彩色多普勒超声在诊治股动脉假性动脉瘤中的应用价值

目的评价彩色多普勒超声对股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断价值及彩超引导下对其压迫修复的疗效。方法对28例股动脉插管术后穿刺部位出现搏动性肿块和（或）血管杂音的患者行彩色多普勒超声检查，并在彩超引导下对股动脉假性动脉瘤进行压迫治疗，治疗后经彩超跟踪复查评价其疗效。结果28例股动脉假性动脉瘤患者全部检出，与临床和MRI、血管造影或手术结果符合率100％（28／28）。彩超引导下25例股动脉假性动脉瘤经压迫治愈，3例压迫后未能完全修复而行手术治疗。结论彩色多普勒超声对股动脉假性动脉瘤有较高的诊断价值，且在引导压迫修复股动脉假性动脉瘤方面简便、安全、可靠，可作为首选的治疗方法，对不适宜压迫修复的患者行手术等治疗。     

彩色多普勒血流显像监测PTCA术后穿刺部位并发症

目的：探讨PTCA术后穿刺部位并发症的彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）特点。方法：30例PTCA术后患者，穿刺部位发现包块和／或听诊有血管杂音，常规彩超检查股总动脉、股浅动脉、股总静脉、股浅静脉及血管周围组织。结果：14例单纯血肿；5例假性动脉瘤；2例血肿伴深静脉血栓形成；1例动静脉瘘；8例动脉硬化改变（股总动脉、股浅动脉内大量斑块沉积）。结论：PTCA术后穿刺部位的各种并发症在二维及彩色多普勒血流显方面有特征性改变；CDFI在诊断及随访各种并发症方面有重要作用。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断腹壁切口下并发症的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声（简称彩超）对腹壁切口下并发症的应用价值。方法：应用5．0－10MHz探头，进行二维，彩色血流，多普勒频谱检查，并与手术及病理结果对比，结果：20例并发症超声诊断全部符合。结论：彩色多普勒超声对腹壁切口下并发症的诊断与鉴别诊断具有很好的应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后并发症诊断及介入治疗中的应用

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后并发症诊断和介入治疗中的价值。方法：总结分析43例原位肝移植患者后并发症超声诊断和介入治疗结果。结果：超声正确诊断右侧胸腔积液41例，腹水17例，腹腔出血4例，肝门部脓肿，肝动脉血栓，门静脉血栓，肝静脉血栓，胆总管狭窄及肝癌腹发各1例，成功进行超声引导介入治疗5例及肝活检21例，误诊肝动脉血栓形成（假阳性）1例。结论：彩超在肝移植术后并发症诊断和介入治疗中具有重要的实用价值。肝动脉血栓形成诊断假阳性问题有待进一步研究和改进。     

超声及彩色多普勒血流显像在移植肾中的应用价值

目的：观察肾移植术后移植肾形态，体积及血管血流参数在急性排异（AR），急性肾小管坯（ATN）的变化，旨在探讨彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）对移植肾术后并发症的诊断意义。方法：以超声及CDFI，能量多普勒（PDS），对108例肾移植患进行检查，所用指标为肾皮质厚，肾体积（V），阻力指数（RI），搏动指数（PI）。结果：AR组较正常组皮质增厚，体积明显增大（P＜0．05），ATN组与正常组之间无显性差异，以RI＞0．81诊断AR的特异性为78．9％，敏感性为83．3％。结论：彩色多普勒超声是诊断移植肾术后并发症较实用的监测方法，具有良好的临床应用价值。     

五例背驮式肝移植术后彩色多普勒超声监测的意义

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声监测肝移植术后患者的临床意义。方法：对5例背驮式肝移植术后患者进行彩色多普勒超声监测，观察肝实质，各吻合血管及周围脏器的情况。结果：各项监测内容为术后的临床处置提供重要依据。结论：彩色多普勒超声是肝移植术后患者监测必不可少的方法。     

彩色多普勒超声检测门静脉栓塞者肝移植术后并发症的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对合并门静脉栓塞者进行肝移植术后并发症的诊断价值。方法回顾分析了20例合并门静脉栓塞的患者肝移植术后并发症的发生情况及彩色多普勒超声检查结果。结果发生门静脉再栓塞5例,均为术前门静脉完全栓塞者;发生下腔静脉栓塞3例;发生胆道并发症2例;胸腔及腹腔积液各20例。结论合并门静脉栓塞者肝移植术后并发症发生率较高,彩色多普勒超声对移植术后并发症的诊断具有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在肾移植术后的应用

肾移植术后常发生多种术后并发症,这将直接关系到移植肾的存活和患者的生命,本文对78例肾移植术后进行彩色多普勒分析认为应用彩色普勒可随时观察移植肾成活情况及变化,为临床诊断提供快捷可靠的依据。     

