腺苷促进体外培养神经干细胞增殖作用研究

目的研究腺苷促进体外培养神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖作用。方法取新生小鼠大脑进行神经干细胞原代培养,观察神经球生成情况,特异性蛋白质免疫细胞化学染色和BrdU标记鉴定并判断其增殖能力;将腺苷按0.4,2.0,10.0 μmol•L 13个浓度加入神经干细胞培养基,同时设立溶媒对照组和阳性对照组,通过观察神经球形态、神经球生成数目及 MTT法定量比较,分析不同浓度腺苷对神经干细胞分裂增殖的影响。结果培养物中有大量神经球生成,神经干细胞特异性蛋白质免疫细胞化学染色呈阳性,BrdU标记亦呈阳性反应,所培养的细胞为神经干细胞,具有增殖能力;腺苷中、高浓度组神经球数目、MTT比色结果明显高于溶媒对照组。结论腺苷具有促进NSCs增殖作用。     

双嘧达莫对体外培养神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的研究双嘧达莫(dipyridamole)对体外培养神经干细胞的促增殖作用.方法取新生小鼠大脑进行神经干细胞原代培养,通过神经球生成的观察、特异性蛋白质免疫细胞化学染色和BrdU标记鉴定并判断其增殖能力;双嘧达莫按0.1,0.5,2.5 μmol·L-13个浓度加入神经干细胞培养基中,同时设立溶媒对照组和阳性对照组,通过观察神经球形态、神经球生成数目及MTT法定量比较,分析不同浓度双嘧达莫对神经干细胞分裂增殖的影响.结果在培养物中有大量神经球生成,神经干细胞的特异性蛋白质免疫细胞化学染色呈阳性,BrdU标记亦呈阳性反应,表明所培养的细胞为神经干细胞,具有增殖能力.双嘧达莫中、高浓度组神经球数目、MTT比色结果明显高于溶媒对照组.结论双嘧达莫具有促进神经干细胞增殖的作用.     

人胚神经干细胞分离培养与鉴定方法

目的:建立神经干细胞(NSCs)实验室分离、培养方法,为NSCs移植提供细胞源.方法:取4月龄(±15 天)正常孕妇水囊引产胎儿大脑纹状体区组织分离神经干细胞,培养于含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和B27的无血清培养基;同时利用单细胞克隆技术进行连续传代培养;利用形态学观察和免疫荧光技术检测神经上皮干细胞蛋白Nestin抗原的表达来鉴定神经干细胞.结果:体外培养的干细胞在bFGF和B27培养基中可不断增殖形成细胞球,并出现少量细胞分化.单细胞培养4天即开始分裂,同时伴有个别细胞分化;出现大量神经球一般为15天;分化的细胞在30天开始分解,50天左右基本消失.细胞培养3个月(每月补液1次)仍具有分裂增殖能力.单细胞克隆可连续传代10次,仍具增殖分化能力.液氮冻存6个月的细胞复苏后仍具增殖分化能力.单细胞克隆传代增殖的细胞球经Nestin免疫荧光鉴定,呈阳性结果,证实其胚胎源性.结论:采用bFGF和B27的无血清培养基能促进神经干细胞连续稳定增殖,并有少量分化,细胞体外培养3个月、克隆连续传代10次情况下的细胞仍具有神经干细胞特性.     

体外神经干细胞三维药物筛选模型的构建

研究目的：建立中药对神经干细胞诱导转变为神经细胞的体外模型，不仅对研究脑的发育和分化以及神经系统疾病的治疗具有重要价值，而且也有助于了解中药的作用机制，为中药的临床应用提供坚实的科学依据。本研究评价体外海马神经干细胞在胶原凝胶内的生长情况，探讨胶原凝胶作为神经系统组织支架材料的可行性，以建立适合于干细胞药物筛选及作用机理研究的三维培养模型。研究方法：①细胞培养：体外培养来源于孕13天胎鼠的海马部位神经干细胞，传至第三代；根据胶原的特性，把神经干细胞均匀混合于胶原的预凝胶溶液中，便可形成“细胞．胶原”的凝胶三维结构。②检测指标：倒置相差显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察胶原凝胶中神经干细胞的生长、伸展情况；通用免疫细胞化学方法及荧光显微技术鉴定神经干细胞，BrdU染色标记增殖的细胞；采用CCK-8法及Live／DeadViability／CytotoxicityKit试剂盒检测神经干细胞不同培养条件下的生存和增殖能力，筛选出最佳的胶原工作浓度。结果：①倒置相差显微镜下观察发现胶原凝胶中的神经干细胞生长状态良好；     

