山东某铁矿井下工作人员细胞遗传学临床分析

为了解山东某铁矿井下工作人员的放射性职业危害情况,采用微量全血培养法和胞质分裂阻滞法(CB法),分析调查对象的染色体畸变率与微核率情况.结果显示,该铁矿井下工作人员的染色体畸变率为0.45‰,微核率为8.94‰,均在正常范围内.提示,铁矿井下工作人员未受到放射性损伤.     

放射介入工作人员DNA甲基化和染色体损伤影响因素分析

目的观察和研究放射介入工作人员DNA甲基化和染色体损伤情况,分析介入操作年限等因素对DNA甲基化和染色体损伤指标的影响。方法高效液相色谱法检测淋巴细胞DNA甲基化结合微量全血培养法观察染色体畸变和微核情况并分析。结果放射介入工作人员微核率和染色体畸变率均高于对照组;介入操作年限10年组DNA总甲基化率低于其他2组;不同介入操作年限组间微核率和染色体畸变率比较,上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);微核率和染色体畸变率与DNA总甲基化率呈负相关,介入操作年限与微核率和染色体畸变率呈正相关(r=0.634,P0.05),与DNA总甲基化率呈负相关(r=-0.306,P0.05)。结论介入工作人员职业暴露工作年限是DNA甲基化降低、染色体畸变率和微核率增加的重要风险因素。     

放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变及微核率分析

探究放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞(peripheral blood lymphocytes,PBL)染色体畸变及微核率，为减少职业危害提供依据。选取2022年1-5月，来海南省中医院进行职业健康检查的放射工作人员200例，以微量全血培养法，检测分析放射工作人员PBL染色体畸变及微核率；采用受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价logistic回归预测模型对放射工作人员PBL染色体畸变的预测价值。结果显示，染色体畸变率为0.34%，微核率为0.54‰，男性与女性放射工作人员染色体畸变率及微核率比较，差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.566、3.569,P=0.452、0.059)，不同年龄放射工作人员染色体畸变率及微核率比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.114、1 177.205,P<0.01)，其中≥50岁放射工作人员染色体畸变率及微核率最高；不同工种放射工作人员染色体畸变率及微核率比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.102、536.987,P<0.01)...     

电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响

目的 探讨长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响,评价职业性受照射人群集体生物剂量和细胞遗传学效应的相关性。方法 用培养、MC法分别测定放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变,微核率。结果 放射工作人员染色体畸变阳性率为15.2%,微核阳性率为9.3%,差异有显著性。其中医用X射线诊断工作者染色体畸变与微核阳性率分别为14.9%、11.0%;小型密封源操作者染色体畸变、微核阳性率分别为17.1%、5.2%;工业X射线探伤者染色体畸变、微核阳性率分别为0、21.4%;工业X射线探伤者比小型密封源操作者微核阳性率显著增高;染色体畸变、微核阳性率均随工龄的增加显著增长;放射工作人员男性染色体畸变阳性率显著高于女性。结论 小剂量电离辐射对细胞遗传学的影响与射线种类、能量、工种、工龄、性别及累积剂量是密切相关的,淋巴细胞染色体畸变、微核阳性率越高职业性受照射人群集体生物剂量累积越多,慢性放射性损伤细胞遗传学效应就越明显。     

医用X射线放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤的调查

目的检测乌鲁木齐市市属医疗机构X射线放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率,评价医疗机构辐射安全防护措施的实施情况。方法采用微量全血培养法检测放射组和对照组的染色体及微核,分析X射线对遗传损伤的影响。结果放射组和对照组均以无着丝粒畸变为主。放射组双着丝粒+环畸变率为0.004%,对照组无双着丝粒+环畸变。放射组染色体型畸变率和染色单体型畸变率分别为0.138%和0.203%,对照组分别为0.044%和0.103%,放射组和对照组淋巴细胞微核率分别为1.490‰和0.941‰。放射组的染色体型畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、微核率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市医用X射线放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞无着丝粒畸变率、双着丝粒体畸变率、双着丝粒环畸变率和稳定性染色体畸变率、微核率均处于职业卫生标准范围内,但加强工作场所中X射线防护及个人健康监护仍然是今后长期、重要的工作任务。     

