Adrenal hemorrhage in the newborn infant

Three cases of adrenal hemorrhage requiring surgery are reported in newborn infants. In one case surgery was necessary because of massive retroperitoneal bleeding and in two other cases adrenal neoplasms had been suspected preoperatively. Diagnosis, differential-diagnosis and indication for surgical intervention will be discussed for adrenal hemorrhage in the neonatal period.     

新生儿肺出血

新生儿肺出血指肺泡出血、间质出血或两者同时存在 ,是多种新生儿疾病的临终表现 ,反映疾病的严重程度。其发病率国内外报道不一致 ,占活产儿1‰～ 5‰ ,尸检的 1%～ 4%。本症发病机制尚未完全明确 ,临床缺乏早期诊断方法 ,如不予治疗 ,病死率可高达 90 %左右 ,是新生儿死亡的主要原因。随着诊治技术的提高 ,近年治愈率明显提高。1　病因与发病机制　本病与多种因素有关 ,可能是几个因素共同作用的结果 ,与新生儿肺组织结构特殊性及肺局部血液凝固异常有关。常在以下疾病时出现 :早产、充血性心力衰竭、缺氧、感染、新生儿高黏滞血症、低体…     

Pulmonary pseudocysts in the newborn infant.

Five neonates who developed a pulmonary pseudocyst are reported. All infants had clinical hyaline membrane disease and were treated with continuous distending airway pressure. The pseudocysts developed between 39 hours and 7 days of age. In all but one pulmonary interstitial emphysema preceded or occurred together with the development of the pseudocyst. All babies went on to complete clinical recovery without surgical intervention. Radiologic documentation of the spontaneous resolution of the pseudocyst was obtained in three infants and occurred over three days, five days, and three months, respectively.     

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn infant at term: thalamic origin

Four observations of intraventricular hemorrhage in full term neonates without perinatal asphyxia are reported. The clinical pictures were remarkably similar in the four infants: neurological symptoms developed several days after birth with sunsetting and eye deviation and symptoms of cranial hypertension. Ultrasonography and CT scan showed a thalamic hemorrhage.     

Pulmonary hemorrhage in an infant following 2 weeks of fungal exposure

BACKGROUND: Exposure to indoor fungus growth and tobacco smoke has been epidemiologically linked to unexplained pulmonary hemorrhage in infants. OBJECTIVE: To describe the 40-day-old male infant who had been exposed to fungi for a discrete 2-week period followed by acute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke prior to development of a life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage. PATIENT AND METHODS: History and clinical evaluation of the infant immediately followed the pulmonary hemorrhage. Air and surface sampling for isolation and identification of fungal growth in the dwelling where the infant resided before the acute hemorrhage was accomplished when the homeowner returned from vacation 4 months after the clinical event. RESULTS: Two fungi associated with mycotoxin production were cultured from surface samples collected in the residence: Penicillium (possibly Penicillium purpurogenum) and a Trichoderma species. Stachybotrys atra was not isolated from air or surface samples. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure occurred over a discrete several-hour period prior to onset of the acute pulmonary hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Avoidance of unnecessary exposure of infants to fungus growth in water-damaged environments or exposure to tobacco smoke is prudent. Further investigation into the toxic effects of indoor fungi as causes of infantile pulmonary hemorrhage is warranted.