压电石英晶体微阵列免疫传感器检测IgG的实验研究

目的 构建一种新型压电石英晶体人免疫球蛋白(IgG)的免疫微阵列传感器。方法 抗IgG单克隆抗体采用蛋白A(SPA)法固定在AT切向、基频10MHz的石英晶体微阵列金膜电极表面制成抗体敏感膜，构成压电石英晶体IgG免疫微阵列传感器。结果 构建的IgG压电石英晶体免疫微阵列传感器对IgG的响应特性良好，其检测下线为0．5mIU／ml。结论 研制的压电石英晶体IgG免疫微阵列传感器具有灵敏度高、特异性好、成本低廉、操作简单、快速，能在线实时检测等优点，可用于临床实验诊断。     

压电石英晶体甲胎蛋白免疫传感器的实验研究

目的　构建一种新型压电甲胎蛋白 (AFP)免疫传感器。方法　AT切向、基频 10MHz的石英晶体用金属夹具和乳胶套圈固定组成检测池 ,抗人AFP单克隆抗体采用巯基化方法固定在金膜电极表面制成抗体敏感膜 ,构成压电AFP免疫传感器。结果　构建的压电AFP免疫传感器对AFP的响应特性良好 ,其线性检测范围为 2 0～ 10 0 0ng ml ,癌胚抗原(CEA)、前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG)等对AFP的检测基本无干扰 ;传感器可再生后重复使用 5次 ;68例临床标本检测结果与放射免疫检测法符合 ,两种方法的相关系数为 0 92 ,P <0 0 1。结论　研制的压电AFP免疫传感器是一种灵敏度高、特异性好、不需标记、操作简单、省时、能重复使用和实时在线检测AFP的新方法 ,对比实验表明其检测结果准确 ,能用于临床实验诊断 ,具有临床推广价值。     

压电石英晶体振荡频率检测平台的建立及应用

目的　构建一种 2× 5型压电石英微阵列振荡频率检测平台。方法　利用基频 1 0MHz的 2× 5型石英晶体微阵列作为传感换能器件 ,自行设计自激式振荡频率检测仪、频率分析软件PESA2 .0 ,与计算机连接组成压电石英晶体传感器检测平台 ,并应用于气、液相检测。结果　石英晶体微阵列在气、液相起振能力强 ,并获得稳定振荡 ,气相稳定度可达± 1Hz ,液相≤ 2Hz。消除了温度、电离辐射、机械震动等因素的干扰 ;实现了频率信号检测的自动化、微机化和自能化。结论　该检测平台具有检测频率稳定、自动化和智能化程度较高、能实时检测等优点 ,是一种新型压电晶体振荡频率检测共用平台 ,可广泛用于压电传感器振荡频率的检测     

压电胰岛素免疫传感器的实验研究

目的 构建一种新型压电胰岛素免疫传感器。方法 AT切向、基频10MHz的石英晶体用金属夹县和乳胶套圈固定形成检测池，抗人胰岛素单克隆抗体采用巯基化方法固定在金膜电板表面制成抗体敏感膜，构成压电胰岛素免疫传感器。结果 构建的压电胰岛素免疫传感器对胰岛素的响应特性良好，其线性检测范围为2．5—160．0mIU／L，C肽对胰岛素的检测基本无干扰，但胰岛素原与传感器存在轻微的交叉反应，传感器可再生后重复使用5次；60例临床标本检测结果与放射免疫检测法符合(P＞0．05)，两种方法的相关系数为0．92。结论 研制的压电胰岛素免疫传感器具有灵敏度高、特异性好、不需标记、操作简单、省时、能实时再现检测和重复使用等优点，对比实验表明其检测结果准确，能用于临床实验诊断，具有临床推广价值。     

压电石英晶体传感器液相检测的影响因素

目的　探讨压电石英晶体传感器液相检测的影响因素。方法　采用AT切向镀金膜的石英晶体制成 2× 5型石英晶体微阵列 ,观察晶体振荡频率在不同粘度和密度的甘油PBS( 0 .15mol LpH 7.0 )溶液、不同浓度的NaCl溶液、不同pH的PB溶液( 0 .0 6 7mol L)及不同体积的PBS溶液 ( 0 .15mol LpH 7.0 )中的变化规律以及机械冲击和重新加样对晶体振荡频率的影响。结果　石英晶体振荡频率随溶液粘度和密度、离子浓度、pH的增大而降低。溶液体积、机械冲击和重新加样对晶体频率基本无影响。结论　石英晶体传感器所处溶液体系的性状如粘度、密度、离子浓度、pH等因素对其振荡频率有较大的影响 ,石英晶体传感器用于生物反应检测时应减少和避免上述因素的干扰     

