Isolation and characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci for the giant clam Hippopus hippopus (family Tridacnidae)

Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Hippopus hippopus in order to assess the effectiveness of population replenishment within marine protected areas in New Caledonia. Number of alleles varied from 2 to 11 per locus, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.300 to 0.866 and 0.495 to 0.858 respectively. Significant deviations from HWE were detected in two loci. Cross-amplifications were tested in four other species of Tridacnidae.     

Isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci for the giant salamander Andrias davidianus

Sixteen microsatellite markers were developed for the critically endangered giant salamander Andrias davidianus to examine its population genetic structure and parentage across central China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 10 (mean of 7.4) when tested on 36 individuals from two cultivated populations (LY, TB). The average observed and expected heterozygosities in LY (n = 19) and TB (n = 17) were 0.83 ± 0.02 and 0.79 ± 0.01, 0.70 ± 0.03 and 0.67 ± 0.02 respectively.     

Isolation and characterization of fifteen polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan

Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan is an important endemic fish in Tibet, China. Its wild population has been rapidly declining for the past few decades due to overfishing, dam construction and invasion of exotic fishes. To conserve natural resources and develop breeding stocks of S. younghusbandi, fifteen polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in 45 individuals collected from the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 32 with an average of 17.87. The expected heterozygosity and Shannon–Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.454 to 0.951 and from 0.931 to 3.201, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be useful for future population genetic analysis and resource conservation of S. younghusbandi.     

Isolation and characterization of 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the surf clam (Mactra veneriformis)

Eighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in Mactra veneriformis using a microsatellite-enriched genomic library. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus ranged from 2 to 20, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.286 to 1.000 and from 0.264 to 0.936, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be useful for further studies on the population structure and genetic variation of this species.     

Isolation and characterization of fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Ruditapes philippinarum is a commercially important mollusk species, but has been suffering from severe population decline due to over-exploitation and habitat destruction in China. In this study, fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in R. philippinarum. The number of alleles per polymorphic microsatellite locus ranged from 2 to 6, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.036 to 0.688 and from 0.280 to 0.733, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be useful for further studies on the population structure and genetic variation of this species.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the clam Lutraria sieboldii Reeve (Bivalvia: Veneroida)

The clam Lutraria sieboldii is a commercially important bivalve species, which has been suffering from severe population decline due to overexploitation. To evaluate its genetic diversity and structures of this clam, fourteen polymorphic microsatellites were firstly isolated and characterized. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 16 per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.200 to 1.000 and from 0.183 to 0.934, respectively. These markers will be useful for the study of population structure and genetic diversity of L. sieboldii.     

Isolation and characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci from the endangered pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Cervidae)

Ozotoceros bezoarticus is categorized as Threatened in Argentina. In this study, we report 15 microsatellite loci??in the Argentinian populations, 12 are polymorphic and 3 monomorphic??isolated from a dinucleotide enriched genomic library. Among 59 individuals sampled from the four remaining populations in Argentina, the mean number of alleles was 7.58, the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.33 to 0.88 and the observed heterozygosity from 0.08 to 0.83. Three loci showed deviation from Hardy?CWeinberg equilibrium. Some of the loci showed linkage disequilibrium, although there was no coincident pattern for this parameter in all populations. The primers reported here constitute the first specific set for the species, and their use will be invaluable to generate the necessary information on genetic diversity in order to help conservation plans.     

Isolation and characterization of fifteen novel microsatellite loci in golden mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) Steindachne

We described the isolation and characterization of 15 new microsatellite loci from golden mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri. The analysis of variability was performed in 34 individuals. Allelic diversity ranged from 2 to 7 alleles per locus, with observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.294 to 1.000 and 0.261 to 0.740, respectively. Seven loci deviated significantly from Hardy?CWeinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction, and no significant linkage disequilibrium were found among 15 pairs of loci following the Bonferroni correction. These are the first microsatellite markers characterized from the S. scherzeri. We expect these microsatellite markers to be useful for population genetic studies in this species.     

Isolation and characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci in Leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) via 454 pyrosequencing

Leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) are distributed from Bahía Magdalena, through the Gulf of California and as far south as Jalisco, Mexico. They are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to significant fishing-induced declines over the past decade. Microsatellite loci were isolated by constructing a shotgun genomic library and sequencing using 454 XL + titanium chemistry. We characterized 15 polymorphic loci in 120 samples from three geographic locations. Genotyping yielded 15–60 alleles per locus with observed levels of heterozygosity ranging from 0.575 to 0.975.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Jinshaia sinensis

In this study, we isolated and characterized thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for Jinshaia sinensis, a fish species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Each locus was screened in a population of 48 individuals. Number of alleles per locus ranged between five and nineteen. Observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.121 and 0.854, and expected heterozygosity between 0.722 and 0.928. No significant linkage disequilibrium was found between pairs of loci. However, three loci showed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and four loci had evidence of null alleles. These markers presented here will be valuable tools to understand the genetic structure of J. sinensis populations in the Yangtze River.     