387例放射工作人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核率分析

目的 对放射工作人员的辐射防护进行监测。方法 对全市县、区级医院及相关单位的387名放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体采用微量全血培养法及微核采用甲基纤维素法进行了检查。结果 387名放射工作人员染色体平均畸变率、检出率分别为0．048％和3．92％；染色体平均畸变低于正常值0．14‰；平均微核率、检出率分别为0．424‰和23．51％，平均微核率在正常范围(0～3‰)之内；染色体畸变率和微核率都明显高于对照组，差异有显著性意义。不同工种、工龄、性别的放射工作人员染色体畸变率和微核率均无显著性差异。结论 放射工作人员染色体畸变率和微核率高于正常人群，应加强对放射工作人员的辐射防护工作。     

铀矿放射工作人员染色体畸变及微核分析

目的 分析某铀矿放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率及其变化.方法 选取广东省某铀矿接受放射卫生监护健康体检的放射工作人员269人(放射组),未接触放射线的健康成人219人(对照组),采集静脉血,采用常规培养法检测淋巴细胞染色体畸变及微核,分析比较2组以及放射组不同工龄人员染色体畸变率和微核率.结果 放射组染色体总畸变率为0.68%,染色体型畸变率为0.25%,微核率为2.54‰,微核细胞率为2.44‰,均高于对照组(P<0.05);放射组工龄≤5年组及工龄≥30年组染色体总畸变率高于工龄5～30年组(P<0.05).结论 铀矿放射工作人员接触的电离辐射可引起外周血淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率升高;从事放射工作工龄较短或较长者染色体总畸变率较高.     

吸烟者淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核形成的观察

采用染色体畸变和微核分析两个具有相关性的遗传物质损伤观察指标，同时观察了男性健康吸烟者遗传物质的损伤情况。结果表明，吸烟组超倍体细胞单、染色单体型细胞畸变率、染色体型畸变率、细胞总畸变率、微核率、微核细胞率均显著高于非吸烟组。表明吸烟是诱发人体遗传物质损伤的重要诱变因素之一。     

放射工作人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变及微核检测结果分析

目的了解杭州市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核发生情况。方法通过杭州市职业病防治院体检管理系统收集2015年11月—2017年10月放射工作人员职业健康体检资料,分析不同性别、年龄、工种和工龄工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率。结果共调查1 704人,染色体畸变率和微核率分别为0.02%和0.12‰。男性染色体畸变率为0.02%,女性为0.01%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);男性微核率为0.10‰,低于女性的0.17‰(P0.05)。不同年龄放射工作人员的微核率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中≥50岁人员较高。不同工种放射工作人员染色体畸变率和微核率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同工龄放射工作人员的染色体畸变率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论杭州市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率不高,但应重视高年资、从事核医学的放射工作人员的职业健康监护与管理。     

2018年沈阳市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变及微核率分析

目的探讨X射线对放射工作者外周血淋巴细胞染色体和微核率的影响,以便采取相应的防护措施,减少电离辐射引起的职业危害。方法 2018年选取1 199名沈阳市放射工作人员作为放射组,选取435名未接触射线的健康从业人员作为对照组。使用微量全血培养法,对外周血淋巴细胞染色体和微核率进行培养和检测分析。结果放射组染色体畸变率(0.065%)和异常检出率(3.42%)高于对照组(0.014%、0.23%,均P0.01),放射组微核率(0.48‰)高于对照组(0.39‰)(P0.05);不同工龄组放射工作人员的染色体畸变率、异常检出率均随放射工龄的增加而增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),微核率差异无统计学意义;不同岗位放射人员染色体畸变率和异常检出率差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),微核率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论放射工作人员长期接触低剂量的电离辐射,易造成外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率明显升高,并随着工龄的增长而逐渐增加。     

High radon exposure in a Brazilian underground coal mine.

The main source of radiation exposure in most underground mining operations is radon and radon decay products. The situation of radon exposure in underground mining in Brazil is still unknown, since there has been no national regulation regarding this exposure. A preliminary radiological survey in nonuranium mines in Brazil indicated that an underground coal mine in the south of Brazil had high radon concentration and needed to be better evaluated. This paper intends to present an assessment of radon and radon decay product exposure in the underground environment of this coal mining industry and to estimate the annual exposure to the workers. As a product of this assessment, it was found that average radon concentrations at all sampling campaign and excavation sites were above the action level range for workplaces of 500-1500 Bq m(-3) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection--ICRP 65. The average effective dose estimated for the workers was almost 30 times higher than the world average dose for coal miners.     

