子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及诊断价值

子宫腺肌症的临床症状包括痛经,月经过多,异常子宫出血等。但该病的临床症状、体征和实验室指标均缺乏特征性,影像学检查在其临床术前诊断与评价中有重要作用。磁共振成像是一种无创性影像学检查手段,对子宫内膜、结合带和子宫肌层显示清晰,对该病的诊断有特异性,本文对经     

子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的探讨子宫腺肌症MRI特点及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的31例子宫腺肌症的临床及MRI资料,应用自旋回波和快速自旋回波序列,常规行横断面FSE T2WI、SE T1WI及矢状面FSE T2WI扫描,其中10例病人加扫子宫解剖轴位及矢状位脂肪抑制FSE T2WI序列,分析其MR表现。结果弥漫性子宫腺肌症19例,以后壁结合带明显增厚为主的有11例。局限性子宫腺肌症12例,病变位于后壁7例,前壁4例,底部为主1例。28例T2WI呈与结合带信号相近的低信号影为主,内可见多发散在点状、小囊状高信号灶,21例T1WI呈与子宫肌层等信号,其中9例于T1WI也见点状、小囊状高信号。3例于肌层内见局限性类圆形结合带样信号。结论MRI可明确子宫腺肌症的范围及部位,脂肪抑制序列是非常有价值的检查方法。     

子宫腺肌症MRI诊断

目的总结子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法对23例经病理证实的子宫腺肌症的MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果弥漫型子宫腺肌症10例,结合带弥漫性均匀或不均匀增宽,内均可见斑点状等T1长T2信号影,其中4例还可见斑点状短T1信号影;局限型腺肌症13例,结合带局限性增宽,11例可见斑点状等、短T1长T2信号影,2例信号均匀。3例行增强检查,病灶强化程度同结合带相近,强化不均匀,内可见斑点状低强化区。结论 MRI具有较高的定位、定性价值,为临床医生选择治疗方案提供重要参考。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断

目的 探讨子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析32例经手术和病理证实的子宫腺肌症病例的MRI资料,观察其MRI表现.结果 32例子宫腺肌症患者的MRI表现:①弥漫型子宫腺肌症21例,表现为子宫体积增大,轮廓光滑,结合带弥漫性增厚,与肌层分界不清,病灶在T1WI上呈等信号,9例内见点状高信号,在T2WI上呈低信号,内见散在点状高信号.②局限型子宫腺肌症11例,表现为子宫体部或底部局限性增大,相应部位结合带增厚,共发现18个病灶,在T1WI上呈等信号,5例内见点状高信号;T2WI上表现为与结合带信号相近的肿块影,7例内见点状高信号.③有12例合并其他妇科疾病,其中子宫肌瘤9例,卵巢囊肿3例.结论 MRI能对子宫腺肌症作出明确诊断,在其定性、定位及鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

子宫腺肌症低场MRI诊断

目的　探讨低场MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值。方法　回顾分析 18例经手术病理证实的子宫肌腺症低场MR影像征象。结果　弥漫性子宫腺肌症 15例 ,T2 WI及脂肪抑制像示结合带弥漫性增厚 ,厚度为 12 .0～ 3 2 .6mm ,平均 16.2mm ,其中 11例患者子宫肌层内低信号区内夹杂斑片状高信号影 ,典型者呈“飘雪征” ,4例为较均匀的低信号。T1WI上 6例子宫肌层内见少许斑点状高信号。局限性子宫腺肌症 (腺肌瘤 ) 3例共 4个病灶 ,病灶与周围组织分界不清。T2 WI及脂肪抑制成像上示类圆形或不规则形低信号或低信号内夹杂斑点状高信号 ,T1WI上 2个病灶内见斑点状高信号。结论　低场MRT2 WI及脂肪抑制成像技术对子宫腺肌症诊断有重要价值     

低场MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值

目的探讨子宫腺肌症的低场（0．35T）MRI影像特点和鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾分析了14例经手术病理证实的子宫腺肌症的影像特征。结果弥漫性子宫腺肌症11例，T2WI结合带弥漫性增厚，厚度12．1～37．4mm，平均15．4mm，其中，8例患者子宫肌层低信号病灶内可见多发斑点状高信号影，典型者呈“飘雪征”，3例患者的病灶呈均匀的低信号；局限性子宫腺肌症3例，结合带局限性增厚或外肌层结合带样信号灶，2例患者T2WI混杂有斑点状高信号。结论子宫腺肌症MRI表现具有明显特征性和鉴别诊断价值。     