人胚神经干细胞分离培养与鉴定方法

目的 :建立神经干细胞 (NSCs)实验室分离、培养方法 ,为NSCs移植提供细胞源。方法 :取 4月龄 (± 15天 )正常孕妇水囊引产胎儿大脑纹状体区组织分离神经干细胞 ,培养于含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)和B2 7的无血清培养基 ;同时利用单细胞克隆技术进行连续传代培养 ;利用形态学观察和免疫荧光技术检测神经上皮干细胞蛋白Nestin抗原的表达来鉴定神经干细胞。结果 :体外培养的干细胞在bFGF和B2 7培养基中可不断增殖形成细胞球 ,并出现少量细胞分化。单细胞培养 4天即开始分裂 ,同时伴有个别细胞分化 ;出现大量神经球一般为 15天 ;分化的细胞在 3 0天开始分解 ,5 0天左右基本消失。细胞培养 3个月 (每月补液 1次 )仍具有分裂增殖能力。单细胞克隆可连续传代 10次 ,仍具增殖分化能力。液氮冻存 6个月的细胞复苏后仍具增殖分化能力。单细胞克隆传代增殖的细胞球经Nestin免疫荧光鉴定 ,呈阳性结果 ,证实其胚胎源性。结论 :采用bFGF和B2 7的无血清培养基能促进神经干细胞连续稳定增殖 ,并有少量分化 ,细胞体外培养 3个月、克隆连续传代 10次情况下的细胞仍具有神经干细胞特性     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的：从新生大鼠海马分离培养并鉴定神经干细胞。方法：应用含有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF)和表皮生长因子（EGF）的无血清条件培养基，采用无底物的悬浮培养法培养神经干细胞，并用免疫细胞化学技术鉴定传代后形成的细胞团。结果：EGF bFGF可能明显地促进神经干细胞分裂增殖，免疫细胞化学检测发现传代后形成的细胞团中的细胞均表达神经上皮干细胞蛋白（Nestin)。结论：我们成功地建立了新生大鼠海马神经干细胞培养模型。     

胶质瘤细胞诱导神经干细胞迁移作用的实验研究

目的观察胶质瘤细胞在体外培养条件下对神经干细胞是否有诱导迁移的作用。方法①从新生1～2dSD大鼠脑皮层分离培养神经干细胞,进行神经干细胞及其增殖能力鉴定。②胶质瘤细胞与神经干细胞限定区域联合培养,观察神经干细胞的生长及其形态学变化。结果①所获得神经细胞球Nestin染色阳性,传代神经细胞球抗BrdU染色阳性。②可观察到神经干细胞球周围长出细胞突起,在靠近胶质瘤细胞的一侧,细胞突起的密度及长度均大于其他方向上的突起并且可见部分干细胞向胶质瘤细胞方向的移动。结论胶质瘤细胞在体外对神经干细胞有诱导迁移作用。     

托吡酯促进体外培养神经干细胞增殖的实验研究

目的:研究托吡酯对体外培养神经干细胞的促增殖作用。方法:取新生小鼠大脑进行神经干细胞原代培养,托吡酯按0.4、2、10μmol.L-13个量级(或3种浓度)加入神经干细胞培养基中,同时设立溶媒对照组和阳性对照组,通过神经球生成数目及MTT法定量比较,分析不同浓度托吡酯对神经干细胞分裂增殖的影响。结果:2、10μmol.L-1托吡酯组神经球数目分别为20.67±4.04和49.68±3.79;MTT比色结果分别为0.3546±0.0705和0.5018±0.0369,明显高于溶媒对照组(7.34±2.31、0.2880±0.0093,P<0.01)。结论:托吡酯具有促进神经干细胞增殖的作用。     

