~(125)I籽源组织间放射治疗剂量测定

目的　对12 5I籽源组织间放射治疗的剂量分布进行测定和评价。方法　12 5I籽源活度为每粒 12 .2MBq。在体模上d 15mm圆周植入 2 0粒 ,在前列腺模型上分 4层植入 70粒 ,分别用Far mar 2 5 70辐射剂量仪和热释光剂量计 (TLD) 2种方法对靶区中心部位吸收剂量率进行测定 ,另用柯达感光胶片测量等剂量曲线分布图。结果　 2种方法测定结果在体模上圆周靶区中心吸收剂量率分别为 8.4cGy/h和 7.9cGy/h ,前列腺模型靶区中心部吸收剂量率分别为 12 .0cGy/h和 11.1cGy/h。前列腺靶区接受总累积吸收剂量为 2 4 2 19cGy。等剂量曲线表明 ,离前列腺中心 4cm其它组织受照剂量陡降为中心的 10 %。结论　上述 2种方法测定籽源在靶区中心剂量值基本相符。     

~(125)I放射性粒子近距离照射在支气管肺癌治疗中的应用

125I放射性粒子组织间植入已应用于支气管肺癌的综合治疗,主要用于非小细胞肺癌。目前有多种植入方法,取得了较好的局部控制率。125I放射性粒子植入治疗支气管肺癌的方法正逐步发展,具有广阔的应用前景。     

125I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤的研究进展

125I放射性粒子组织间植入是近距离治疗恶性肿瘤的方法之一,对于丧失手术治疗机会、体质较弱的中晚期恶性肿瘤患者,此法是一种较有效的治疗手段。本文从125I放射性粒子的性质、作用机制、植入方法、防护及在治疗恶性肿瘤的进展等方面进行阐述。     

放射性~(125)I粒子植入治疗椎体及椎旁肿瘤

目的:评价放射性125I粒子组织间永久性植入治疗椎体及椎旁肿瘤的疗效和安全性.方法:对16例椎体及椎旁肿瘤患者(3例原发肿瘤,13例转移瘤)共28个病灶,行CT引导下或者术中125I粒子永久性植入治疗.粒子活度0.5-0.8mCi,每个病灶植入粒子数目7-100颗.肿瘤最小周边剂量(mPD)110-160Gy.术后行质量验证.结果:中位随访时间26.5个月(5-61个月).疼痛缓解率93.7%.神经功能恢复或者保留率93.75%.1年局部控制率64%,2年局部控制率50%,3年局部控制率32%,5年局部控制率4%.中位局部控制时间32个月.1年生存率73%,2年生存率59%,5年生存率41%.中位生存期36个月.1例患者因肿瘤进展出现截瘫,其余患者未出现明显的不良反应.结论:放射性125I粒子植入术单独或联合手术治疗椎体及椎旁肿瘤安全、不良反应小,耐受性好.临床疗效尚需进一步临床研究证实.     

消化道恶性肿瘤根治术中125I放射性粒子近距离治疗104例

目的 探讨125I粒子近距离治疗消化道恶性肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 对Ⅱ～Ⅲ期消化道肿瘤患者104例行肿瘤根治术,术中将125I粒子植入可能残留癌组织的区域和癌细胞转移途径的淋巴结区域.术后5～7 d查血常规和免疫球蛋白的变化,X线片检查观察125I粒子分布状况,了解肿瘤复发或转移情况.结果 全组患者均获随访,无死亡.其中发生肠瘘1例,经积极治疗痊愈.8例患者1周内白细胞(WBC)降至3×109/L,经对症治疗后,WBC回升到4 ×109/L以上,免疫指标测定低于正常值.其他生存患者随访中未出现因植入粒子而导致的严重并发症.结论 125I粒子植入近距离治疗Ⅱ～Ⅲ期消化道恶性肿瘤方法 简单、疗效确切,是一种治疗恶性肿瘤的理想方法之一,尤其在基层具有良好的应用前景.     

