变形链球菌对牙面粘附机理的研究进展

变形链球菌对牙面粘附机理的研究进展詹玲综述刘天佳岳松龄审校成都华西医科大学口腔医学院（６１００４１）长期研究证明龋病是菌斑在牙面聚集引起的感染性疾病，细菌对牙面的粘附有高度的特异性，且常常是其在宿主定居的第一步［１］．变形链球菌族（Ｍｕｔａｎｓｓｔｒ...     

乳清抗体对变形链球菌粘附能力的影响

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测重组乳链球菌ＨＬ１０７免疫后孕兔乳清特异性抗体水平，用＾３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶同位素标记技术观察特异性抗体变形链球菌粘附能力的影响，结果表明，免疫后孕兔乳清中有高水平的特异性抗体产生，并且明显减少了变形链菌对唾液色被的羟基磷灰石的粘附，提示携带有变形链球菌表面蛋白抗原基因的重组乳链球菌ＨＬ１０７具有良好的免疫原性，乳清抗表面蛋白抗体降低了变形链球菌的粘附能力。     

变形链球菌的粘附机理

变形链球菌（变链菌）在牙面上的粘附和定居是龋病发生的始动因子。变链菌的葡萄糖基转移酶、表面大分子物质等自身生物学特性可能参与了变链菌在牙面上粘附定居的全过程。唾液中的某些蛋白作为变链菌粘附的受体促进其粘附，而另一些唾液蛋白凝集变链菌而有利其清除。本文对与变链菌粘附有关的自身生物学特性和唾液蛋白进行了综述。     

变形链球菌牙面粘附唾液受体的筛选和纯化

目的：筛选和纯化变形链球菌血清型ｃ（简称变链）的牙面粘附唾液受体。方法：用全唾液包被羟基磷灰石形成实验性获得性膜（ＳＡＰ）,后用１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ和０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液分步洗脱,再用Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ７５分子筛层析和ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ２５离子交换层析对ＳＡＰ组分进行分离纯化,用细菌粘附实验和细菌粘附竞争抑制实验筛选受体,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,等电聚焦电泳,淀粉酶活性测定等     

唾液抗PAc抗体对变形链球菌和茸毛链球菌粘附的抑制作用

作者采用同位素标记液闪技术研究唾液抗变形链球菌表面蛋白 (PAc)抗体对变形链球菌和茸毛链球菌在全唾液包被的羟基磷灰石 (SHA)上粘附的抑制作用。结果显示 ,含有高效价的特异性抗 PAc抗体的兔唾液使变形链球菌 Ingbritt在 SHA土的粘附数明显减少 ,而对茸毛链球菌 6 715的粘附无影响。提示抗 PAc抗体能抑制变形链球菌在唾液获得性膜上的粘附 ,这可能是特异性抗体抗龋作用的机制之一。     

人工合成变形链球菌表面蛋白多肽体外抗粘附实验

目的 :观察一种人工合成变形链球菌表面蛋白多肽体外抗粘附作用。方法 :H3标记细菌羟磷灰石法观察多肽体外抗粘附作用。结果 :对于S .mutansIngbritt和S .sobrinus 6 715 ,1pmol%D 1μmol均有抑制作用 ,抑制作用随多肽浓度增加而增加。多肽浓度在 1μmol有较强抑制作用。 结论 :人工合成变形链球菌表面蛋白多肽具有体外抗粘附 ,降低变形链球菌的粘附于羟磷灰石的作用 ,并且该多肽无直接抑菌作用 ,有可能成为一种新的生物防龋制剂。     