成年大鼠嗅球神经干细胞的培养和鉴定

目的建立成年大鼠嗅球神经干细胞分离培养和鉴定方法,探索新的成年神经干细胞种子来源。方法用无血清方法分离培养成年大鼠嗅球来源的神经干细胞;用克隆培养、BrdU整合的方法检验培养细胞的干细胞特性;用免疫荧光细胞化学的方法检测BrdU、神经干细胞标记物Nestin和SOX2,分化的细胞标记物Tuj1、GFAP、NG2的表达。结果从成年大鼠嗅球能够分离、培养出具有自我更新、增殖的神经球,构成神经球的细胞呈Nestin和SOX2阳性,它们分化后产生Tuj1阳性的神经元、GFAP阳性的星形胶质细胞、NG2阳性的少突胶质细胞。结论成年大鼠嗅球存在神经干细胞,能够在体外进行培养、增殖、分化,是神经干细胞的新的种子来源。     

胎鼠神经干细胞培养方法的建立及药物对干细胞增殖的影响

目的建立神经干细胞培养模型，观察药物对其增殖能力的影响。方法建立大鼠胎脑神经干细胞的培养方法，并用MTT法和3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷参入法观察黄皮酰胺、丹酚酸A及人参皂苷Rg1等对第2代神经球细胞状态的影响。结果免疫细胞化学结果显示，培养的神经细胞具备干细胞的基本特性；MTT和液闪结果则表明，上述3种药物可不同程度地影响神经干细胞的存活率和/或增殖活性。结论本实验所建立的胚胎大鼠神经干细胞培养模型可以观察到一些有脑保护作用的药物对干细胞存活和增殖有一定影响。     

β-淀粉样蛋白对神经干细胞致凋亡作用研究

目的观察β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)能否诱导体外培养的大鼠神经干细胞凋亡。方法取孕13d的胎鼠大脑,体外进行培养、传代、鉴定后,加入Aβ,利用细胞计数观察细胞增生,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳及流式细胞仪观察凋亡情况。结果当Aβ浓度>25μmol/L时,能明显抑制神经干细胞的增生,同时引起神经干细胞的明显凋亡。结论Aβ抑制神经干细胞的增生并可致神经干细胞凋亡,可能与阿尔茨海默病的发病有关。     

黄芪甲苷对体外神经干细胞增殖作用影响的研究

目的探讨黄芪甲苷(astragaloside,AS)对神经干细胞增殖的影响。方法体外培养大鼠胎鼠神经干细胞,Nestin免疫化学染色鉴定NSCs,BrdU标记鉴定NSCs增殖。BrdU标记免疫细胞化学染色检测神经干细胞增殖能力。实时定量PCR技术探讨黄芪甲苷促进NSCs增殖的作用机制。结果Nestin鉴定为阳性,Brdu标记亦呈阳性;BrdU标记结果表明,黄芪甲苷高、中、低剂量组NSCs的增殖率明显提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。实时定量PCR结果表明在诱导NSCs增殖过程中,黄芪甲苷高剂量组Hes5基因表达增加(P<0.05)。结论黄芪甲苷对NSCs增殖具有明显的诱导作用,其可能通过上调与细胞增殖相关基因Hes1、Hes5、cyclinD1表达而起作用,但也可能调节与其它增殖通路有关。     

大鼠脑基底动脉平滑肌细胞培养及功能鉴定

目的探讨大鼠脑基底动脉平滑肌细胞的培养方法,了解生长特性。方法用组织贴块法培养大鼠脑基底动脉平滑肌,用免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞,用RF-5000荧光分光光度计观察细胞内Ca2+浓度的动态变化来检测其活性。结果培养5d后可见组织块周围有平滑肌细胞长出,2wk后可融合传代,经平滑肌特异性肌动蛋白α-actin鉴定,确定为平滑肌细胞。钙离子通道激动剂可诱导细胞Fura-2荧光比值(F340/F380)上升,细胞活性良好。结论组织贴块法是大鼠脑基底动脉平滑肌细胞培养简单、高效、经济的实验方法,为脑血管疾病发病机制的研究提供了理想的细胞模型。     