125 I放射性粒子近距离照射在支气管肺癌治疗中的应用

125I放射性粒子组织间植入已应用于支气管肺癌的综合治疗,主要用于非小细胞肺癌。目前有多种植入方法,取得了较好的局部控制率。125I放射性粒子植入治疗支气管肺癌的方法正逐步发展,具有广阔的应用前景。     

125I粒子组织间植入治疗多种晚期恶性肿瘤的评估

目的 评估放射性¹²⁵I粒子组织间植入治疗多种晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效和副反应。方法 患者经局部麻醉后,在影像引导下行¹²⁵I粒子植入。原发肿瘤边缘植入靶区外放1cm,转移瘤边界以影像学为准。根据治疗计划实施粒子针插植,利用枪式植入器后退式植入粒子。结果 植入病例全部成功,无严重并发症。术后复查CT及外周血象,未出现放射损伤及粒子脱落、游走,少数患者出现轻度血红蛋白及血小板的降低,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度白细胞降低发生率为8.1%(3/37)。术后12月随访5例肿瘤完全缓解(CR),11例部分缓解(PR),6例稳定(NC),1例进展(PD)。3例患者恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)多次升高,认为是治疗失败,局部控制率82.6%(19/23),总的有效率为69.6%(16/23)。术前30例疼痛患者中17例疼痛完全缓解,9例部分缓解,4例无变化,有效率86.7%(26/30)。1、3、6个月及1年的生存率分别为100%、94.59%、81.08%和62.16%。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子组织间植入治疗晚期恶性肿瘤适应症广,疗效明确,副作用小。由于所选病例分期较晚,未取得理想的生存率。     

Surgery and permanent 125I seed paraspinal brachytherapy for malignant tumors with spinal cord compression

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional outcome, predictors of response, and toxicity from spinal surgery and 125I brachytherapy in patients with malignant tumors resulting in spinal cord compression. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between July 1985 and September 2001, after surgical resection, 30 patients underwent 31 intraoperative paraspinal brachytherapy procedures at Barrow Neurological Institute. Twenty-four (with 25 procedures) had follow-up at our clinic and form the basis for this report. Surgical procedures were based on the location of the impinging lesion: corpectomy or spondylectomy in 13 cases and laminectomy in 12. Permanent 125I seeds in absorbable suture were placed with open exposure after resection. RESULTS: Spinal cord compression was cervical in 4 (16%), thoracic in 14 (56%), and lumbar in 7 (28%) of the 25 cases. One patient underwent two separate procedures at different spinal sites. Of the 25 brachytherapy sites, 22 also received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT): 5, EBRT with a planned brachytherapy boost; 4, brachytherapy and prompt EBRT after recovery; and 13, brachytherapy as salvage for local failure after prior EBRT. Three had no EBRT: 1 had lymphoma treated with chemotherapy, 1 had remote previous EBRT for a childhood tumor, and 1 refused EBRT. The mean follow-up was 19.8 months. The 2- and 3-year actuarial local control rate was 87.4% and 72.9%, respectively. Four sites (16.0%) experienced local failure. The mean time to recurrence for these 4 patients was 20.3 months. Three of the four had failed prior EBRT, with surgery and brachytherapy used for salvage. The 2- and 3-year actuarial overall survival rates were 24.0% and 16.0%, mean 19.2 months. An ambulatory function score was assigned pre- and postoperatively: I, normal ambulation; II, abnormal not requiring assistance; III, abnormal requiring assistance; and IV, unable to ambulate. All patients with score I, 91% of those with score II, 67% of those with score III, and 67% of those with score IV were ambulatory after the procedure; 84% had either normal or improved ambulation postoperatively. Morbidity was restricted to four postoperative events: one cerebrospinal fluid leak, two wound infections treated in situ without removal of seeds or instrumentation, and one pulmonary embolus. No myelopathies or other neurologic sequelae were encountered. CONCLUSION: This is the largest series in the literature exploring surgery and 125I brachytherapy in the treatment of malignant spinal cord compression. We found this to be well tolerated and to result in durable local control and ambulatory function. Our results suggest a benefit to aggressive local therapy in selected patients with spinal cord compression.     

