非手术治疗老年髋部骨折影响预后的因素

背景:髋部骨折是老年人常见的骨折类型,多数有条件的患者均采用手术治疗。但仍有相当部分的病例因各种原因采取非手术治疗。目的:分析影响非手术治疗老年人髋部骨折预后的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年12月收治的61例60岁以上选择非手术治疗的髋部骨折病例的临床资料。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对临床数据进行单因素及多因素生存分析,以期发现影响非手术治疗老年髋部骨折患者生存的因素。结果与结论:随访至2008年7月,19例患者存活,Harris评分平均为43.58分。其中<70岁11例,Harris评分(55.81±29.59)分;>70岁8例,Harris评分(26.75±23.58)分,两者间比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。生存分析显示1,2,5年总存活率分别为0.803±0.051,0.607±0.063,0.301±0.072。单因素分析显示年龄、治疗期间能否早期摆脱卧位状态以及血清白蛋白水平对预后的影响差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。COX多因素回归模型分析提示年龄、治疗期间能否早期摆脱卧位状态具有独立预后意义(P<0.05)。可见对于非手术方法治疗的70岁以上高龄髋部骨折患者,年龄、治疗期间能否早期摆脱卧位状态是影响生存率的主要因素。     

非手术治疗老年髋部骨折影响预后的因素

背景：髋部骨折是老年人常见的骨折类型,多数有条件的患者均采用手术治疗。但仍有相当部分的病例因各种原因采取非手术治疗。目的：分析影响非手术治疗老年人髋部骨折预后的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年12月收治的61例60岁以上选择非手术治疗的髋部骨折病例的临床资料。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对临床数据进行单因素及多因素生存分析,以期发现影响非手术治疗老年髋部骨折患者生存的因素。结果与结论：随访至2008年7月,19例患者存活,Harris评分平均为43.58分。其中〈70岁11例,Harris评分（55.81±29.59）分;〉70岁8例,Harris评分（26.75±23.58）分,两者间比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。生存分析显示1,2,5年总存活率分别为0.803±0.051,0.607±0.063,0.301±0.072。单因素分析显示年龄、治疗期间能否早期摆脱卧位状态以及血清白蛋白水平对预后的影响差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。COX多因素回归模型分析提示年龄、治疗期间能否早期摆脱卧位状态具有独立预后意义（P〈0.05）。可见对于非手术方法治疗的70岁以上高龄髋部骨折患者,年龄、治疗期间能否早期摆脱卧位状态是影响生存率的主要因素。     

改良POSSUM评分系统在老年髋部骨折手术风险评估中的应用价值

目的探讨改良POSSUM评分系统对老年髋部骨折手术并发症及死亡率预测值的准确性。方法对102例60岁以上髋部骨折住院患者分别使用改良POSSUM评分系统和POSSUM评分系统进行评估,计算并发症发生率及死亡率。结果根据改良POSSUM评分系统预测:22例出现并发症,实际25例出现并发症,预测死亡6例,实际死亡4例,预测值与实际值差异无统计学意义。根据POSSUM量表预测31例出现并发症,预测值与实际值差异无统计学意义;预测死亡例15例,预测值高于实际值。结论改良POSSUM评分系统对60岁以上老年人髋部骨折手术有较好的预测能力,POSSUM评分过高估计手术死亡率。     

髋部骨折并老年高血压患者85例围手术期护理

目的：总结老年人髋部骨折并高血压国手术期的护理经验。方法：分析85例髋部骨折并老年高血压患者的临床资料及护理方法。结果：85例患者围手术期血压控制稳定，无心血管系统并发症发生。结论：老年人髋部骨折合并高血压术前、术后做好心理护理，采取积极的预防、及时处理高血压，密切观察血压变化，可减少国手术期心血管疾病的并发症发生。     

老年住院患者营养风险和营养状况的评估

老年人的营养状况与其健康密切相关。虽然老龄化是不可避免的,但是影响老年人健康的因素(如营养不良等)是可以改变的。老年人更容易出现营养问题,及时发现和纠正营养不良至关重要[1],良好的营养状况是老年人生存优势的关键指标[2]。老年人是一个独特的群体,很多营养评估的方法不太符合老年人,迄今为止,还没有一种工具被认为是评估住院老年患者营养状况的通用金标准[3]。     