江西省某典型非铀矿山高氡暴露矿工健康效应现状调查

目的 了解江西省某典型非铀矿山高氡暴露矿工的健康效应现状。方法 采用普查的方法,对≥40岁井下一线工人进行基本情况、氡知晓率的调查,并开展井下一线矿工职业健康检查和肺部低剂量CT筛查。结果 井下一线矿工对氡的知晓率仅为3.70%,外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析发现100个细胞畸变率为0%、外周血淋巴细胞微核试验的异常率为0.02‰,眼科检查（晶体裂隙灯检查、玻璃体、眼底）均未见异常,白细胞数异常率为3.70%,肺部小结节检出率为48.15%。结论 高氡暴露井下一线矿工肺部小结节检出率较高,矿工对氡缺乏认知,亟需加强矿工关于氡的危害宣传教育及井下一线矿工的职业病预防控制。     

某水力发电站职业病危害与控制措施分析

目的识别某水力发电站运行过程中的职业病危害因素,分析其危害程度并评价防护措施效果。方法采用现场调查和工作场所有害因素检测对危害因素及控制措施进行分析。结果车间存在噪声、化学毒物、工频电场、放射性氡等职业病危害因素。检测结果显示各工作地点噪声强度为56．3—112．3dB（A）,超过85dB（A）的检测点占20．4％;工频电场强度和二氧化碳、硫酸、氨、硫化氢等化学毒物的浓度低于职业接触限值;氡浓度范围为14．5—32．5Bq／m3,低于采取补救行动的活度浓度。结论该水电站针对化学毒物、工频电场和放射性氡采取了有效的控制措施,但针对噪声危害的控制措施还需持续完善。     

The relationship between coal rank and the prevalence of pneumoconiosis.

As part of the Periodic X-ray Scheme of the National Coal Board (NCB), a comparison is made between the previous and new films of all miners who were face-workers on the former occasion, five years earlier. This assessment is made by distributing the films randomly to all the NCB readers. This paper compares the rank of coal mined in each colliery with each colliery's percentage prevalence of pneumoconiosis of at least ILO category 1 in the films of previous face-workers obtained during the third survey round (1969-73). Of the NCB's 291 collieries in Britain, information enabling a rank classification to be made was available for 250, employing 62 362 face-workers. In these 250 mines a progressive and five-fold increase in prevalence was observed from collieries mining low-rank (bituminous) coal to those mining coal of high ranks (anthracite and high-grade steam and coking coal). A possible reason for this is that, in the past, high-rank collieries may have had the highest mass-concentrations of respirable dust.     

The relationship between coal rank and the prevalence of pneumoconiosis.

As part of the Periodic X-ray Scheme of the National Coal Board (NCB), a comparison is made between the previous and new films of all miners who were face-workers on the former occasion, five years earlier. This assessment is made by distributing the films randomly to all the NCB readers. This paper compares the rank of coal mined in each colliery with each colliery's percentage prevalence of pneumoconiosis of at least ILO category 1 in the films of previous face-workers obtained during the third survey round (1969-73). Of the NCB's 291 collieries in Britain, information enabling a rank classification to be made was available for 250, employing 62 362 face-workers. In these 250 mines a progressive and five-fold increase in prevalence was observed from collieries mining low-rank (bituminous) coal to those mining coal of high ranks (anthracite and high-grade steam and coking coal). A possible reason for this is that, in the past, high-rank collieries may have had the highest mass-concentrations of respirable dust.     

矿井作业场所中呼吸尘与氡子体同时监测的方法研究

矿井作业面的粉尘与氡子体是危害工人健康的两在重要因素。有效地监测空气中的粉尘怀氡子体是工业卫生学者一直关心的课题,而如何有效地同时监测呼吸尘与氡子体更受到人们的关注。介绍了一种同时监测呼吸尘浓度与氡子体α潜能浓度的方法,该方法是将热释光探测元件组装在呼吸尘个体采样器中,使热释光元件受到与呼吸尘一起被采集在滤膜上的氡子体的放射照射。采样结束后,分别测出滤膜上的粉尘量及热释光探测元件的热释光计数,即可     

Incidence of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma in Czech uranium miners: a case-cohort study