不同浓度的葡萄糖对变形链球菌初始粘附能力的影响

目的 研究不同浓度的葡萄糖对变形链球菌初始粘附能力的影响,同时观察高龋组、无龋组变形链球菌初始粘附能力的差别。方法 选取高龋组、无龋组变形链球菌（血清 c型）临床分离株各10株及1株参考株UA159,用唾液包被的羟基磷灰石（SHA）模拟口腔中牙面情况。各菌株分别在含3H的0.2%、1.0%、5.0%葡萄糖的液体培养基中培养,配成菌悬液。菌液与SHA作用90 min,清洗、吸干,液体闪烁计数测量各样本中粘附于SHA的细菌的量。各变形链球菌菌株在不同浓度葡萄糖条件下对SHA的粘附能力以粘附量CPM值表示。结果 变形链球菌高龋组分离株初始粘附能力明显高于无龋组分离株（P<0.05）;同时变形链球菌在不同浓度的葡萄糖营养条件下其初始
粘附能力也有统计学上的差别（P<0.05）,5.0%葡萄糖组粘附力最强,0.2%葡萄糖组粘附力最低,1.0%葡萄糖组粘附力界于两者之间。结论 ①变形链球菌的初始粘附能力可能与龋病的发生有关;②葡萄糖可能与变形链球菌的初始粘附相关,在一定范围内,葡萄糖可能会促进变形链球菌的 初始粘附。     

变形链球菌的粘附机理

变形链球菌(变链菌)在牙面上的粘附和定居是龋病发生的始动因子。变链菌的葡萄糖基转移酶、表面大分子物质等自身生物学特性可能参与了变链菌在牙面上粘附定居的全过程。唾液中的某些蛋白作为变链菌粘附的受体促进其粘附,而另一些唾液蛋白凝集变链菌而有利其清除。本文对与变链菌粘附有关的自身生物学特性和唾液蛋白进行了综述。     

唾液对变形链球菌Mutans和变形链球菌Sobrinus粘附的影响

用＾３Ｈ标记变形链球菌遗传分型Ⅰ型Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓＪＢＰ和ⅢＳ．ｓｏｂｒｉｎｕｓ６７１５，观察细菌在经兔唾液包被的羟磷灰石微珠表面的粘附量，以研究唾液对两种菌粘附的影响。结果表明，Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓＪＢＰ和Ｓ．ｓｏｂｒｉｎｕｓ６７１５对经唾液包被的ＨＡ上的粘附量有明显差异，Ｉ型ＪＢＰ的粘附量显著多于Ⅲ型６７１５，在无唾液包被的ＨＡ上，两者粘附量无明显差异。结果说明变形链球菌Ｉ型Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓ粘附的     

含C型变形链球菌表面蛋白P1抗体的唾液膜对两种变形链球菌粘附的影响

用提纯的Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓ ＭＴ６Ｒ细胞表面蛋白Ｐ１加弗氏佐剂通过局部唾液腺和背部皮下注射免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ鼠，得到含高效价Ｐ１抗体的大鼠唾液。用含Ｐ１抗体的唾液包被羟磷灰石微珠，观察含在唾液膜中的Ｃ型变链Ｐ１抗体对Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓ ＭＴ６Ｒ和Ｓ．ｓｏｂｒｉｎｕｓ ６７１５在ＨＡ表面粘附的影响。     

变形链球菌变链素粗提物活性的初步研究

目的 :测定变链菌临床株变链素粗提物的抑菌活性和热稳定性 ,为对变链素的进一步研究提供基础。方法 :用氯仿抽提 ,对其进行抗菌活性检测和热稳定性检测。结果 :10ml液体的粗提物 ,可形成直径 19mm的抑菌环 ,表明粗提物具有抗菌活性 ;将粗提物加热到 80℃ ,抗菌活性可维持 12 0min ,表明其中含有热稳定性抗菌物质。结论 :变链素的粗提物能反映变链素的活性和性质 ,适合于大量临床株的研究。     

变形链球菌群细菌在婴幼儿牙面定植因素的研究

目的探讨影响变形链球菌群细菌(Mutansstreptococci,MS)在婴幼儿牙面定植的因素。方法调查北京市123名7~42个月婴幼儿牙面MS定植的情况;同时对儿童进行口腔检查,并对家长进行问卷调查,获得了儿童喂养习惯、饮食习惯等方面的信息,运用Logistic回归分析影响MS定植的主要因素。结果进入Logis-tic回归方程的变量为牙齿萌出的数目和含糖食品的摄入,2项变量WALD值分别为17.411和5.637,OR值分别为3.287和2.739。结论影响MS定植最主要的因素是牙齿萌出的数目和含糖食品的摄入。     

Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in preschool children

Abstract – Numerous studies have reported a correlation between mutans streptococci levels and dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary mutans streptococci levels and caries in preschool children of low socioeconomic status. A total of 462 Head Start children, mean age 3.8 yr (range 2.0-5.3 yr), were examined by the modified method of R adike . Saliva samples from 458 of these children were collected with tongue blades and impressed onto mutans streptococci selective agar. Children's mutans streptococci levels were categorized as low (0 CPU), moderate (1–50 CPU) or high (>50 CPU), and the mean dmfs was 0.40, 1.92 and 4.88, respectively. All study groups (Black, Hispanic and White) had infection rates of approximately 83%; however, 39.1% of Black children had high mutans streptococci levels compared with 28.4% of White children. Pit/fissure caries was the most prevalent disease type in children with moderate or high mutans streptococci levels, although White children in the high group had significantly less of this pattern than Blacks and Hispanics. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the high mutans streptococci group were 91.3%, 57.5%. 69.3% and 86.3%. Results from this study indicate that differences between Black, Hispanic and While preschool children may influence caries activity within populations that have similar mutans streptococci infection levels and socioeconomic backgrounds.     

变形链球菌群在婴幼儿牙面初始定植的研究

目的　调查变形链球菌群细菌(MS)在婴幼儿牙面的定植情况,初步判婴幼儿牙面MS定植的敏感年龄。 方法　选取7~42个月婴幼儿123名,采集牙面菌斑,在选择性培养基上分离MS并通过生化试验对分离菌株进行 鉴定。结果　123名婴幼儿MS牙面定植率为41·5%,平均定植年龄为29个月;随年龄的增长,牙齿萌出数目的增 多,MS定植率增高,其中在25~31个月时的增高最为明显(P<0·01);MS的定植和龋齿的发生有相关性。结论　 婴幼儿牙面MS定植的敏感年龄是25~31个月,即第二乳磨牙萌出时期;龋齿的发生和MS定植有相关性。     

Detection of mutans streptococci in plaque samples from Mongolian preschool and school children

Mutans streptococci, in particular Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, are generally considered to be the principal microbial pathogen of dental caries. The objective of the study was to isolate S. mutans and S. sobrinus, identify them by PCR, and to compare their presence with the caries status and caries risk in Mongolian preschool and school children. Forty one preschool children aged 3–5 years and 40 school children aged 12–15 years were enrolled in this study. As assessed using Cariostat test, 75.6% of preschool children had high caries risk and 37.5% of school children had high caries risk. In preschool children, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were 100% and 36.6%, respectively; 63.4% were positive for S. mutans alone and 36.6% were positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. In school children, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were 100% and 25.0%, respectively; 75.0% carried S. mutans alone and 25.0% had both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The percentage of children positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus in the high caries risk group were significantly higher than those in the low risk group of either preschool (42.0% vs. 10.0%, P< 0.001) or school children (46.6% vs. 12.0%, P<0.001). Moreover, the caries status of children positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus were significantly higher than those positive for S. mutans alone (P< 0.01 for preschool children, and P< 0.05 for school children).     

Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva from children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The quantitative distribution of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva of insulin-dependent diabetic children was compared with a group of healthy children and related to the metabolic control of the disease. The study group, consisting of 94 boys and girls (age 4-19) with type 1 diabetes was matched by sex and age with a non-diabetic control group. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and flow rate, buffer capacity and the levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were analysed in all children. In the diabetic group, total salivary proteins and glucose content of saliva were determined. Data on caries experience were recorded from the dental cards of all children. There were no difference in the distribution or number of mutans streptococci between the groups, but significantly (p less than 0.05) lower levels of lactobacilli were found among the diabetic children. The number of lactobacilli was positively correlated (p less than 0.05) to glucose concentration in saliva. There was no difference in the prevalence of caries between the groups. The present findings suggest that the dietary treatment of young insulin dependent diabetics gives rise to a reduced number of lactobacilli in saliva but does not affect the mutans streptococci.     