老年糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者围手术期的护理

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者合并髋部骨折围手术期的护理经验。方法回顾分析46例老年糖尿病合并髋部骨折的护理干预措施。结果 46例均经X线片或CT检查确诊髋部骨折,36例伤前有糖尿病史,10例入院后检查发现糖尿病。入院后对患者进行护理评估,针对性地进行心理护理,经口服降糖药、注射胰岛素、加强饮食指导及积极治疗合并症,配合早期功能锻炼,46例术前、术后血糖控制良好,无护理并发症发生。结论对老年糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者通过加强对血糖的监控及糖尿病并发症的治疗,可减少围手术期护理并发症。     

胃肠外科中老年患者术前营养状况对手术预后的影响

目的：探讨中老年患者胃肠外科术前营养状况对手术预后的影响。方法选取胃肠外科中老年手术患者395例,根据术前体质量指数（BMI）标准将患者分为3组,即营养不足（B1）组、营养正常（B2）组、营养过剩（B3）组;根据血蛋白质类浓度将患者分为两组,即低蛋白血症（A1）组、非低蛋白血症（ A2）组;通过统计学分析评估患者营养状况并对手术预后进行分析。结果术后B1、B3组并发症发生率分别为12．04％,10．84％,高于B2组的2．94％,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为10．216,7．437;P＜0．05）;B1、B3组病死率分别为5．56％,2．41％,高于B2组的0．49％,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为8.261,2．101;P＜0．05）;术后A1组并发症发生率、病死率分别为16．28％,7．00％,明显高于A2组的5.97％,1．70％,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为3．839,4．784;P＜0．05）。结论 BMI异常及低蛋白血症患者术后并发症发生率与病死率升高,两者是胃肠外科手术的危险因子。     

老年髋部骨折不同手术方式术后谵妄发生的比较

目的 比较老年髋部骨折不同手术方式术后谵妄发生情况,探讨老年髋部骨折术后谵妄发生的危险因素.方法 选取65岁以上老年髋部手术患者共237例,按手术方式分两组,内固定术组133例,全髋关节置换术组104例,分别于术后采用CAM快速诊断法确诊谵妄,并采用DRS评定谵妄的严重程度,同时监测低氧血症、记录术后疼痛、睡眠时间减少情况.结果 全髋关节置换术组患者术后低氧血症发生率(22.11％)高于内固定组患者(12.03％),P＜0.05;21例(20.19％)发生谵妄,高于内固定组的14例(10.53％),P＜0.05;全髋关节置换术后谵妄严重程度为首次DRS评分(21.46±3.82),高于内固定组(15.12±3.42),P＜0.05;谵妄持续平均时间为(4.32±1.33)d,多于内固定组(2.11±1.31)d,P＜0.05.而睡眠时间减少、疼痛评分情况两组差异均无显著意义(P＞0.05),对症处理后DRS评分,全髋关节置换术组为(12.14±3.22),高于内固定组(7.99±2.57),P＜0.05.结论 对老年髋部骨折术后患者,在其他常见危险因素无差异的情况下,全髋关节置换术后低氧血症发生率、谵妄发生率及严重程度均较内固定组高,可能与术中脂肪栓塞综合征及肺动脉血栓有关.     

术前营养风险评估对老年直肠癌患者围手术期营养状况的影响

目的分析营养风险评估对老年直肠癌患者围手术期营养状况的影响。方法应用营养风险筛查2002（NRS-2002）对85例老年直肠癌患者进行术前营养风险筛查,根据筛查结果将患者分为有营养风险组25例和无营养风险组60例,分别于术前1d、术后1d、术后7d检测两组患者的白蛋白（ALB）、前白蛋白（PALB）、血总淋巴细胞计数（TLC）和转铁蛋白（TFN）,比较其差异。结果术前85例患者中25例NRS-2002≥3分,存在营养风险,营养风险发生率为29．4％。术前1d两组患者各血清指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后1d,营养风险组PALB为（12．4±3．7）mg／L低于无营养风险组（14．3±3．9）mg／L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（1=2．026,P〈0．05）;术后7d营养风险组ALB、TFN值低于无营养风险组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t分别为2．412,2．153;P〈O．05）。结论存在营养风险的老年直肠癌患者围手术期营养状况变化明显,临床护理人员应对该类患者进行相应的营养指导。     

老年髋部骨折手术患者的护理

髋部骨折是老年人常见的创伤,目前治疗上多积极采取手术治疗,以减少长期卧床的并发症[1-3].     