肝移植术后血管并发症的超声诊断

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断意义。方法：回顾性分析和总结16例原位肝移植术后血管并发症的彩色多普勒超声检查资料。检测指标包括肝动脉及左右分支的峰值速度、阻力指数、加速度及加速时间。门静脉平均流速。结果：7例动脉并发症（血栓形成2例。肝动脉狭窄4例。肝动脉痉挛1例）的彩色多普勒超声表现为肝动脉狭窄处的高速高阻血流并伴有湍流。而狭窄远端肝内动脉峰值速度〈40cm／s。阻力指数〈0．5。加速时间〉0．08s。加速度〈300cm／s，9例门静脉并发症（5例门静脉狭窄．4例门静脉血栓形成）表现为门静脉主干最狭窄处直径〈3．5mm，门静脉狭窄处或近端探测到连续不均匀回声团。结论：彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断具有重要的指导意义。     

彩色多普勒超声在下肢动脉闭塞性疾病中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢动脉闭塞性疾病中的价值。方法对32例经手术、MRI、DSA等证实的下肢动脉闭塞性疾病进行彩色多普勒超声检查，其中急性7例，慢性23例，2例为人造血管术后。仪器选用百胜AU-4。结果彩色多普勒能显示被栓动脉病变情况，包括狭窄、闭塞及侧枝等。本组彩超诊断下肢动脉闭塞性疾病的符合率为90．6％(29／32)。结论彩色多普勒超声能帮助提高下肢动脉闭塞性疾病的诊断准确性。     

彩超对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的诊断

目的探讨彩超对医源性股动脉的假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的诊断价值。方法心导管术后出现右腹股沟搏动性包块或异常血管杂音的12例患者行彩超检查。结果12例患者中，8例诊断为假性动脉瘤，4例诊断为动静脉瘘。结论彩超能明确诊断心导管术后发生的假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘，可作为首选的检查方法。     

Color flow and image-directed Doppler ultrasound evaluation of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas in the groin

Color flow image-directed Doppler ultrasound was used to image 9 iatrogenic arteriovenous (AV) fistulas in the groin following femoral artery catheterization. Characteristic findings in the color images and spectral waveforms seen in most patients included (1) visible connection between the artery and vein (8 cases); (2) a multicolored speckled mass at the fistula site (7 cases); (3) spreading of color pixels into the extraluminal soft tissues (7 cases); (4) high diastolic flow in the arterial waveform proximal to the fistula site (7 cases); (5) decreased flow in the artery caudal to the fistula (5 cases); and (6) high velocity turbulent flow, sometimes with a pulsatile component, in the vein near the fistula (9 cases). The authors conclude that color flow imaging is useful in differentiating an AV fistula from other complications of femoral artery catheterization, such as pseudoaneurysm or hematoma.     

Diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms

Color Doppler is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Although surgery is still necessary in a limited number of patients, most can be treated with ultrasound-guided thrombin injection. Success exceeds 90% and complications are much lower than surgery. Although rare, the major complication is embolization into the femoral artery. This can be minimized by using as little thrombin as possible, and by avoiding small pseudoaneurysms with short necks.     

Sonographic evaluation of vascular injuries.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the color Doppler duplex sonographic features of procedure-related and blunt or penetrating trauma-related vascular injuries. METHODS: Different kinds of vascular complications such as pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, dissection, and thrombosis are discussed. Cases of vascular injuries in the extremities, neck, and abdomen are presented to illustrate the spectrum of sonographic appearances. RESULTS: Color Doppler duplex sonography is valuable in the diagnosis and monitoring of most vessel injuries and in the treatment of pseudoaneurysms. It is useful for flow analysis and for follow-up after treatment. However, because of limitations inherent to sonography, such as bones, air, casts, skin burns, and relatively slow performance of the test, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and angiography are necessary for further evaluation in selected cases. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler duplex sonography is a widely available, noninvasive, and accurate technique for evaluating vascular injuries and should be the first-line imaging modality in most patients.     

彩色多普勒超声检查在诊断原位肝移植术后胆道并发症中的作用——与胆道造影术对比性研究60例分析

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查（彩超）在肝移植术后胆道并发症诊断中的作用。方法：分析行肝移植的312例患者发生胆道并发症的情况,以胆道造影术为金标准评价彩超在诊断这些患者胆道并发症诊断中的作用。结果：共60例患者行胆道造影术明确胆道并发症的诊断,在胆道造影检查前2周内所行的胆道彩超结果示,彩超诊断胆道梗阻、胆漏、胆泥、胆结石敏感度分别为82％、80％、40％、100％;特异度分别为100％、100％、84％、96％。结论：彩超在诊断胆道并发症中敏感度、特异度较高,对诊断胆道并发症具有一定的意义。     