10-year biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) control of prostate cancer with (125)I brachytherapy

PURPOSE: To report 10-year biochemical (prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) outcomes for patients treated with 125I brachytherapy as monotherapy for early-stage prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred and twenty-five consecutively treated patients, with clinical Stage T1-T2b prostate cancer were treated with 125I brachytherapy as monotherapy, and followed with PSA determinations. Kaplan-Meier estimates of PSA progression-free survival (PFS), on the basis of a two consecutive elevations of PSA, were calculated. Aggregate PSA response by time interval was assessed. Comparisons were made to an earlier-treated cohort. RESULTS: The overall PSA PFS rate achieved at 10 years was 87% for low-risk patients (PSA < 10, Gleason Sum 2-6, T1-T2b). Of 59 patients (47%) followed beyond 7 years, 51 (86%) had serum PSAs less than 0.5 ng/mL; 48 (81%) had serum PSAs less than 0.2 ng/mL. Failures were local, 3.0%; distant, 3.0%. No patients have died of prostate carcinoma. The proportion of patients with a PSA < or =0.2 ng/mL continued to increase until at least 7-8 years posttherapy. A plot of PSA PFS against the proportion of patients achieving serum PSA of less than 0.2 ng/mL suggests a convergence of these two endpoints at 10 years. Patients treated in the era of this study (1988-1990) experienced a statistically improved PFS compared with an earlier era (1986-1987). This difference appears independent of patient selection, suggesting that the maturation of the technique resulted in improved biochemical control. CONCLUSION: With modern technique, monotherapy with 125I achieves a high rate (87%) of biochemical and clinical control in patients with low-risk disease at 10 years. The decline of PSA following brachytherapy with low-dose-rate isotopes can be protracted. Absolute PSA and PFS curves merge, and are comparable at 10 years.     

影响放射性粒子植入临床疗效的因素

放射性粒子组织间植入治疗肿瘤的范围不断扩大,已广泛用于多种实体肿瘤,但临床疗效仍受多种因素的影响.提高临床疗效的根本措施是严格选择手术适应证,准确控制放射性粒子种类、剂量、活度及排布,优化选择术前、术中治疗计划.     

~(125)I组织间插植放射治疗腹腔内恶性肿瘤的探讨

背景与目的：^125I组乡只间植入术主要应用于前列腺癌治疗，近来研究表明该治疗方法在其他实体肿瘤中的治疗中亦具有一定疗效。本研究拟探讨腹腔内恶性肿瘤^125I组织间插植放射治疗技术及近期疗效。方法：2006年2月--2009年1月本院治疗的腹腔内恶性肿瘤20例，其中肝转移灶7例，腹膜后淋巴结转移病灶8例，胰腺癌3例，直肠痛盆腔复发2例。结果：治疗结束后2个月采用CT复查评价，局部完全缓解（CR）7例，部分缓解（PR）7例，稳定（SD）3例、进展（PD）3例，总有效率（CR＋PR）70％。结论：^125I组织间插植放射治疗是腹腔内恶性肿瘤的有效治疗方法，近期有效率高，不良反应可以接受，远期疗效仍需进一步观察。     

Risk group stratification in patients undergoing permanent (125)I prostate brachytherapy as monotherapy