骨折类型与老年髋部骨折术后疗效分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折类型对术后疗效的影响。方法 2007年4月至2008年11月收治老年髋部骨折患者121例。入组后根据X线表现将髋部骨折分为非移位型股骨颈骨折、移位型股骨颈骨折、稳定型股骨转子间骨折和非稳定型股骨转子间骨折四种。详细记录患者并存症、手术细节、术后并发症等。观察四组患者住院期间、术后6个月、12个月四种骨折患者的死亡率以及功能恢复情况。结果符合入选标准93例,其中不稳定型股骨转子间骨折22例,稳定型股骨转子间骨折30例,移位型股骨颈骨折19例,非移位型股骨颈骨折22例。四组患者年龄、并存症等一般情况差异无统计学意义。住院期间、术后6个月移位型股骨颈骨折患者死亡率较其他三组高,但差异无统计学意义;而术后12个月不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者死亡率较其他三组明显升高。此外出院时移位型股骨颈骨折患者ADL评分较其他三组明显升高;术后6个月、12个月四组患者ADL评分差异无统计学意义。结论排除自身差异后,髋部骨折类型对术后疗效具有一定影响。早期(住院期间、术后6个月)移位型股骨颈骨折死亡率较其他三种类型骨折高,晚期(术后12个月)不稳定型股骨转子间骨折死亡率较其他三种类型髋部骨折高。骨折类型对术后功能恢复...     

The impact of previous strokes on the rehabilitation of elderly patients sustaining a hip fracture

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a previous stroke may affect the functional outcome gain of elderly patients undergoing rehabilitation for a hip fracture. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The division of geriatric medicine with rehabilitation wards at a university-affiliated referral hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with hip fractures (N=460) undergoing a standard rehabilitation course. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The functional outcome of previous stroke- and nonprevious stroke (NPS)-affected patients assessed by the FIM instrument at admission and discharge from the rehabilitation facility. Data were analyzed by t tests, Pearson correlation, chi-square tests, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Both admission and discharge total FIM scores were significantly higher in NPS compared with previous stroke patients (63.53+/-19.89 vs 52.19+/-19.37, P<.001) and (84.23+/-24.93 vs 71.37+/-25.03, P=.001), respectively. However, changes in total FIM (20.70+/-11.68 vs 19.17+/-13.32, P=.38) and in motor FIM (19.84+/-10.63 vs 17.96+/-11.21, P=.23) at discharge were not statistically significant between the 2 groups. A linear regression analysis showed that a previous stroke was not predictive of a worse total FIM gain at discharge (P=.58). CONCLUSIONS: NPS hip fracture elderly patients show higher admission and discharge FIM scores compared with previous stroke patients. Nevertheless, both groups achieve similar FIM gains during rehabilitation period. A previous stroke should not be considered as adversely affecting the rehabilitation of such patients.     

加速康复外科理念下信息化延续护理在老年髋部脆性骨折患者中的应用

目的:探讨基于加速康复外科（ERAS）理念的信息化延续护理在老年髋部脆性骨折患者中的应用效果。方法:采用便利抽样法,选择2018年5—12月北京积水潭医院收治的186例老年髋部脆性骨折患者为对照组,采用ERAS理念下常规延续护理,选择2019年5—12月北京积水潭医院收治的193例老年髋部脆性骨折患者为试验组,采用ER...     

