001) or BW (22%, P < 0.001). TBNA was the only diagnostic procedure in 42/196 patients (21%) with malignant lesions, and was more likely to be the only diagnostic procedure for lesions lacking (23/85 patients, 27%) than for lesions with the bronchus sign (19/111 patients, 17%). In multivariate analysis, a lesion size >2 cm, malignancy and location in the middle lobe were independent predictors of a positive TBNA result. Conclusions: TBNA is the single best contributor to the success of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of PPLs, and should be routinely used especially in the presence of lesions lacking the bronchus sign. Lesion size of > 2 cm, location in the middle lobe, and malignant nature are strong predictors of a positive TBNA result.     

Utility of transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of endobronchial lesions.

BACKGROUND: The utility of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in visible endobronchial lesions presenting as either an exophytic mass lesion (EML) or submucosal and peribronchial disease (SPD) is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To compare the yield of conventional diagnostic procedures (CDP) (bronchial washing, bronchial brushing, and endobronchial forceps biopsy) with that obtained from a combination of CDP and TBNA (CDP + TBNA). DESIGN: Prospective study of 55 patients. SETTING: Tertiary-care referral hospital. RESULTS: Of the 55 patients in whom malignancy was confirmed, CDP + TBNA identified 53 (96%) vs 42 (76%) identified by CDP (p = 0.001). The highest yield from any individual procedure was obtained by TBNA. Of the 23 patients with SPD, 22 (96%) were diagnosed using CDP + TBNA compared with 15 (65%) by CDP (p = 0.016); the yield from TBNA alone (22 of 23) in this group surpassed the combined yield from all other procedures. Although no statistically significant difference in yield was observed for EML, the use of TBNA identified four additional patients compared with CDP. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the addition of TBNA to CDP increases diagnostic yield in patients with visible endobronchial lesions.     

Yield of transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosis of mediastinal lesions

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) yield for procedures performed by fellows in training, and the predictors of positive TBNA yield at our center. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: A tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred seventy patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy with TBNA of mediastinal lesions from January 1991 to July 1999. RESULTS: Final diagnoses were available for 166 patients. TBNA was diagnostic in 104 patients (61%) and nondiagnostic in 66 patients (39%). Of 170 cases, 123 patients (72%) had malignancies, 30 patients (18%) had benign disease, and 13 patients (8%) were normal. Of 123 malignancies, 85 patients (69%) had a positive result by TBNA. Of 30 cases with benign disease, 11 patients (37%) had positive TBNA findings. Eight of 13 patients (62%) with a normal diagnosis had diagnostic TBNA (normal lymphoid tissue). There were statistically significant correlations between TBNA result and cell type of the lesion (p < 0.001), size of the lesion (p < 0.05), and type of malignancy (small cell carcinoma more than non-small cell carcinoma more than lymphoma, p < 0.05). We did not find any significant difference for aspiration yield between carinal and tracheal sites (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of malignancy is the major determinant of TBNA yield (p = 0.009). In addition, lesion size does affect yield after being adjusted for diagnosis (one-sided p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: TBNA is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique with a high yield, even in hands of less experienced operators. Malignancy, lesion size, and type of malignancy are major determinants of TBNA yield.     

Value of transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of endobronchial malignant lesions

Aim of our study was to investigate the sensitivity of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and its contributions to conventional diagnostic methods (CDM) in the endobronchial lesions of the patients who underwent TBNA during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and had final diagnosis of lung cancer. Bronchoscopy records of 1194 patients, who underwent FOB for uncertain lung cancer in our clinic, were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-one patients with final histopathological diagnosis of primary lung cancer who underwent TBNA, were included to study. Endobronchial lesions were divided into three groups as endobronchial mass, submucosal lesions and peribronchial diseases. Other CDMs performed during bronchoscopy such as forceps biopsy, bronchial brushing and bronchial lavage were also recorded. Sixty-six (82%) of 81 patients were diagnosed by means of FOB. Remaining 15 (18%) patients were diagnosed by means of other methods than FOB. The diagnostic successes of TBNA and CDMs alone and together, were compared according to the types, locations and histopathological types of the lesions. By the addition of TBNA to CDMs, histopathological diagnosis was made in 17 (21%) additional patients and diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoscopy was increased from 60% to 82% (p= 0.001). By the addition of TBNA to CDMs, a statistically significant increase in the sensitivity in the submucosal lesion group was observed (p= 0.008). By the addition of TBNA to CDMs, diagnostic success was increased from 52% to 76% in the non-small cell lung cancer group and from 81% to 95% in the small cell lung cancer group (p= 0.001 and p= 0.250, respectively). Although the diagnostic success was increased in all localizations by the addition of TBNA to CDMs, statistically significant increase was observed only for the lesions located at trachea and the main bronchi (p= 0.008). Joining TBNA to CDMs, especially for the submucosal lesions, may improve the diagnostic success of bronchoscopy.     