彩色多普勒超声对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对子宫腺肌病的诊断价值。方法:采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDS)和经腹部彩色多普勒超声(TAS)检测有痛经等症状者63例。结果:超声诊断子宫腺肌病63例。合并盆腔内膜异位症者18例。手术治疗者42例,术后经病理证实者36例,诊断符合率85.7%(36/42)。TVCDS诊断符合率89.3%(25/28),TAS诊断符合率71.4%(10/14)。结论:彩色多普勒超声检查是目前诊断子宫腺肌病的主要方法之一,其具有无创及可重复性强的特点,可作为子宫腺肌病诊断和疗效评估的常规检查项目。TVCDS及TAS联合应用可提高子宫腺肌病的超声诊断符合率。     

肾静脉血栓的彩色多普勒诊断

目的　应用彩色多普勒技术对临床可疑有肾静脉血栓的病人进行检查。以期获得肾静血栓时的彩色多普勒表现。方法　对临床可疑有肾静脉血栓的病人进行肾主静脉、肾内各级静脉及伴行动脉测量。测量和观察肾脏回声、彩色束量的多少、频谱形态、血流速度和阻力指数。结果　５ 例为肾病综合征,２ 例为肿瘤、１ 例肾移植术后和１ 例病因不明。２ 例双肾肾主静脉和下腔静脉血栓,７ 例为肾内小静脉栓塞。结论　彩色多普勒对肾静脉血栓的诊断既快速实用又没有并发症,应作为影像学诊断的首选方法。     

彩超诊断肝移植术后肝动脉血栓和狭窄的价值

目的:探讨彩超对肝移植术后肝动脉血栓和狭窄的诊断价值。方法:彩超检查135例肝移植术后患者的肝实质回声、肝动脉血流、肝动脉阻力指数、收缩期加速度时间、频谱流速曲线形态。结果:彩超发现肝动脉血栓7例。4例出现肝内单发或多发低回声区,6 例显示肝门或肝内无动脉血流,1例表现为肝动脉阻力指数降低和收缩期加速度时间延长,肝动脉狭窄2例,肝动脉阻力指数降低和收缩期加速度时间延长。结论:彩超对肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的检测具有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断医源损伤性假性动脉瘤的价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在诊断冠状动脉造影术后引发的医源损伤性假性动脉瘤的临床价值。方法：经股动脉穿刺,行冠状动脉造影术而发生的股动脉假性动脉瘤共39例,所有患者都采用高频彩色多普勒诊断仪,对动脉瘤的二维超声图像、彩色多普勒图像及脉冲多普勒图像进行分析。结果：39例假性动脉瘤患者在穿刺部位动脉的一侧均显示一搏动性无回声区或混合性低回声区;彩色多普勒显示无回声区内呈涡流或旋转样血流信号,表现为一半红色一半蓝色;脉冲多普勒显示典型的双期双向频谱。39例假性动脉瘤彩色多普勒超声诊断完全明确。其中32例在彩色多普勒超声监控下行人工加压包扎修复。7例经血管外科手术修补治疗。结论：彩色多普勒超声在诊断冠状动脉造影术后造成的医源损伤性假性动脉瘤,在观察动脉瘤的大小、形态、瘤体的结构,判断来源动脉破口定位上准确、简便、无创,且可在超声引导下行安全无创治疗,可作为该病诊断及治疗的首选方法。     

Groin hernias in adults: value of color Doppler sonography in their classification.

PURPOSE: We assessed the abilities of color Doppler and power Doppler sonography to distinguish among types of groin hernias by demonstrating the inferior epigastric artery (IEA) and its relationship with the hernia sac. METHODS: Nineteen consecutive patients (14 men and 5 women), clinically diagnosed as having groin hernias and scheduled to undergo herniorrhaphy, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Ultrasound examinations were performed preoperatively with a 6-12-MHz linear-array transducer. The IEA was identified, if possible, and its relationship to the hernia sac assessed. The sonographic diagnoses were compared with the operative findings. RESULTS: There were 15 indirect inguinal hernias, 4 direct inguinal hernias, and 1 femoral hernia; 1 patient had bilateral inguinal hernias (indirect and direct). In 18 (90%) of 20 hernia cases, the trunk segment of the IEA could be visualized. In 11 (55%) of 20 hernia cases, the origin segment of the IEA could be visualized and its relationship with the hernia sac assessed. In 9 (82%) of the 11 hernia cases, hernia types were correctly diagnosed by sonography. The overall accuracy of sonography for diagnosing the type of hernia was 45% (9 of 20 hernias). CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler sonography can accurately differentiate types of groin hernias if the origin segment of the IEA and the hernia sac can be visualized simultaneously. However, color Doppler sonography sometimes failed to visualize this segment.