Inpatient rehabilitation outcome after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study of 946 patients

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with inpatient rehabilitation outcome after surgical repair of hip fracture in elderly patients. DESIGN: A noninterventional prospective cohort study. SETTING: Geriatric inpatient rehabilitation center in a tertiary university medical center in southern Israel. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=946) aged 65 years of age or older who were hospitalized for rehabilitation after surgery for hip fracture. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional studies by the FIM instrument and a broad spectrum of clinical, demographic, and social variables. Stepwise multiple regression was used to assess the relative contribution of the variables to the variance of the percentage change in the FIM score during the course of rehabilitation in relation to the severity of the functional impairment at its inception. RESULTS: Eight variables were significantly and independently associated with rehabilitation outcome. Prefracture FIM scale (standardized regression coefficient in multiple regression [beta]=.261, P<.001), serum albumin at discharge (beta=.222, P<.001), Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (beta=.174, P<.001), visual impairment (beta=-.089, P=.002), dyspnea at mild exertion (New York Heart Association class III) (beta=-.080, P=.005), age (beta=-.080, P=.007), poststroke motor impairment (beta=-.072, P=.011), and decreased serum folic acid (beta=-.055, P=.047). The total percentage of the explained variance of the primary rehabilitation outcome measure accounted for by these 8 variables (adjusted R(2)) was 31.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of rehabilitation of elderly patients after surgical repair of hip fracture is associated with 4 clinical and nutritional correctable parameters. The other 4 variables that are associated with the process cannot be corrected but may help predict outcomes and adjust expectations.     

老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者骨代谢的变化

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者骨代谢的改变和机制,以了解2型糖尿病与老年人髋部骨折的关系。方法测定80例老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者、90例老年2型糖尿病患者及70例年龄、体重指数相匹配的健康对照者的骨密度(BMD),血清骨钙素(BGP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)等,组间进行比较。结果老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者与糖尿病组比较,骨密度及各项骨代谢生化指标差异无统计学意义。老年2型糖尿病合并髋部骨折患者、老年2型糖尿病患者分别与健康对照组比较,BMD、BGP、CT显著低于对照组(P<0.01),PTH显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者较易患骨质疏松,其骨改变特点是骨吸收增加,骨形成下降。骨质量的改变不是老年2型糖尿病患者发生髋部骨折的直接原因。     

Factors affecting short-term rehabilitation outcomes of disabled elderly patients with proximal hip fracture

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with postacute rehabilitation outcome of disabled elderly patients with proximal hip fracture. SETTING: Geriatric rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-three older patients. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FIM instrument, motor FIM score, absolute functional gain on the FIM and motor FIM scores, relative functional gain on the FIM and motor FIM scores, rate of improvement on the FIM and motor FIM scores, proportion of patients discharged to home, and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: Mean FIM score improved by 14 points (22%) with a functional gain rate of .56 point per day. No significant differences (P>.05) were found between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing patients regarding the above outcome measures. Functionally independent and cognitively intact patients achieved significantly better score changes and rates of improvement and showed a higher ability to extract their rehabilitation potential than dependent and cognitively impaired patients. Their LOSs were significantly shorter. Patients with latency time (time delay from fracture to operation) of more than 5 days and patients with a history of stroke had significantly longer LOSs. Mini-Mental State Examination score, albumin levels on admission, and prefracture functional status were the most important parameters associated with FIM discharge scores (r=.756) and relative functional gain on the FIM (r=.583). Depression was the most important factor associated with LOS in patients with weight-bearing instructions on admission. The presence of a caregiver was the significant predictive value variable for returning home. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive function, nutritional status, preinjury functional level, and depression were the most important prognostic factors associated with rehabilitation success of older patients with proximal hip fracture. Of these, depression and nutritional status are correctable, and early intervention may improve rehabilitation outcome.     

老年髋部骨折术后患者肺部感染预测模型的构建及验证

目的探讨老年髋部骨折术后患者肺部感染的影响因素,并构建风险预测模型。方法选择2017年5月—2019年5月在上海市某三级甲等医院行手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者1008例,按照术后是否发生肺部感染分为肺部感染组(n=87)和非肺部感染组(n=921),并对两组资料进行对比,利用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析探讨老年髋部骨折术后患者肺部感染的影响因素,建立风险预测模型并绘制列线图,采用ROC曲线下面积及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型预测效果。结果年龄、骨折至手术时间、吸烟史、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级、是否合并COPD、是否合并低蛋白血症、红细胞分布宽度(red cell distribution width,RDW)、机械通气时间、是否入住ICU是老年髋部骨折术后患者肺部感染的影响因素,预测模型验证结果显示,建模组术后发生肺部感染风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.891(P<0.001),验证组术后发生肺部感染风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.881(P<0.001)。建模组和验证组Hosme...     