Developing skeletal muscle cells express functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to different intracellular signaling systems

This study analyzed the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the rat cultured skeletal muscle cells and their coupling to G protein, phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase (AC). Our results showed the presence of a homogeneous population of [(3)H]methyl-quinuclidinyl benzilate-binding sites in the membrane fraction from the rat cultured muscle (K(D) = 0.4 nM, B(max) = 8.9 fmol mg protein(-1)). Specific muscarinic binding sites were also detected in denervated diaphragm muscles from adult rats and in myoblasts isolated from newborn rats. Activation of mAChRs with carbachol induced specific [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to cultured muscle membranes and potentiated the forskolin-dependent stimulation of AC. These effects were totally inhibited by 0.1-1 microM atropine. In addition, mAChRs were able to stimulate generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) in response to acetylcholine, carbachol or selective mAChR agonist oxotremorine-M. The carbachol-dependent increase in DAG was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by mAChR antagonists atropine, pirenzepine and 4-DAMP mustard. Finally, activation of these receptors was correlated with increased synthesis of acetylcholinesterase, via a PKC-dependent pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that expression of mAChRs, coupled to G protein and distinct intracellular signaling systems, is a characteristic of noninnervated skeletal muscle cells and may be responsible for trophic influences of acetylcholine during formation of the neuromuscular synapse.     

Inhibition of prostate smooth muscle contraction and prostate stromal cell growth by the inhibitors of Rac,NSC23766 and EHT1864

Background and Purpose

Medical therapy of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) targets smooth muscle contraction in the prostate, or prostate growth. However, current therapeutic options are insufficient. Here, we investigated the role of Rac in the control of smooth muscle tone in human prostates and growth of prostate stromal cells.

Experimental Approach

Experiments were performed using human prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy and cultured stromal cells (WPMY-1). Expression of Rac was examined by Western blot and fluorescence staining. Effects of Rac inhibitors (NSC23766 and EHT1864) on contractility were assessed in the organ bath. The effects of Rac inhibitors were assessed by pull-down, cytotoxicity using a cell counting kit, cytoskeletal organization by phalloidin staining and cell growth using an 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay.

Key Results

Expression of Rac1–3 was observed in prostate samples from each patient. Immunoreactivity for Rac1–3 was observed in the stroma, where it colocalized with the smooth muscle marker, calponin. NSC23766 and EHT1864 significantly reduced contractions of prostate strips induced by noradrenaline, phenylephrine or electrical field stimulation. NSC23766 and EHT1864 inhibited Rac activity in WPMY-1 cells. Survival of WPMY-1 cells ranged between 64 and 81% after incubation with NSC23766 (50 or 100 μM) or EHT1864 (25 μM) for 24 h. NSC23766 and EHT1864 induced cytoskeletal disorganization in WPMY-1 cells. Both inhibitors impaired the growth of WPMY-1 cells.

Conclusions and Implications

Rac may be a link connecting the control of prostate smooth muscle tone with proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Improvements in LUTS suggestive of BPH by Rac inhibitors appears possible.     

Culture of organized cell communities

Cells cultured in vitro will tend to retain their differentiated phenotype under conditions that resemble their natural in vivo environment, for example, when cultured on polymer scaffolds in tissue culture bioreactors. In this chapter, we define organized cell communities as three-dimensional in vitro grown cell-polymer constructs that display important structural and functional features of the natural tissue. We review representative studies in which the research goal was to culture organized cell communities resembling cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle or cardiac-like tissue. These constructs can potentially serve as tissue equivalents for in vivo transplantation or as a model system for the in vitro testing of cell and tissue-level responses to molecular, mechanical or genetic manipulations.     