常规经支气管镜针吸活检与超声引导下经支气管镜针吸活检对纵隔病变诊断的比较

目的 比较常规经支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)和超声引导下经支气管镜肺活检(EBUS-TBNA)在同等条件下对纵隔病变的诊断的准确率及并发症的发生率等.方法 收集2008年10月至2009年10月广东省顺德第一人民医院呼吸科因胸部CT提示纵隔病变进行活检的患者95例,其中男65例,女30例,年龄13～85岁,平均(56±16)岁.所有患者于局部麻醉下行支气管镜,对172组纵隔病变先进行常规TBNA,后进行EBUS-TBNA,比较两者穿刺活检的阳性率、组织标本获取率及血管损伤率.结果 95例中确诊为恶性病变者71例,其中常规TBNA确诊65例,诊断阳性率为92%;EBUS-TBNA确诊68例,诊断阳性率为96%.172组病灶中,常规TBNA穿刺阳性结果为108组,总阳性率为63%(108/172),而EBUS-TBNA阳性结果为112组,总阳性率为65%(112/172).常规TBNA和EBUS-TBNA对纵隔良、恶性病变的诊断无明显差异,但EBUS-TBNA获取组织标本的成功率(39/95)高于常规TBNA(22/95).常规TBNA误伤血管7例,略高于EBUS-TBNA(3例).但差异无统计学意义.结论 在熟练掌握操作技术和方法后,两种方法均可获得满意的穿刺结果,操作者可选择性应用两种方法,做到优势互补.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the diagnostical yields and complication of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration ( TBNA ) and endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( EBUS-TBNA ) for the mediastium lesions under the same condition. Method Ninty-five patients with mediastinal lesions on chest CT were included. Bronchoscopy was performed under the local anesthesia, TBNA, EBUS-TBNA performed sequentially as a single combined procedure. Results Of the71 patients comfirmed to be malignant, the positive rate of TBNA was 92% ( 65/71 ), and 96% ( 68/71 )by EBUS-TBNA. There was no difference in malignant and benign lesions between conventional TBNA and EBUS-TBNA, but the success rate for obtaining adequate samples was higher by EBUS-TBNA ( 39/95 ) as compared to TBNA( 22/95 ). Accidental injury of the blood vessels occurred in 7 cases by TBNA as compared to 3 cases by EBUS-TBNA, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Satisfactory diagnostic yields can be obtained by either conventional TBNA or EBUS-TBNA in skilled hands.     

经支气管针吸活检对支气管结核的诊断价值

目的　探讨经支气管针吸活检术 (TBNA)对支气管结核的诊断价值。方法 对36例支气管结核患者进行TBNA检查,同时与刷检、活检的病理学及细菌学结果对比分析。结果 36例患者中TBNA的确诊率为83.3% (30/36),刷检为44.4% (16/36),活检为55.6% (10/18)。TBNA与刷检比较,经统计学处理,有显著性差异 (P＜0.005)。其中21例早期支气管结核病人的TBNA确诊率为90.5%(19/21),刷检为28.6% (6/21),两者经统计学处理,具有显著性差异 (P＜0.005)。结论 该技术能够显著提高支气管结核的诊断率,特别是老年患者,值得推广应用。     

The value of flexible transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of stage I sarcoidosis

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is the recommended procedure for diagnosing sarcoidosis in most cases, although its yield in stage I disease is reported to be not as high as when parenchymal involvement is radiologically evident. We undertook this study to assess the diagnostic value of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in sarcoidosis presenting with hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (stage I). DESIGN: Retrospective review of bronchoscopy procedures performed over a 6-year period for the diagnostic workup of hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, as detected by chest radiographs. SETTING: Urban academic hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-five patients with hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy without pulmonary abnormalities were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: After chest CT and physical examinations, all patients underwent FB with TBNA. Patients thought to have clinicoradiologic findings highly consistent with sarcoidosis, as assessed by the bronchoscopists performing the procedures, underwent combined TBNA and TBLB. RESULTS: A diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established in 32 patients. In the remaining 23 patients, other diseases were pathologically diagnosed. Overall, TBNA was diagnostic in 23 of 32 patients with sarcoidosis (72%) by showing nonnecrotizing granulomas in 28 of 39 lymph node stations sampled (72%). Among the 15 patients who were submitted to both TBNA and TBLB, TBNA exclusively established the diagnosis in 7 of 15 patients (47% increase in the diagnostic rate) and its yield exceeded that of TBLB (11 of 15 patients [73%] vs 6 of 15 patients [40%], respectively). The association of TBNA and TBLB increased the diagnostic yield to 87%. CONCLUSIONS: TBNA may be of great value in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected stage I sarcoidosis, and its use in association with TBLB should be strongly encouraged. TBNA may also preclude the need for further surgical diagnostic procedures in several patients with hilar and/or mediastinal adenopathy due to causes other than sarcoidosis.     