子宫腺肌症的影像学诊断方法

子宫腺肌症是正常子宫内膜侵入肌壁间而形成的一种良性病变，其症状和体征与子宫肌瘤非常相似，但二者的手术方法却截然不同，因此，术前明确诊断对指导治疗很有价值。本文通过对子宫腺肌症的几种无创性诊断方法的比较，结果显示阴道超声和MRI是比较理想的方法，其中MRI的诊断价值更高。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI研究

目的　探讨MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值及其表现特征。方法　对 46例疑子宫腺肌症的患者分别行B超和MRTSE序列T1WI、T2 WI和IR序列T1WI扫描 ,同时行增强检查 ,并与术后病理进行对照分析。结果　以手术病理为标准 ,MRI诊断子宫腺肌症的特异性、灵敏性和准确性分别为 10 0 %、94.74%和 97.14 % ,均明显较B超高。子宫有不同程度的增大 ,轮廓光滑 ,有时可见子宫分层结构变形。病灶表现为结合带弥漫性 /局限性增厚或外肌层结合带样信号灶 ,T2 WI可混杂有局灶性高信号。当有出血时 ,T1WI也可混杂局灶性高信号灶。增强后病灶呈结合带样强化。结论　MRI对子宫腺肌症的定性、定位具有很高的诊断价值 ,可作为B超检查的重要补充手段     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

磁共振成像技术已成为诊断子宫腺肌症的重要手段，全面认识该病的MRI征象及病理基础，有利于鉴别诊断水平的提高。就子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断、鉴别诊断及MR检查的临床价值作一综述。     

子宫肌瘤与腺肌病的MRI鉴别诊断

本组估价了子宫肌瘤与腺肌病的ＭＲＩ鉴别意义。所有３３例肌瘤和１９例腺肌病均为手术和病理证实。术前ＭＲＩ诊断符合率为９４．２％。肌瘤呈现一个边界清晰的具有各种信号改变的病灶，而腺肌病则表现为边界不清的、灶内有园点高信号和子宫内基底部毛糙等，其结论是ＭＲＩ对该两病的鉴别具有很高的应用价值。     

T2-Weighted Liver MRI Using the MultiVane Technique at 3T: Comparison with Conventional T2-Weighted MRI

Objective

To assess the value of applying MultiVane to liver T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) compared with conventional T2WIs with emphasis on detection of focal liver lesions.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-eight patients (43 men and 35 women) with 86 hepatic lesions and 20 pancreatico-biliary diseases underwent MRI including T2WIs acquired using breath-hold (BH), respiratory-triggered (RT), and MultiVane technique at 3T. Two reviewers evaluated each T2WI with respect to artefacts, organ sharpness, and conspicuity of intrahepatic vessels, hilar duct, and main lesion using five-point scales, and made pairwise comparisons between T2WI sequences for these categories. Diagnostic accuracy (Az) and sensitivity for hepatic lesion detection were evaluated using alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

MultiVane T2WI was significantly better than BH-T2WI or RT-T2WI for organ sharpness and conspicuity of intrahepatic vessels and main lesion in both separate reviews and pairwise comparisons (p < 0.001). With regard to motion artefacts, MultiVane T2WI or BH-T2WI was better than RT-T2WI (p < 0.001). Conspicuity of hilar duct was better with BH-T2WI than with MultiVane T2WI (p = 0.030) or RT-T2WI (p < 0.001). For detection of 86 hepatic lesions, sensitivity (mean, 97.7%) of MultiVane T2WI was significantly higher than that of BH-T2WI (mean, 89.5%) (p = 0.008) or RT-T2WI (mean, 84.9%) (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Applying the MultiVane technique to T2WI of the liver is a promising approach to improving image quality that results in increased detection of focal liver lesions compared with conventional T2WI.     

低场MRI对诊断子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病的应用价值

目的分析子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌病的MRI表现特点,探讨MRI对两病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的子宫肌瘤和子宫腺肌病患者MRI资料。结果16例子宫肌瘤患者中,共检出病灶24个。T1WI表现均为等低信号,不易识别;T2WI表现为低、高或混杂信号;病灶多有包膜、边界清晰,周围可见低或高信号环;增强扫描可见病灶不同程度强化。7例子宫腺肌病中,弥漫性5例、局限性2例。T1WI及T2WI信号不均,T2WI表现结合带弥漫性或不规则增厚,结合带改变具有诊断特异性;病灶无包膜与周围组织界线不清;增强扫描无明显强化,为等或低信号：2例为子宫肌瘤合并子宫腺肌病。T2WI及增强扫描有助于两病的显示及鉴别诊断。1例子宫肌瘤误诊为子宫腺肌病,1例子宫腺肌病误诊为子宫肌瘤,MRI对两病诊断的敏感性100％,准确率92％。结论选择合适的MRI检查序列与方法对两病鉴别诊断只有重要的价值。     