老年髋部骨折术后患者家庭康复护理的最佳证据总结

目的 总结老年髋部骨折术后患者家庭康复护理的相关证据,为临床工作者制订家庭康复护理方案提供参考。方法 计算机检索国内外相关指南网站、专业协会网站及UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心数据库、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于老年髋部骨折术后患者家庭康复护理的相关临床决策、指南、系统评价、专家共识及证据总结,检索时限为建库至2021年10月。由2名研究者对文献进行质量评价和资料提取。结果 共纳入15篇文献,其中临床决策3篇,指南3篇,专家共识5篇,系统评价2篇,证据总结2篇。从适宜人群、出院计划、康复评估、康复预期、康复策略、强化锻炼、健康教育、随访8个方面汇总了27条最佳证据。结论 该研究总结的老年髋部骨折术后患者家庭康复护理的最佳证据较为科学、全面。建议医护人员在应用证据时,结合具体的临床情景与患者意愿制订个性化的康复护理方案。     

Predictors and prognostic impact of post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients with hip fracture surgery

BACKGROUNDAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia developing in post-operative patients. Limited data are available regarding pre-operative risk factors and prognostic impact of post-operative AF (POAF) following hip fracture surgery (HFS) in Korean population. AIMWe aimed to investigate the incidence, predictors, and hospital prognosis of POAF in HFS patients. METHODSThis study included 245 patients without history of AF who underwent HFS between August 2014 and November 2016. POAF was defined as new-onset AF that occurred during hospitalization after HFS. RESULTSTwenty patients (8.2%) experienced POAF after HFS. POAF developed on median post-operative day 2 (interquartile range, 1–3). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR), 1.111; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.022–1.209], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR, 6.352; 95%CI, 1.561–25.841) and E/e’ ratio (OR, 1.174; 95%CI, 1.002–1.376) were significant predictors of POAF. Patients with POAF had a significantly higher intensive care unit admission rate (55.0% vs 14.7%, P < 0.001) and incidence of congestive heart failure (45.0% vs 10.7%, P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, POAF was significantly associated with increased incidence of congestive heart failure (OR, 4.856; 95%CI, 1.437–16.411) and intensive care unit admission (OR, 6.615; 95%CI, 2.112–20.718).CONCLUSIONPOAF was frequently developed in elderly patients following HFS. Age, COPD and elevated E/e’ ratio were found as significant predictors of POAF in HFS patients. Patients with POAF significantly experienced intensive care unit admission and incident congestive heart failure during hospitalization.     

Postoperative variation in neurocognitive and functional status in elderly hip fracture patients

Regaining independence in the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) is a nursing priority in the postoperative care of hip fracture patients, though often impeded by a temporary yet reversible decrease in cognitive status postoperatively. This study investigated the incidence and evolution of decreased cognitive status in geriatric hip fracture patients from admission through to the fifth postoperative day, and the relationship between cognitive abilities and functional (ADL) status. Twenty-six elderly hip fracture patients (f: 21, m: 5) with a mean age of 79·5 years ( SD =8·2) admitted to the emergency room of an academic medical centre were monitored longitudinally from admission until the fifth postoperative day regarding neurocognitive status and ADL status, as measured by the mini-mental state exam (MMSE; including subscales of memory, linguistic ability, concentration and psychomotor executive skills) and an adapted version of the Katz ADL-scale, respectively. Patients were categorized on the basis of cognitive status as follows: no cognitive impairment (MMSE≥24), moderate (MMSE≤23 but ≥18) and severe impairment (MMSE≤17). Nineteen of the 26 patients (73·1%) showed cognitive impairment (MMSE≤23) at some point in time before and/or after surgery. Some improvement in cognitive status was observed yet only selectively across patient cohorts and neurocognitive dimensions. Cognitive status, especially memorial ability and psychomotor executive skills, seemed to be most vulnerable to becoming impaired after hip fracture surgery. A relationship was found between cognitive and functional status, specifically, strong associations between memory and psychomotor skills relative to ADL and modest associations between linguistic ability and concentration relative to ADL. Further, patients with decreased cognitive status postoperatively remained more ADL-dependent than non-impaired patients. This study underscores the importance of a systematic assessment of the cognitive status of elderly hip fracture patients and linking these observations to functional ability in order to enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of this patient group.