肺、胆囊、膀胱原发肝样腺癌三例临床病理学观察

目的:探讨发生在罕见部位（肺、胆囊、膀胱）的肝样腺癌临床病理特征和诊断要点。方法:分析武汉大学人民医院2017—2019年诊治的3例分别发生在肺、胆囊、膀胱的肝样腺癌临床病理资料,观察其组织学形态及免疫表型特征,并复习相关文献。结果:镜下肿瘤细胞排列呈实片状、梁状、腺管状、乳头状,肿瘤细胞边界清楚,体积大,多角型,异型...     

肾上腺腺瘤样瘤1例

患者男性,33岁,B超发现右肾上腺包块3个月;无高血压;血肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素水平正常.体检:双肾区扣击痛,无其他阳性体征.彩超示左肾盏内结石;右肾上腺体积增大,边界清,内部回声不均匀,血流信号稀疏.CT示右肾上腺区呈椭圆形块影,2.5 cm×3.0 cm×3.7 cm,边界清,有轻度不均匀强化.2007年5月在武警四川总队成都医院行右肾上腺切除术,术中见右肾上腺增大,直径约4 cm,表面不平.切除标本送四川大学华西医院病理科会诊.     

原发性颅内尤因肉瘤2例临床病理学特征

目的探讨原发性颅内尤因肉瘤的临床病理学特征。方法回顾性分析了2021年间收治的2例原发性颅内尤因肉瘤患者的临床资料、影像学特征、组织病理学形态以及免疫组织化学。结果本组2例分别为男性17岁(例1), 女性48岁(例2), 镜下均为小圆细胞恶性肿瘤, 细胞核深染, 染色质细腻, 呈粉尘样或椒盐样, 核仁不明显, 核分裂象明显。免疫表型CD99均弥漫阳性, Ki-67阳性指数70%~80%, 不表达与神经胶质细胞、神经束膜细胞、肌细胞或淋巴细胞分化相关的免疫标记抗原。荧光原位杂交检测EWSR1(22q12)基因断裂重排阳性。结论原发性颅内尤因肉瘤罕见, 其诊断主要依据组织学检查、免疫组织化学分析和基因检测, 肿瘤完整切除联合放疗化疗可能是最有益的治疗方法, 年龄和疾病阶段是重要的预后因素。     

肾上腺腺瘤样瘤2例临床病理观察

目的探讨肾上腺腺瘤样瘤(adenomatoid tumor,AT)的临床病理学特征。方法对2例肾上腺AT的临床表现、影像学、组织学和免疫表型特征进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献。结果例1女性,26岁,例2男性,32岁,均为体检时偶然发现肾上腺占位,无临床症状。例1,CT示右肾上腺内外侧肢交界处有一直径约1.3 cm的低密度结节,境界清楚,轻度强化。镜下见瘤组织由大量不规则的腺样、微囊或囊状结构组成,部分管腔内含黏液;瘤细胞多为单层扁平或柱状细胞,极少区域为印戒样细胞,核无异型性,未见核分裂象。例2,CT示左侧肾上腺见一最大径为4.8 cm的椭圆形肿块,边界清楚,瘤体灶区轻~中度强化。镜下见瘤组织呈大小不等、相互吻合的腺样、微囊及灶性实性结构排列,并浸润至周围正常肾上腺组织和外周脂肪组织;瘤细胞多为扁平或印戒样细胞,核无明显异型性,未见核分裂;间质见淋巴细胞浸润伴淋巴滤泡形成。免疫表型:2例瘤组织中CK、MC、D2-40、WT-1、Calretinin及vimentin均(+),Syn、CgA、NSE、CD34、CD31及p53均(-),Ki-67增殖指数≤1%。术后2例分别随访2个月及4年9个月,均无复发转移。结论肾上腺AT是一种罕见的良性间皮源性肿瘤,影像学及实验室检查无特征性改变,结合病理学形态及免疫表型可明确诊断。     