MRI评价子宫肌瘤HIFU术的价值及观察周围组织变化的研究进展

子宫肌瘤是子宫最常见的良性肿瘤,可引起月经量过多、腹痛乃至进一步影响生育功能,且有潜在的恶变倾向。诊断方法主要依靠超声及MRI,MRI空间分辨力及软组织分辨力高且受干扰因素较少,临床上常用于高强度聚焦超声消融(HIFU)术前定位及术后常规疗效评估,且在明确显示肿瘤大小、数目及邻近组织细微解剖方面明显优于超声。综述MRI观察子宫肌瘤及周围组织HIFU术前后的变化。     

Feasibility of ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablating uterine fibroids with hyperintense on T2-weighted MR imaging

Purpose

To retrospectively investigate whether uterine fibroids with hyperintense on pretreatment T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be treated with ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU).

Materials and methods

282 patients with 282 symptomatic uterine fibroids who underwent USgHIFU treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the signal intensity of T2-weighted MRI, uterine fibroids were classified as hypointense, isointense and hyperintense. Hyperintense fibroids were subjectively further subdivided into heterogeneous hyperintense, slightly homogeneous hyperintense and markedly homogeneous hyperintense based on the signal intensity of fibroid relative to myometrium and endometrium on T2-weighted MRI. Enhanced MRI was performed within one month after HIFU treatment. Non-perfused volume (NPV, indicative of successful ablation) ratio, treatment time, treatment efficiency, energy effect ratio and adverse events were recorded.

Results

The median volume of uterine fibroids was 70.3 cm³ (interquartile range, 41.1–132.5 cm³). The average NPV ratio, defined as non-perfused volume divided by the fibroid volume after HIFU treatment, was 76.8 ± 19.0% (range, 0–100%) in the 282 patients. It was 86.3 ± 11.9% (range, 40.9–100.0%) in the group with hypointense fibroids, 77.1 ± 16.5% (range, 32.2–100.0%) in isointense fibroids, and 67.6 ± 23.9% (range, 0–100.0%) in hyperintense fibroids. The lowest NPV ratio, lowest treatment efficiency, more treatment time, more sonication energy and pain scores were observed in the slightly homogeneous hyperintense fibroids, and the NPV ratio was 55.8 ± 26.7% (range, 0–83.9%) in this subgroup.

Conclusion

Based on our results, the heterogeneous and markedly homogeneous hyperintense fibroids were suitable for USgHIFU, and only the slightly homogeneous hyperintense fibroids should be excluded.     

3.0 T磁共振FSE-T_2 WI、MERGE序列在颈椎病诊断中的应用比较

目的探讨轴位二维(two-dimensional,2D),多回波回复梯度回波(multiple-echo recalled gradientecho,MERGE)序列与快速自旋回波(FSE)-T2WI序列诊断颈椎病的差异性。资料与方法60例经临床证实为颈椎病患者均行轴位2DMERGE序列扫描,并与轴位FSE-T2WI图像对照,比较两种序列对椎间盘退变、椎管狭窄、神经孔变窄、黄韧带及后纵韧带增厚、灰质蝶形结构、脊髓变性、椎间盘纤维外环断裂及髓核退变诊断的差异性。结果所有患者均完成该项检查,其中7例行手术治疗。FSE-T2WI与MERGE序列诊断椎间盘纤维外环断裂时两者的一致性较差,Kappa=0.356;两种序列诊断脊髓变性、髓核游离的一致性一般,Kappa分别为0.515和0.474;两种序列诊断椎间盘退变类型、椎管狭窄、神经孔变窄、黄韧带及后纵韧带增厚情况基本一致,Kappa均>0.75。MERGE序列显示椎间盘退变类型、灰质结构、脊髓变性时图像较清晰,图像评分结果与FSE-T2WI间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FSE-T2WI显示椎体结构及黄韧带、后纵韧带较清晰,其图像评分结果与MERGE序列间差异...     