基于生物信息技术预警他汀类药物防治动脉粥样硬化安全风险

目的 通过生物信息技术探讨他汀类药物治疗动脉粥样硬化潜在的安全风险.方法 采用生物信息技术提取GEO数据库中的基因芯片数据集GSE32547,对他汀类药物干预人脐静脉内皮细胞差异表达基因进行基因本体注释、信号通路分析以及蛋白质互作网络分析,以探讨其用药风险预警.结果 生物信息分析结果 显示,他汀类药物治疗动脉粥样硬化时...     

A proteomic analysis of the acute effects of high-intensity exercise on skeletal muscle proteins in fasted rats

Quantitative proteomics is a technique that allows for large-scale comparison of the levels of individual proteins present in a biological sample. This technique has not previously been applied to examine the response of skeletal muscle proteins to an acute bout of exercise. In the present study, quantitative proteomics was applied to investigate whether the levels of individual skeletal muscle proteins are acutely affected by a short bout of high-intensity exercise. Gastrocnemius muscle was sampled from fasted rats either at rest, immediately following 3 min of high-intensity exercise or after 30 min of recovery. Muscle samples were submitted to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and 61 of the resulting protein spots were selected for quantitative analysis. It was found that skeletal muscle protein levels were generally not acutely affected by a short bout of high-intensity exercise, with only four of the 61 proteins selected for analysis being significantly altered. These altered proteins were identified using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry as creatine kinase, troponin T and a combination of heat shock 20 kDa protein and adenylate kinase 1. In conclusion, quantitative proteomics is sensitive enough to detect acute changes in skeletal muscle protein levels in response to exercise. We have found that the levels of most individual skeletal muscle proteins are not immediately altered in response to a short bout of high-intensity exercise and recovery in fasted rats.     

Neural stem cells and neurodegeneration

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, are characterized by a continuous loss of specific populations of neurons. Possible regenerative interventions include transplanting developing neural tissue or neural stem cells into the host brain, and inducing proliferation of endogenous stem cells by pharmacological manipulations. Neural stem cells (NSC), with the capacity to self-renew and produce the major cell types of the brain, exist in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). These cells can be grown in vitro while retaining the potential to differentiate into nervous tissue. This review focuses on regenerative therapy in neurodegenerative diseases using NSC.     

高血糖致骨骼肌细胞凋亡机制及α-硫辛酸保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨高血糖导致骨骼肌细胞凋亡的机制以及抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸的保护作用.方法 将30只雄性Wistar大鼠完全随机分为正常对照组(10只)、糖尿病组(8只)和α-硫辛酸组(8只),对后2组大鼠采用一次性尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)45 mg/kg体重制备糖尿病大鼠模型,正常对照组尾静脉注射柠檬酸钠缓冲液,α-硫辛酸组大鼠每天腹腔注射α-硫辛酸0.033 ml/g,糖尿病组注射0.3ml的缓冲液,于α-硫辛酸注射后12周处死动物,处死前测量体重、血糖,苏木素-伊红染色和Masson染色观察骨骼肌的结构和纤维化,测定线粒体内外的细胞色素C、骨骼肌组织的天冬氨酸半胱氨酸(Caspase)-3.结果 糖尿病组骨骼肌纤维化明显增加,胶原含量明显高于正常对照组[(11.73±1.12)%比(3.12±0.32)%,P＜0.01],α-硫辛酸组胶原含量(6.58±0.65)%明显低于糖尿病组[(1.73±1.12)%](P＜0.05).与对照组比较,12周时糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌出现了明显的结构紊乱和纤维化,Caspase-3的蛋白质水平明显增加,线粒体内的细胞色素C减低,线粒体外的细胞色素C增加;α-硫辛酸治疗12周可以明显改善骨骼肌结构,减少纤维化,减少线粒体细胞色素C的释放,降低Caspase-3的蛋白质的表达,差异有统计学意义.结论 高血糖通过增加线粒体细胞色素C的释放导致骨骼肌细胞凋亡,α-硫辛酸通过减少线粒体细胞色素C的释放减少骨骼肌的细胞凋亡,防护糖尿病骨骼肌病变.