子宫腺瘤样瘤49例临床病理分析

目的探讨子宫腺瘤样瘤的组织发生、临床病理特点及鉴别诊断。方法分析49例子宫腺瘤样瘤临床病理学资料，其中14例行特殊染色和免疫组化染色。结果49例子宫腺瘤样瘤占同期子宫标本的1．3％，肿瘤多位于子宫肌壁间，其次为近子宫角和宫体或宫底浆膜下，内膜下少见。肿瘤直径0．5～5cm，临床表现无特征性。瘤细胞组成形态不一的腺样及腔隙样结构，腔隙内衬以扁平或立方上皮细胞，大多数表现为脉管样形态。全部病例均伴平滑肌增生。14例腔隙内黏液物Alician B1ue染色阳性，PAS染色阴性。免疫表型：不同类型CK、vimentin、SMA及calretinin阳性，FⅧRAg、CEA、EMA、ER及PR阴性。结论子宫腺瘤样瘤并非罕见，临床和病理上均易误诊和漏诊。瘤细胞表达CK和calretinin，不表达FⅧRAg、CEA和EMA，上述指标对子宫腺瘤样瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断均具有重要意义。本组研究结果也支持子宫腺瘤样瘤为间皮来源。     

腺瘤样腺癌10例临床病理学及分子学特征

目的 探讨腺瘤样腺癌的临床病理学及分子学特征。方法 收集10例腺瘤样腺癌和46例高分化非特殊型腺癌的手术切除标本,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测MLH1、MSH2、MSH6、PMS2蛋白表达;采用ARMS法和荧光定量PCR法检测10例腺瘤样腺癌和6例高分化非特殊型腺癌中KRAS、NRAS、PIK3CA和BRAF基因突变情况。结果 腺瘤样腺癌大体类型上均为息肉型。腺瘤样腺癌与高分化非特殊型腺癌相比,在患者性别、年龄、肿瘤最大径、发生位置、T分期等指标上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。7例术前行病理活检,镜下发现腺体有明显的黏液分泌旺盛现象。错配修复蛋白检测显示均为错配修复基因完整型,分子检测显示2例有KRAS基因突变。生存分析显示,所有腺瘤样腺癌患者均生存,而高分化非特殊型腺癌的总生存率为72.5%。结论 腺瘤样腺癌是一种少见的结直肠腺癌类型,具有良好的生物学行为和预后,以及独特的分子特征。术前活检绒毛状腺瘤腺上皮黏液分泌亢进可能为腺瘤样腺癌的一个组织学特征。     

淋巴上皮瘤样癌临床病理学特征

目的探讨淋巴上皮瘤样癌(LELC)的临床病理学特点、诊断、鉴别诊断及预后。方法分析2008年1月至2018年12月台州恩泽医疗中心(集团)浙江省台州医院收集的21例LELC的临床资料、病理特点、免疫组织化学染色及原位杂交结果,并复习相关文献。结果21例LELC中,发生于涎腺8例、胃5例、肺6例、乳腺1例、宫颈1例。HE染色显微镜下形态相似,在丰富的淋巴细胞背景中见散在分布低分化或未分化的癌细胞,呈巢片状排列,免疫组织化学显示癌细胞表达广谱细胞角蛋白(CKpan)、p63、p40,间质反应性淋巴细胞表达CD8、CD20。原位杂交EB病毒编码的小RNA(EBER,16/21)阳性。结论LELC是少见的上皮性恶性肿瘤,大部分与EB病毒感染相关,具有独特的临床病理学特征,预后相对较好。     

宫颈微偏腺癌六例伴五例卵巢转移的临床病理学分析

目的:探讨宫颈微偏腺癌（minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of cervix,MDA）伴卵巢转移临床病理特征。方法:收集四川省肿瘤医院2014年1月至2019年12月确诊MDA 6例伴卵巢转移5例,总结其临床病理特点及HER2表达状况,并结合文献复习。结果:6例患者年龄33~71岁,中位...     

胃肠道上皮样血管肉瘤四例临床病理学观察

目的探讨胃肠道血管肉瘤的临床病理特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法分析4例胃肠道血管肉瘤的临床病理资料,荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测C-MYC基因是否扩增。结果2例发生在胃,1例在十二指肠与空肠交汇处,1例位于回肠。4例均为中老年人,女1例,男3例。年龄51~62岁。镜下,肿瘤在黏膜层与肌层浸润性生长;见大片血湖及含铁血黄素沉积,形成假裂隙样或腺样结构;瘤细胞呈梭形或上皮样。免疫组织化学4例均弥漫强阳性表达CD31、ERG、Fli-1;3例弥漫强阳性表达CD34;3例不同程度的表达细胞角蛋白和上皮细胞膜抗原;3例FISH检测C-MYC均为阴性。结论胃肠道血管肉瘤是一种罕见的起源于血管内皮细胞的恶性肉瘤,活检标本极易被误诊为低分化腺癌。     

垂体细胞瘤21例临床病理学特征

目的:探讨垂体细胞瘤的临床病理学特征及诊治要点。方法:收集南京医科大学第一附属医院及东部战区总医院2009—2020年诊治的21例垂体细胞瘤患者资料,分析21例患者的临床资料、影像学、形态学及免疫组织化学结果,并结合文献进行分析。结果:21例垂体细胞瘤中男性8例,女性13例;年龄4~68岁。所有患者均行手术治疗。镜下见...     

Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland: a clinicopathologic study of 3 cases

Adenomatoid tumors are relatively uncommon benign neoplasms of mesothelial origin, usually occurring in the male and female genital tracts. Rare extragenital adenomatoid tumors have been identified in the adrenal glands, heart, mesentery, pleura, and lymph nodes. In the adrenal gland, adenomatoid tumors may pose a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis includes adrenocortical carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma, especially signet ring cell carcinoma. Because of its glandular pattern, an adenomatoid tumor may be confused with an adenocarcinoma. We present 3 cases of adrenal adenomatoid tumors, including one with a concurrent large hemorrhagic vascular adrenal cyst. The adenomatoid tumors were unilateral, appeared solid and white, and varied from 1.7 to 4.2 cm in diameter. They occurred in 3 male patients aged 33, 33, and 46 years. One patient presented with abdominal pain due to the presence of a concurrent large adrenal cyst. The tumor was an incidental radiological finding in another case and was discovered during the course of a workup for hypertension in the third case. The light microscopic appearances were consistent with those of typical adenomatoid tumors. Immunohistochemical stains for calretinin and cytokeratin 5/6 were positive, confirming the tumors' mesothelial origin. Ultrastructural studies performed in 2 cases revealed microvilli and desmosomes. Follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. In our experience, the key to the diagnosis of this rare benign tumor is to consider adenomatoid tumor in the differential diagnosis of any glandular tumor occurring in the adrenal gland.     

Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland.

An adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland is presented. The tumor was discovered in a patient with hypertension and was clinically mistaken for a pheochromocytoma. This is the first reported case, to my knowledge, of an adenomatoid tumor within the adrenal gland, with the exception of one previous article in which the lesion was mistaken for a lymphangioma. This case illustrates that adenomatoid tumors can rarely occur in extragenital locations, even in regions presumably devoid of mesothelial cells.     

Adenomatoid tumor of the right adrenal gland: a case report

Adenomatoid tumor of adrenal gland is a very rare primary tumor with favourable prognosis. The mesothelial origin of this tumor was confirmed by multiple studies of various authors. This origin was proven by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations. In our case report, we present an interesting case of the adenomatoid tumor of the right adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman. Our case is the second well-documented case of this tumor occurring in a female adult patient. We emphasize the presence of an intraluminal thread-like bridging strands, generally considered to be a characteristic histologic feature of this tumor, which have not yet been reported in literature in adenomatoid tumor located in adrenal glands.     

Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland with micronodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia

We report a case of an adenomatoid tumor (AT) of an adrenal gland with micronodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia (ACH). A 51-year-old man was found to have newly developed hypertension with clinical evidence of primary aldosteronism. A computerized tomogram of the abdomen revealed a solitary mass in the right adrenal gland. He underwent a right adrenalectomy for a presumptive clinical diagnosis of a solitary aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma. On histopathologic examination, the adrenal gland demonstrated an AT, diagnosed by the characteristic histological features, immunohistochemical stain results, and electron microscopic findings. The surrounding adrenal cortex showed multiple small hyperplastic cortical nodules. After the adrenalectomy, the patient's blood pressure normalized. Primary AT of the adrenal gland coexisting with micronodular ACH associated with hypertension has not been previously reported.     

Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland: case report with immunohistochemical study

Adrenal adenomatoid tumor (AT) is a recently recognized disease with marked male predominance. Herein is presented a case of adrenal AT incidentally found in a 30-year-old man and results of immunohistochemical examination of the tumor. The left adrenal gland, weighing 17 g, contained a mass measuring 3 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm in the cortical tissue. Cut surface showed a relatively well-circumscribed firm tumor with a white solid appearance. Histologically, the tumor had the typical appearance of AT described in the genital tract. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for calretinin, D2-40, WT1, mesothelial cell antigen, CA125, thrombomodulin, vimentin and cytokeratins (stained by AE1 + AE3, OV-TL 12/30, CAM5.2 and MNF116), and negative for endothelial markers (CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigen) and CD56. CD56-positive adrenocortical cells were diffusely scattered in the tumor, especially in its periphery. Immunohistochemistry of estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors was negative. These findings confirm mesothelial origin of the tumor and suggest that this tumor has little relation to sex hormone despite male predominance.     

Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical demonstration of a mesothelial origin

We describe an adenomatoid tumor arising in the left adrenal gland of a patient who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for the ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. The mesothelial origin of the tumor was confirmed by electron microscopy and positive immunohistochemical staining for keratin. The tumor had a prominent cystic component raising the question whether adrenal cysts are derived from mesothelial inclusions. It is proposed that consideration be given to adding a new category of "mesothelial cysts" to the classification of adrenal gland cysts.     

中枢神经系统非典型畸胎瘤样/横纹肌样瘤10例临床病理分析

目的 探讨中枢神经系统非典型畸胎瘤样/横纹肌样瘤(atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor,AT/RT)的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及预后.方法 回顾性分析2016年～2019年中南大学湘雅医院诊治的10例AT/RT的临床、影像学及病理学特征,并对其进行随访及相关文献复习.结果 10例患者发...     

钙化性纤维性肿瘤32例临床病理学分析

目的探讨钙化性纤维性肿瘤(CFT)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法收集河南省人民医院病理科(22例)及解放军陆军特色医学中心病理科(10例)2009年6月至2019年2月期间诊治的32例CFT患者的临床及病理学资料。采用免疫组织化学染色检测波形蛋白、CD34、间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)、CD117、S-100蛋白等的表达情况;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法行C-KIT、PDGFRA检测;荧光原位杂交(FISH)法检测是否有ALK基因重排或MDM2基因扩增。结果患者年龄范围15~63岁,平均40.8岁,男性12例,女性20例,11例发生于胃,4例发生于腹膜后,4例位于卵巢,阴囊、纵隔、头颈部各2例,胸腔、肺、肾上腺、肾脏、乙状结肠、附睾和输卵管系膜各1例。大体均表现为界限清楚的实性肿块,肿瘤最大径0.6~10.0 cm。镜下特点均为玻璃样变的胶原纤维组织内伴有钙化或沙砾体形成,纤维母细胞稀疏,间质内散在或成片淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润。免疫组织化学示梭形细胞恒定表达波形蛋白,9.4%(3/32)病例表达CD34,而calponin、平滑肌肌动蛋白、结蛋白、S-100蛋白、SOX10、STAT6、β-catenin、ALK、CD117、DOG1、广谱细胞角蛋白、上皮细胞膜抗原均呈阴性。全部病例行FISH检测ALK均无重排,11例发生于胃、4例发生于腹膜后及1例发生于乙状结肠的病例行C-KIT、PDGFRA分子检测均未见突变,4例腹膜后病例FISH检测MDM2均无扩增。结论CFT是一种少见的良性纤维母细胞性肿瘤,其诊断主要依靠组织形态及免疫表型。不同部位CFT应注意与其他良恶性梭形细胞间叶性肿瘤相鉴别。     

卵巢Brenner肿瘤24例临床病理分析

目的 探讨卵巢Brenner肿瘤(Brenner tumor,BT)的临床病理学特征、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析2013年3月 ～2020年3月南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院收治的24例卵巢BT患者的临床资料、病理学特征及免疫表型,并复习相关文献.结果 24例BT中16例(66.7％)为良性BT,7例(29.2％)为...     

Cystic lymphangioma of adrenal gland: a clinicopathological study of 3 cases and review of literature

Cystic lymphangioma of the adrenal gland is a rare and benign lesion, most often found incidentally during abdominal imaging studies, abdominal surgery or at autopsy. We aimed to retrospectively review all adrenal lymphangioma cases at our hospital, further document their lymphatic origin by immunohistochemical staining and discuss the differential diagnosis with other cystic adrenal gland lesions. A total of 3 adrenal lymphangioma cases were identified. All three patients were men and adults at time of diagnosis aged 41 years, 43 years, and 66 years, respectively. All were incidentally identified during investigating for unrelated reasons, two of which were discovered by routine radiologic check-up while the last one was found during imaging detection of ureteral cancer. The average size of an adrenal lymphangioma lesion was 3.2 cm (range, 2.5-4.6 cm). Histologically, all three cases showed a typical multicystic architecture with dilated spaces lined by flattened, bland, simple lining. The cystic spaces occasionally contained proteinaceous material but lacked red blood cell content. On immunohistochemical stains, D2-40 cytoplasmic staining was positive in all three lesions, whereas AE1/AE3 was negative, thus, confirming their lymphatic nature.