纵向研究0-2岁婴幼儿变异链球菌群与早期婴幼儿龋的关系

目的探讨8～32个月婴幼儿牙菌斑中变异链球菌群的定植情况,并分析其早期定植与龋病关系。方法收集广州市花都区新华镇225名8月龄婴幼儿,每半年复查一次,持续两年,至婴幼儿32月龄。复查内容包括龋病检查和前牙牙菌斑样本收集。WHO诊断标准用于龋病诊断,选择性培养基及生化实验用于变异链球菌群的分离鉴定。统计方法采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果 8月、14月、20月、26月和32月龄变异链球菌群定植率分别为6.7%、31.2%、50.3%、61.0%和75.5%。其中,8月龄组有2名幼儿检出变异链球菌群未见乳牙萌出。变异链球菌群首次检出的平均年龄为（19.6±6.9）个月。婴幼儿乳牙变异链球菌群早期定植患龋率高于晚期定植,32月龄组差异有统计学意义（P=0.018）。结论变异链球菌群能在未萌牙口腔中检出,其定植率随年龄的增长而增加。变异链球菌群在前牙面的早期定植促进乳牙龋病的发生。     

Longitudinal study of the presence of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in relation to dental caries development in 3-24 month old Thai children

OBJECTIVE: To study the acquisition of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli in relation to dental caries development in 3-24 month old Thai children. METHODS: Salivary samples were collected from 169 children using sterile wooden tongue depressors at the ages of 3, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. The blades were pressed onto selective media for MS or lactobacilli. After incubation, the colony forming units of MS/lactobacilli were counted. Dental status was recorded from 9 months old using modified WHO criteria. RESULTS: The number of children with caries and number and severity of decayed teeth significantly increased with age. The presence of MS/lactobacilli was detectable at an early age and the cumulative prevalence of MS/lactobacilli increased with age. Children who were colonised early by MS or lactobacilli showed a higher number of decayed teeth than of those who were colonised later. The children with no MS/lactobacilli had significantly fewer decayed teeth and there was a significant correlation between MS/lactobacilli level and tooth decay. CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal study shows early colonisation of the mouths of Thai children by MS/lactobacilli and where there are persistently high levels of the bacterias increased risk of development of dental caries.     

儿童唾液变形链球菌与患龋状况关系的研究

目的：探讨唾液变形链球菌与儿童龋病的关系。方法：通过口腔健康检查,问卷调查等全面了解并分析350名3～7岁在园儿童龋患情况及影响乳牙龋病发生的危险因素。采用直接接种轻唾培养基法检测唾液中变形链球菌浓度,探讨其与患龋情况的关系。结果：350名被检儿童中263名患龋,总患龋率75.14%,龋均4.73,龋面均11.11。单因素分析显示年龄、牛奶或饮用水加糖、吃甜食及糖果糕点次数、父亲刷牙情况及月家庭经济收入与儿童的龋患程度相关（P〈0.05）。多因素回归分析显示年龄、牛奶或饮水加糖、每日进食糖果糕点次数、父亲刷牙情况是乳牙龋的重要影响因素。350例儿童唾液变形链球菌菌落数中位数为1.61×105 CFU/mL,无龋（dmfs=0）、低龋（1≤dmft〈6）、高龋（dmfs≥6）儿童间变形链球菌浓度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。其中184名早期入园的儿童通过为期一年的追踪观察显示唾液变形链球菌浓度与新增dmfs呈正相关关系。结论：儿童唾液变形链球菌浓度与龋患严重程度以及龋活跃性相关。     

Mutans streptococci and other caries-associated acidogenic bacteria in five-year-old children in South Africa

Correlations between mutans streptococci and caries are inconsistent; some studies show that early caries may occur with other bacterial species possessing the ability to survive, interact and compete with mutans streptococci. This study looked at the relationship between mutans streptococci, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces and Veillonella in saliva and plaque collected from four tooth sites in two ethnic groups, with and without caries. All samples were collected and cultured onto selective media. Colonies were enumerated and identified using biochemical tests. Pearson correlations showed low yet statistically significant correlations between plaque mutans streptococci counts and the number of decayed surfaces (ds) and decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs) of primary teeth in blacks and in coloreds (historical race classification). Salivary mutans streptococci counts correlated with ds and dmfs in coloreds. No relationship was found between ds, dmfs and Lactobacillus, Actinomyces or Veillonella numbers. Significant associations were evident between plaque mutans streptococci and Veillonella and Lactobacillus in black children with caries and between plaque mutans streptococci and Actinomyces and Lactobacillus and Veillonella in colored children. Hence, oral microbes are in constant flux but have interrelationships in children with caries.