PURPOSE: Patients undergoing prostate brachytherapy (PB) as monotherapy are often selected on the basis of favorable pretreatment factors. However, intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer patients are commonly offered PB as monotherapy without the addition of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or hormonal therapy. This series reports the outcome of patients undergoing PB as monotherapy who were stratified into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups with extended follow-up. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 102 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent PB alone as monotherapy. EBRT or hormonal therapy was not part of their initial treatment. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse-free survival (PRFS) was determined in accordance with the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus statement. Patients were stratified as at favorable risk (Stage T1-2a, pretreatment PSA < or =10.0 ng/mL, and Gleason score < or =6), intermediate risk (one prognostic indicator with a higher value), or unfavorable risk (> or =2 indicators with higher values). The median follow-up period for patients in this series was 7 years (range 2.1-9.7). The median age at treatment was 71 years (range 54-80), and the median prescribed dose of (125)I was 145 Gy. RESULTS: Forty patients experienced a biochemical relapse at a median of 1.9 years (range 0.4-4.2). The 5-year actuarial PRFS rate for patients with favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable risk was 85%, 63%, and 24%, respectively (p <0.0001). All but 1 patient had the relapse within the first 5 years of treatment. When stratifying patients on the basis of their pretreatment PSA level, the 5-year PRFS rate for men with a PSA < or =10 ng/mL vs. >10 ng/mL was 78% vs. 35%, respectively (p = 0.0005). Furthermore, the 5-year PRFS rate for men with a Gleason score of < or =6 vs. > or =7 was 74% vs. 33%, respectively (p = 0.0001). No difference was found between Stage T1-T2a and Stage T2b or higher (64% vs. 54%, respectively; p = 0.353). CONCLUSION: On the basis of risk stratification, PB as monotherapy produces comparable PRFS to EBRT and surgery at 7 years of follow-up. PB as monotherapy is particularly ineffective in patients with unfavorable risk factors, and additional therapy is warranted.     

125I内放疗联合热疗和化疗治疗中晚期肿瘤的临床观察

目的:探讨125I粒子内放疗联合热疗和化疗治疗中晚期肿瘤的临床价值。方法:回顾性总结分析22例中晚期肿瘤病人125I粒子植入联合化疗、热疗的方法和经验。采用手术或CT引导下植入(1.48~2.59)×107Bq125I粒子,26处病灶共445个粒子。术后联合化疗和热疗,随访血象、免疫学指标、肿瘤学指标、影像学改变等,评价近期疗效。结果:术后3个月复查,肿瘤学指标显著下降。全组患者CR 5例,PR 12例,NC 2例,PD 3例,客观有效率为77.3%(17/22),局部病灶控制率95.5%(21/22)。1例肺癌患者植入粒子过程中出现气胸。1例患者出现粒子移位(肺内)。未见其他严重并发症。结论:125I放射性粒子植入联合化疗和热疗治疗中晚期肿瘤近期临床效果良好,并发症发生率低,是综合治疗中晚期肿瘤的一种简单、安全、有效的方法。     

Comparison of methods for calculating rectal dose after (125)I prostate brachytherapy implants

PURPOSE: To compare several different methods of calculating the rectal dose and examine how accurately they represent rectal dose surface area measurements and, also, their practicality for routine use. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study comprised 55 patients, randomly selected from 295 prostate brachytherapy patients implanted at the Vancouver Cancer Center between 1998 and 2000. All implants used a nonuniform loading of 0.33 mCi (NIST-99) 125I seeds and a prescribed dose of 144 Gy. Pelvic CT scans were obtained for each patient approximately 30 days after implantation. For the purposes of calculating the rectal dose, several structures were contoured on the CT images: (1) a 1-mm-thick anterior rectal wall, (2) the anterior half rectum, and (3) the whole rectum. Point doses were also obtained along the anterior rectal surface. The thin wall contour provided a surrogate for a dose-surface histogram (DSH) and was our reference standard rectal dose measurement. Alternate rectal dose measurements (volume, surface area, and length of rectum receiving a dose of interest [DOI] of > or =144 Gy and 216 Gy, as well as point dose measures) were calculated using several methods (VariSeed software) and compared with the surrogate DSH measure (SA(DOI)).RESULTS: The best correlation with SA(144 Gy) was the dose volumes (whole or anterior half rectum) (R = 0.949). The length of rectum receiving > or =144 Gy also correlated well with SA(144 Gy) (R > or =0.898). Point dose measures, such as the average and maximal anterior dose, correlated poorly with SA(144 Gy) (R < or =0.649). The 216-Gy measurements supported these results. In addition, dose-volume measurements were the most practical (approximately 6 min/patient), with our surrogate DSH the least practical (approximately 20 min/patient). CONCLUSION: Dose-volume measurements for the whole or anterior half rectum, because they were the most practical measures and best represented the DSH measurements, should be considered a standard method of reporting the rectal dose when calculating the DSH is not practical. Average or maximal anterior rectal doses are not reliable indicators of surface area dosimetry.     