经支气管镜针吸活检术在肺部及纵隔疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨经支气管镜针吸活检术(TBNA)在肺部及纵隔疾病中的临床应用价值。方法对42例肺部及纵隔病变进行针吸活检,观察阳性率。结果 42例均针吸或活检成功,确诊率76.2%,无严重并发症。结论 TBNA对肺部及纵隔疾病诊断率高,并发症少。     

气道内超声对经支气管针吸活检的作用

气道内超声(endobronchial ultrasonography,EBUS)检查是一种新型的气道腔内诊断技术,将超声微探头通过气管镜工作通道送入气道内进行横断面环形扫描,对气管道壁各层结构具有高分辨率,判断肿瘤对气道壁的浸润深度;可扩展气管镜的检查范围至管腔外,清楚显示气道外邻近的血管、淋巴结以及占位性病变,有效引导经支气管针吸活检,提高经支气管针吸活检术的诊断率.     

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of lesions in mediastinum

Background

Lesions in mediastinum can represent malignancy and warrants further workup. Commonly a diagnosis is achieved by conventional bronchoscopy, transbronchial needle aspiration or CT guided fine needle aspiration, however a number of patients remain undiagnosed despite these common investigations

Methods

During a period of 36 months 601 patients underwent EBUS at our institution. Two hundred ninety three patients had an established diagnosis of lung cancer and were referred to us for mediastinal staging. The remaining patients had a radiologically suspicious intrathoracic lesion of which 107 had an undiagnosed lesion in mediastinum. All patients had been investigated by previous chest CT and bronchoscopy including brush cytology but remained undiagnosed.

Results

Of the 107 patients with undiagnosed lesions in the mediastinum 89 enlarged lymph nodes and 18 mediastinal tumours. Forty-eight of the 89 patients (54%) with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were diagnosed by EBUS of the remaining 41 patients 11 went on to more invasive methods. In patients with undiagnosed tumours in mediastinum we achieved a final diagnosis by EBUS in 14 of the 18 patients (78%) and 3 went on to more invasive methods.

Conclusion

EBUS provides a final diagnosis in 78% of patients with tumour in mediastinum and in more than half of patients with enlarged lymph nodes despite previous workup.     

经支气管针吸活检术在呼吸系统疾病诊治中的应用

经支气管针吸活检术（ transbronchial needle aspiration，TBNA）是一种获取气道壁、肺实质以及邻近支气管树纵隔内病变部位的细胞学、组织学或微生物学标本的技术。自上世纪50年代阿根廷医生Schieppatti将硬质气管镜应用于临床以来，一直未能在临床上得到应用，直到80年代初将此技术应用于可弯曲支气管镜后，才在临床广泛开展，并在纵隔及肺门肿大淋巴结的诊断及鉴别诊断、肺癌的早期诊断和分期、     

CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检对肺周围性病变的诊断价值

目的 评价CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术在肺内病变中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析165例行CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术的肺内周围性病变资料.结果 经手术、病理及临床随访证实恶性肿瘤114例,良性病变51例.穿刺病理恶性108例,准确率为94.7%,假阴性6例,无假阳性;良性病变41例,准确率为80.4%,穿刺总准确率为90.0%.发生并发症11例,发生率为7.0%,其中气胸4例,少量肺出血2例,肋间神经痛1例.结论 CT引导经皮肺细针抽吸活检术是一种微创、准确度较高、并发症较少的有效检查方法,有助于肺部病变的诊断与鉴别诊断,具有较高的临床价值.     