OBJECTIVE: Uranium miners are chronically exposed to low levels of radon and its progeny. We investigated whether radon exposure is associated with increased incidence of leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma in this population. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective case-cohort study in 23,043 uranium miners and identified a total of 177 incident cases of leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Detailed information on occupational radon exposure was obtained for the cases and a randomly selected subcohort of 2,393 subjects. We used the proportional hazards model with power relative risk (RR) function to estimate and test the effects of cumulative radon exposures on incidence rates. RESULTS: Incidence of all leukemia combined and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) alone was positively associated with cumulative radon exposure. The RR comparing high radon exposure [110 working level months (WLM) ; 80th percentile] to low radon exposure (3 WLM ; 20th percentile) was 1.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) , 1.10-2.78 ; p = 0.014] for all leukemia combined and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.10-3.59 ; p = 0.016) for CLL. Myeloid leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma were also associated with radon, but RRs were not statistically significant. There was no apparent association of radon with either non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Exposure to radon and its progeny was associated with an increased risk of developing leukemia in underground uranium miners. CLL, not previously believed to be radiogenic, was linked to radon exposure.     

皖苏两省地下煤矿环境中的放射性水平研究

目的 为了了解皖苏两省地下煤矿环境中的放射性水平,对两省煤炭主采区的地下煤矿进行抽样调查。方法 同时采用瞬时法和短期积累(活性炭被动吸收)法测量井下氡浓度,直接和热释光法测量γ辐射剂量率,并对煤及矸石进行取样分析。结果 两省4个典型煤矿的井下氡浓度为6.6~102.3Bq/m³,γ辐射剂量率为9×10^-8~24×10^-8Gy/h,煤及矸石的²³⁸U为74.6~135.6Bq/kg、²²⁶Ra为55.8~98.3Bq/kg、²³²Th为18.4~112.8Bq/kg、⁴⁰K为41.6~544.3Bq/kg。估算地下煤矿矿工接受的有效剂量为0.22~1.05mSv/a,其中氡及其子体产生的剂量为0.04~0.57mSv/a,γ外照射产生的剂量为0.18~0.48 mSv/a,两省总的集体剂量为91.7人·Sv/万t。结论 煤矿井下工作人员的辐射照射问题值得关注。     

Radon and lung cancer risk: an extension of the mortality follow-up of the Newfoundland fluorspar cohort

Radon is a well-recognized cause of lung cancer, and studies of underground miners have provided invaluable insights on the mechanisms of radon carcinogenesis. Given the dramatic decreases in occupational exposures and the latent interval between the time of exposure and the development of lung cancer, continued follow-up of these cohorts is needed to address uncertainties in risk estimates. Here, we report on the relationship between radon and lung cancer mortality in a cohort of 1,742 Newfoundland fluorspar miners between 1950 and 2001; follow-up has been extended 11 y from previous analyses. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was used to compare the mortality experience of the cohort to similarly aged Newfoundland males. Poisson regression methods were used to characterize the radon-lung cancer relationship with respect to: age at first exposure, attained age, time since last exposure, interactions with cigarette smoking, and exposure rate. In total, 191 lung cancers were observed among underground miners (SMR = 3.09; 95% CI = 2.66, 3.56). ERR/WLMs decreased with attained age and time since last exposure. An inverse dose-rate effect was observed, while age at first exposure was not associated with lung cancer risk. An important strength of this study is that the effects of gamma radiation, thoron, and radioactive dust, common exposures in other miner studies, can be ruled out because the source of radon was from water running through the mine. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to uncertainties associated with the estimation of radon exposure levels before ventilation was introduced into the mine, and the relatively small number of lung cancer deaths that precluded joint modeling of multiple risk factors.     

太原市居民室内氡水平抽样调查与所致剂量估算

目的了解室内空气中氡的本底水平,找出氡的不同来源对室内的相对贡献。方法 REM-2型氡析出率仪对地面和墙壁表面进行氡析出的测量,利用FD-125氡钍分析仪对室内用水和煤气中氡的含量作了分析,探讨了太原市居室内空气中氡本底水平。结果室内氡主要是由土壤、建材中析出的,其次才是室外空气中氡的渗入,室内用水和煤气中氡贡献很小。结论根据调查结果,进行室内空气中氡对人体健康危害分析和剂量评价,建立了室内氡本底水平的数据库,为以后研究室内氡的防护措施提供了依据。