放射性粒子与人工关节复合假体应用于肢体恶性肿瘤的临床观察

目的探讨放射性粒子125I与人工假体复合体治疗肢体恶性骨肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 15例肢体恶性骨肿瘤患者,手术中直视下将放射性粒子125I与人工假体复合,置换瘤段截除后的骨缺损。结果 15例患者术后肢体功能均恢复良好,平均随访37个月,13例无局部复发,未见放射粒子脱落游走,未见到血管、神经的放射性损伤,切口皮肤愈合良好。结论本方法安全、操作简便,未见到放射性粒子植入后相关副作用,对一些肢体骨恶性肿瘤,特别是预计有高危局部复发可能性的患者,不失为一种好的治疗方法。     

Dosimetric analysis of urinary morbidity following prostate brachytherapy (125I vs. 103Pd) combined with external beam radiation therapy

SUMMARY The purpose of this analysis was to correlate isotope selection with the urinary symptoms of patients who received a combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and a transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) boost with either a ¹⁰³palladium (¹⁰³Pd) or a ¹²⁵iodine (¹²⁵I) radioisotope. Postimplant dosimetry was performed to evaluate both urethral dose and implant quality. The American Urologic Association (AUA) scores in both the ¹²⁵I and ¹⁰³Pd groups were similar initially. However, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow‐up, the mean AUA scores for the ¹²⁵I and ¹⁰³Pd patients were 18 ± 6 vs. 11 ± 9, 17 ± 7 vs. 11 ± 7, 10 ± 3 vs. 9 ± 4, and 14 ± 8 vs. 7 ± 5, respectively (P < 0.01). The only significant difference between the postimplant dose‐volume histogram (DVH) of the ¹²⁵I and ¹⁰³Pd implants was the minimum dose that 90% of the urethra received (D₉₀). The increased AUA score of the ¹²⁵I group was weakly correlated (R² = 0.20) with the D₉₀ dose but that of the ¹⁰³Pd patients was not (R² = 0.00). This suggests that the higher AUA score of the ¹²⁵I patients was not necessarily the result of the higher D₉₀ dose. Thus, patients who received ¹⁰³Pd experienced less urinary morbidity than those implanted with ¹²⁵I. We recommend further validating these findings in prospective studies in which the quality of the ¹²⁵I and ¹⁰³Pd implants can be evaluated. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

护理干预对人工关节假体治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤患者的应用效果

目的探讨护理干预在人工关节假体治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤患者的应用效果。方法选取2012年7月至2015年7月间东营市人民医院收治的90例膝关节周围骨肿瘤患者,采取随机数字表法分为护理干预组和常规护理组,每组45例。对比两组患者膝关节活动度、焦虑抑郁量表评分和护理满意度。结果护理干预组患者的膝关节活动度优良率明显高于常规护理组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规护理组与护理干预组护理前焦虑量表评分与抑郁量表评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者护理后与护理前比较,焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均明显降低,其中护理干预组降低更加显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理干预组患者的护理满意度明显高于常规护理组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人工关节假体治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤配合护理干预可显著提高患者的膝关节活动度,降低焦虑和抑郁情绪,具有较高的护理满意度,值得推广应用。