经皮肺穿刺活检和经支气管肺活检对不同周围型肺病诊断价值的评价

目的 评估CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检(TNLB)和支气管镜下经支气管肺活检(TBLB)两种途径对肺部周围性病变诊断的有效性.方法 268例患者肺部CT表现为周围型肺病,其中108例接受CT引导下TNLB,160例接受TBLB.结果 TNLB和TBLB阳性率分别为65.7%和42.5%,对恶性病变的特异性均为100,0%,...     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围性病变的诊断价值

目的评价CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围占位性病变的诊断价值。方法对39例肺周围性病变的患者行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检。结果39例中恶性病变29例,良性病变9例,1例因取材少,无病理结果。结论CT引导下经皮肺活检对明确肺周围性病变的性质具有较高的临床实用价值。     

经气管镜针吸活检诊断纵隔疾病的价值

目的 探讨经气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)对纵隔疾病的诊断价值。方法 对32例肺CT检查显示气管、支气管旁纵隔肿物的患者进行气管镜针吸活检术，穿刺部位分别为气管旁、隆突前、隆突后、隆突下、左右气管旁。结果 19例气管镜检查无气管黏膜及管腔改变，9例出现气管轻度外压型改变，4例气管局部软骨环消失；32例患者共进行穿刺78个位点针刺活检。诊断阳性例数为24例，阳性率为75％，其中10例(31％)为非小细胞肺癌，7例(22％)为肺鳞癌，4例(13％)为肺腺癌，1例(3％)为结节病，1例(3％)为纵隔积液，1例(3％)为纵隔脓肿，其他6例(19％)涂片发现正常淋巴细胞，2例(6％)发现慢性炎症细胞，除6例(19％)穿刺后小量一过性局部出血外无其他并发症。结论 TBNA是诊断气管旁纵隔疾病安全有效的方法。     

Evaluation of transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma

Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (TBNA), utilizing the flexible fibrobronchoscope, was one of the diagnostic procedures administered to the 148 cases examined. By means of the combination of transbronchial biopsy with brushing, 110 of those 148 patients were determined to have lung cancer. Thus, the diagnostic yields of TBNA, biopsy and brushing were 70.9% (78/110) 69.09% (76/110) and 65.45% (72/110) respectively. TBNA combined with the forceps biopsy increased the diagnostic yields to 91.81% (101/110), and combined with forceps and brushing increased the diagnostic yields to 93.63% (103/110). Additionally, 38 among 148 cases with negative results in TBNA were finally proven not to have bronchogenic carcinoma. No false positive was detected. There were no serious complications in this series. Our study demonstrates that TBNA is a relatively simple, safe and effective technique in diagnosing patients suspected with lung cancer; it can be used in combination with biopsy of forceps and brushing.     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术在纵隔疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（endobronchialultrasound—guidedtransbronchialneedleaspiration,EBUS—TBNA）在纵隔疾病诊断中的价值。方法2009年1月至2010年12月对326例经CT扫描发现有纵隔病变患者,在支气管镜检查过程中完成EBUS—TBNA操作,直接涂片送检。结果326例患者中,192例常规气管镜检查无黏膜及管腔改变,47例局部黏膜增厚肿胀或有小结节样改变,62例管腔呈轻度外压型改变,25例气管局部软骨环消失。326例患者共穿刺486个位点,获得阳性诊断304例,阳性率为93．25％（304／326）,其中恶性肿瘤260例（79．75％,260／326）,分别为肺鳞癌81例、肺腺癌78例、肺大细胞未分化癌8例、肺小细胞未分化癌74例、肺淋巴瘤7例、难以分类的恶性肿瘤12例;良性病变44例,分别为结节病32例、结核病7例、慢性淋巴结炎5例。486个位点共穿刺576针,482针（83．6％,482／576）经纤维支气管镜针吸活检术（transbronehialneedleaspiration,TBNA）涂片获得阳性诊断,其中恶性肿瘤421针（肺鳞癌137针、肺腺癌124针、肺大细胞未分化癌19针、肺小细胞未分化癌117针、肺淋巴瘤11针、难以分类的恶性肿瘤13针）,良性病变61针（分别为结节病43针、结核病11针、慢性淋巴结炎7针）;48针涂片中可见多个淋巴细胞团,认为穿刺成功,但无阳性发现;29针涂片可见较多纤毛柱状上皮细胞,未穿透气管壁,穿刺失败;17针涂片未见明显的细胞成分。TBNA并发症：31例患者穿刺部位少量出血,勿需特别处理;5例穿刺针误刺入血管内抽出新鲜血液,及时更换穿刺点顺利完成操作;未出现纵隔气肿、纵隔感染等不良反应。患者均能很好耐受操作。结论EBUS—TBNA创伤性小、安全性高,是诊断纵隔病变的有效方法。