3.0 T MRI THRIVE技术在颈部疾病中增强效果的评判

目的探讨3.0 T MRI T1高分辨率各向同性容积采集(T1 high resolution isotropic volume excitation,THRIVE)技术在颈部疾病检查中增强效果的评判。资料与方法使用Philips Achieva 3.0 T MR成像仪16通道头颈联合线圈对36例临床怀疑有颈部疾病的患者进行常规横断位、冠状位及矢状位SE T1WI抑脂序列增强扫描,随后进行THRIVE抑脂序列增强扫描并对其进行多平面重组(MPR),并对两种方法增强效果进行分析和评价。结果所有患者均成功完成SE T1WI抑脂和THRIVE抑脂增强序列扫描检查。SE T1WI和THRIVE序列两组增强图像的抑脂效果有统计学意义(Z=18.722,P<0.001)。对运动伪影的控制情况THRIVE序列比传统SE T1WI序列好(Z=4.758,P=0.029)。结论 THRIVE抑脂增强序列成像时间短,抑脂效果好,能较好地显示颈部结构及病变,从而更能满足临床诊断需求。     

11例子宫腺肉瘤的MRI表现及文献复习

目的 总结分析子宫腺肉瘤的MRI表现,以加深对该疾病的认识,提高诊断准确性。 方法 回顾性分析11例经病理确诊为子宫腺肉瘤病人的临床、病理及影像资料,并复习相关文献。分析病灶的部位、大小、边界及MRI信号变化特点,以及表观扩散系数（ADC）值及动态增强时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）。 结果 11例子宫腺肉瘤病人均为单发病灶,MRI显示肿瘤位于子宫腔或宫颈管内,最大径为1.5~12 cm。T₂WI及脂肪抑制（FS）T₂WI上病灶内大部分呈高信号或稍高信号,其中4个呈散在小囊样结构。扩散加权成像（DWI）上8个呈高信号或稍高信号,3个呈中等信号;平均ADC值为（0.94±0.33）×10^-3 mm²/s。增强扫描11个均呈渐进性强化,其中2个呈网格样强化,TIC表现为Ⅰ型6个,Ⅱ型5个。 结论 子宫腺肉瘤的MRI表现具有特征性,对本病的准确诊断有一定帮助。     

Patient selection guidelines in MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery of uterine fibroids: a pictorial guide to relevant findings in screening pelvic MRI

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids), the most common benign tumor in women of childbearing age, can cause symptoms including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, urinary symptoms, pain and infertility. Hysterectomy is a common approach to treating uterine fibroids, and less invasive surgical approaches such as myomectomy and uterine artery embolization also have been shown to alleviate symptoms. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is the only totally non-invasive surgical approved method for treating uterine fibroids. In clinical trials, MRgFUS resulted in significant relief of uterine fibroid symptoms. The safe and effective use of MRgFUS is affected by fibroid type and location, position relative to adjacent anatomical structures and the presence of co-existent pelvic disease. Additionally, successful outcomes with MRgFUS have been correlated with the volume of fibroids ablated during the procedure. Thus, selection of patients in whom sufficient fibroid volumes can be treated safely using the MRgFUS system is critical for successful outcomes. The MR images in this pictorial essay provide examples of uterine fibroids for which MRgFUS should be considered and is designed to facilitate the selection of patients for whom MRgFUS is most likely to provide sustained symptom relief.     

3.0 T MR及DWI在宫颈癌放射治疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨3.0 T MR及扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)在宫颈癌放射治疗(放疗)中的应用价值.资料与方法 16例宫颈癌患者放疗前及放疗40 Gy后均进行MR平扫及自由呼吸状态下轴位DWI,b值取0、1000 s/mm~2,分别测量放疗前后肿瘤区表观扩散系数(ADC)值,并作统计学分析.结果 宫颈癌放疗前T_1 WI示病灶呈等信号、T_2WI呈较高信号,DWI呈均匀明显高信号,ADC值平均约(0.99±0.07)×10~(-3)mm~2/s;放疗后病灶明显缩小,DWI信号减低,呈低信号或高低混杂信号,ADC值平均约(1.52 ±0.08)×10~(-3)mm~2/s.放疗前后ADC值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 宫颈癌放疗前DWI呈明显高信号,放疗后DWI信号减低,且不均匀,ADC值较放疗前明显增高,DWI可以作为官颈癌放疗监测的理想手段之一.     

MRI在子宫肉瘤和子宫肌瘤鉴别诊断中的应用进展

子宫肉瘤与子宫肌瘤的治疗方案和预后管理完全不同,对两者的鉴别诊断至关重要。MRI是诊断子宫肿瘤的重要影像方法,尤其是扩散加权成像（DWI）、扩散张量成像（DTI）、扩散峰度成像（DKI）、灌注加权成像（PWI）、MR波谱成像（MRS）、增强梯度回波T₂*加权血管成像（ESWAN）等功能MRI及影像组学,在子宫良恶性肿瘤鉴别、病理分型分级和分子变化等方面可以进行量化分析,从而提供更多有价值的信息。就MRI在鉴别子宫肉瘤和子宫肌瘤中的应用进展作一综述。