Isolation and characterization of 26 microsatellite loci for the frog Feirana quadranus

Twenty-six microsatellite markers were developed for the stream-dwelling frog Feirana quadranus to investigate its population genetic structure across central China. All loci were polymorphic when tested on 29 individuals from one population. After excluding loci with significant Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium deviation and evidence of null alleles, the average number of alleles over seventeen loci was 12.0 ± 0.9 (SE), while the mean observed and expected heterzygosities were 0.85 ± 0.01 and 0.83 ± 0.02, respectively.     

Isolation and characterization of twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci for Linckia laevigata

Twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the tropical sea star, Linckia laevigata. Microsatellite enriched genomic libraries were constructed and subsequently sequenced using Roche 454 technology. The 23 loci were characterized in 21 individuals from Pulau Derawan, Indonesia. Observed levels of heterozygosity ranged from 0.20 to 1.00 with a mean of 8.0 alleles per locus. No pairs of loci showed evidence of significant linkage disequilibrium and 4 loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations.     

Isolation and characterization of fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci for Odontobutis sinensis

Odontobutis sinensis is an indigenous freshwater fish in China. The wild population size of this species has declined sharply in inland waters in recent years. For the purpose of the conservation of natural resources of O. sinensis, 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in 30 individuals collected from Liangzi Lake in Hubei Province. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 5.07. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.291 to 0.887 and from 0.067 to 0.700, respectively. These newly isolated loci are currently being used for population genetic diversity analysis and will be valuable for the conservation of O. sinensis.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Silurus Lanzhouensis

Silurus Lanzhouensis is an endangered freshwater fish endemic to Ningxia, Gansu and Shaanxi province of China. Here we describe a first set of 12 polymorphic Silurus Lanzhouensis microsatellite loci. The observed numbers of alleles ranged from 2 to 7. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.3279 to 0.8438 and from 0.4021 to 0.8410, respectively. These microsatellite markers are useful for population and conservation genetic studies in S. Lanzhouensis.     

Isolation and characterization of 14 microsatellite loci for Chinese catfish Silurus asotus

Silurus asotus is a high commercially valuable aquaculture fish in some regions of China. In this survey, the first set of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for S. asotus was developed and characterized. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 to 15 and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.593 to 0.931 and from 0.833 to 0.926, respectively. Four loci were found deviated from HWE in the sampled population after Bonferroni correction. These microsatellite loci will be useful for revealing population structure, and conservation genetics of S. asotus.     

Isolation and characterization of twenty microsatellite loci for the ballan wrasse,Labrus bergylta

We developed 20 nuclear microsatellite DNA markers from tri- and tetra-nucleotide enriched libraries in the ballan wrasse. In our dataset (N = 241), the detected number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 12, and the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.251 to 0.778 and from 0.286 to 0.804, respectively. Cross amplification with the goldsinny wrasse resulted in two usable loci whereas the corkwing wrasse amplified in one locus. The ballan wrasse is an important resource for aquaculture as it delouses farmed salmon efficiently and removes organic matter from farming facilities. In order to obtain individuals for this industry, the wrasse are translocated along the Norwegian coastline, in spite of no knowledge of the population structure. This paper enables such studies, which might be important for the long term management of the species.     

Isolation and characterization of ten nuclear microsatellite loci for the Portuguese dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis

The Portuguese dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis is a deepwater squaloid shark with a wide distribution and is also an important fishing resource in parts of its range. Despite concerns about the species’ sustainability, current fisheries management measures have been implemented without a good understanding of the stock structure. The assessment of the population structure of C. coelolepis using molecular markers will provide important information for future management efforts. Here we describe the first attempt at isolating nuclear microsatellite markers for C. coelolepis. Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and screened in 43–45 individuals collected off western Portugal, showing 3–29 alleles per loci (average: 12.5 alleles/locus) and observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.60 to 0.98. None of the markers exhibited genotypic distributions that deviated from HWE expectations, or showed evidence of linkage disequilibrium or the presence of null alleles.     

Isolation and characterization of twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci in Schizothorax macropogon

Twenty-three polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from Schizothorax macropogon and were characterized in 42 individuals collected from the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 32 with an average of 20.17. The expected heterozygosity and Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.709 to 0.951 and from 1.421 to 3.183, respectively. These microsatellite loci will be valuable for the evaluation of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of S. macropogon.     

Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci in Vaccinium arctostaphylos L

For the first time, this study has described the characterization of 25 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from a repeat-enriched genomic library of V. arctostaphylos using a modified FIASCO method. Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 64 individuals of the Vaccinium. The average allele number of the microsatellites, observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosities were 5.88, 0.85 and 0.67 per locus, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value and inbreeding coefficient (F) ranged from 0.26 to 0.87 and ?0.72 to 0.03, respectively. Ten of the twenty-five loci showed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci could be useful to study genetic diversity and population structure of V.arctostaphylos.