压电C肽免疫传感器的实验研究

目的：构建一种新型压电C肽免疫传感器，方法：AT切向，基频10MHz的石英晶体用金属夹具和乳胶套圈固定形成检测池，抗人C肽单克隆抗体采用巯基化方法固定在金膜电极表面制成抗体敏感膜，构成压电C肽免疫传感器。结果：构建的压电C肽免疫传感器C肽的响应特性良好，其线性检测范围为0．375－12．0ng/ml，胰岛素，胰岛素原对C肽的检测基本无干扰，传感器可再生后重复使用5次，58例临床标本检测结果与放射免疫检测法符合（P＞0．05），两种方法的相关系数为0．94。结论：研制的压电C肽免疫传感器具有灵敏度高，特异性好，不需标记，操作简单，省时，能实时在线检测和重复使用等优点，对比实验表明其检测结果准确，能用于临床实验诊断，具有临床推广价值。     

压电免疫传感器阵列检测尖吻蝮蛇毒的初步研究

目的 探讨以压电传感阵列技术榆测尖吻蝮蛇毒的可行性.方法 构建2×5的AT切向、基频10 MHz的石英晶体微阵列,将尖吻蝮蛇毒抗体巯基化,通过自组装技术固定在石英晶体金膜电极表面,检测不同浓度的尖吻蝮蛇毒标准液.结果 尖吻蝮蛇毒压电免疫传感器阵列上,最适抗体固定浓度为3 μg/ml,尖吻蝮蛇毒与相应抗体反应时间为40 min,检测尖吻蝮蛇毒最低浓度为0.1μg/ml,蛇毒浓度在0.1～4.0μg/ml范围时,与晶体频率变化之间呈良好的线性关系.结论 采用压电免疫传感器阵列检测尖吻蝮蛇毒响应特性良好,具有灵敏度高、操作简单、不需标记等优点,是实现快速仪器化检测蛇伤的可能途径.     

检测蝮蛇毒的压电免疫传感器阵列的初步构建

目的 初步构建适宜于蝮蛇毒检测的压电免疫传感阵列.方法 制作2×5型压电免疫传感阵列,AT切向、基频10MHz,通过自组装技术将巯基化后的蝮蛇毒抗体固定在石英晶体金膜电极表面,检测不同浓度的标准蝮蛇毒液,时压电晶体频率变化数据进行采集和分析.结果 蝮蛇毒压电免疫传感器阵列上,达到最大频率变化的最小抗体浓度为4μg/mL;蝮蛇毒与抗体反应40分钟后频率达到稳定状态;蝮蛇毒浓度低于0.1μg/mL时,频率变化不明显,蝮蛇毒浓度在0.1～5.0μg/mL范围时,与晶体频率变化间呈线性关系.结论 初步构建的蝮蛇毒压电免疫传感器阵列响应特性良好,具有灵敏度高、操作简单、不需标记等优点,是较有前景的蝮蛇毒检测方法 .     

心肌肌红蛋白压电免疫芯片检测方法的建立

目的 研制一种新型、快速地用于检测心肌肌红蛋白的压电免疫芯片.方法 设计四通道芯片微阵列,采用双功能基团交联剂Sulfo-LC-SPDP将心肌肌红蛋白单克隆抗体巯基化,固定于石英晶体的金膜电极表面制备生物敏感膜,构建压电免疫芯片.结果 芯片用于检测心肌肌红蛋白的灵敏度达50ng/mL,与酶联荧光分析法具有较好的相关性,可用于半定量检测心肌肌红蛋白.结论 构建的压电免疫芯片具有灵敏度高、特异性好等特点,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

压电石英晶体传感器检测单链DNA的研究

目的：对石英晶体传感器检测单链DNA的可行性进行论证，并对其DNA固定方法进行研究。方法：利用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)黏附和戊二醛(Glu)交联法，将单链DNA探针固定在基频为10MHz的AT切型石英晶体的镀金表面，制成压电石英晶体DNA传感器，用该DNA传感器进行互补单链DNA定量定性检测，并用1．2mol/L NaOH和1．2mol/L HCl对杂交后的传感器进行了再生。结果:在50-400ng/ml的范围内，响应信号与检测浓度成线性相关，并具有良好的特异性。杂交后的DNA传感器能反复再利用。结论：石英晶体传感器可以用于DNA的杂交检测。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.