后程加速超分割治疗局部晚期贲门癌

局部晚期贲门癌预后较差。近几年后程加速超分割治疗恶性肿瘤取得了令人鼓舞的疗效 ,为治疗局部晚期贲门癌开辟了一条新途径。笔者对 47例失去手术指征的局部晚期贲门癌患者进行了后程加速超分割、常规根治性放射治疗的前瞻性研究 ,现将结果报道如下。一、材料与方法1.一般临床资料 :1995年 3月至 1997年 3月 ,选择局部晚期贲门癌患者 47例 ,按信封法随机分为后程加速超分割组 2 4例 (后加组 )、常规根治组 2 3例 (常规组 )。入组条件 :病灶除包括贲门外 ,还至少侵犯一个以上临近器官 (胃小弯、胃底等 ) ;已失去手术指征或患者拒绝手术 ;无…     

连续加速超分割放疗和后程加速超分割放疗治疗食管癌的疗效比较

目的 比较连续加速超分割(CAHF)放疗和后程加速超分割(LCAF)放疗治疗食管癌的疗效和毒副反应.方法 符合入组条件的食管癌125例被随机分为两组.其中CAHF组62例,LCAF组63例.CAHF组采用全程加速超分割放疗,1.5 Gy/次,2次/d,总剂量60.0 Gy/40次,26～28 d.LCAF组先采用常规分割放疗,2.0 Gy/次,1次/d,剂量40.0 Gy/20次,26～28 d;然后改用加速超分割放疗,1.5 Gy/次,2次/d,追加剂量27.0 Gy/18次,11 d;总剂量67.0 Gy/38次,37～39 d.治疗后3个月评价疗效.结果 CAHF组与LCAH组的局部控制率分别为90.3%和93.7%(P>0.05);1、3、5年生存率分别为68.5%、48.9%、29.5%和68.6%、43.7%、30.2%(P>0.05).CAHF组和LCAF组Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性放射性食管炎的发生率分别为59.7%和19.0%(P<0.05);急性放射性气管炎的发生率分别为91.9%和54.0%(P<0.05).结论 CAHF与LCAF放疗治疗食管癌的疗效相当,但CAHF放疗方案的毒副反应较重.     

术前加速超分割放射治疗直肠癌临床研究

目的探讨术前加速放疗联合手术治疗直肠癌的疗效及毒性反应.方法 1996年9月至1998年12月对直肠癌术前加速放疗的疗效及毒性反应进行了前瞻性随机分组研究,综合组和单纯手术组各51例.术前加速放疗采用8 MV X线照射,每日2次,每次2 Gy,间隔6～8 h,DT 40 Gy/20F/2周,放疗与手术间隔2～28 d,中位时间为10 d.结果综合组及单纯手术组1,3,5年生存率分别为98.0%、75.5%、75.5%和88.2%、63.1%、53.7%(P=0.03);综合组手术切除率为100.0%(51/51),单纯手术组为94.2%(48/51,P>0.05);综合组淋巴结转移率为15.7%(8/51),单纯手术组为35.3%(18/51,P<0.05);综合组局部复发率为11.8%(6/51),单纯手术组为43.1%(22/51,P＜0.05);综合组远处转移率为15.7%,单纯手术组为11.8%(6/51,P<0.05).结论术前加速放疗加手术综合治疗可以提高直肠癌的局部控制率和生存率,加速放疗缩短了治疗时间,急性毒性反应可以耐受,未增加手术难度和术后并发症.     

EP方案与分段加速超分割放疗联合治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的研究

目的 观察EP方案与分段加速超分割放疗联合应用对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法顺铂30mg/m^2和足叶乙甙60mg/m^2，静脉滴注，第1～3天；第4～8天行分段加速超分割放疗，每次1．5Gy，每日2次，2次间隔最少6h，每周期共15Gy，4周为一个周期。其中第3周期的第11～15天加用常规放疗，每日1次，每次2Gy，使放疗总剂量达55Gy。联合放化疗3周期后，再应用MVP方案化疗2周期。结果43例患者中，CR12例,PR22例，NC5例，PD4例，有效率为79.1％。在152个治疗周期中，40个周期发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ度毒性反应，主要为白细胞减少和呕吐。1年生存率为66．7％，2年生存率57．2％。结论EP方案与分段加速超分割放疗联合治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌有效率高,患者生存期长，毒副作用能够耐受，值得进一步研究。     

加速分割放疗配合同期化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌

背景与目的：临床研究表明,常规分割放射疗法治疗晚期鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)的疗效不理想,采用非常规分割放疗以及放疗配合化疗治疗晚期NPC成为目前研究的重点。本研究的目的是探讨加速分割放疗以及同期化疗治疗晚期NPC的治疗效果和放射反应。方法：将我院1993年6月。1996年6月经病理检查证实、首程接受放射治疗的416例晚期NPC患者随机分为3组：加速分割放疗(accelerated fractionated radiotherapy,AF)组138例,每周照射6天,每天1次,每次180-190cGy,共46-49天,总剂量7400-7600cGy;加速分割放疗同期化疗(accelerated fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy,AFC)组139例,放疗方法同AF组,每周加顺铂和5-氟尿嘧啶各10次;常规分割放疗(conventional fractionated radiotherapy,CF)组139例,每周照射5天,每天1次,每次200cGy,总剂量7000--7500cGy。观察各组患者的局部复发率,5年生存率和放射反应。结果：随访超过5年,AF组和AFC组的局部复发率低于CF组,分别为16．7％     

术前加速放疗与常规放疗治疗晚期食管癌的比较

术前放疗联合手术治疗８０例晚期食管癌。术前加速放疗４０例和术前常规放疗４０例。全纵隔照射，加速组４０Ｇｙ／２０次／２周，常规组４０Ｇｙ／２０次／４周。两组放疗后３～４周行食管癌根治术。手术切除率：加速组１００％，常规组９７．５％。术后病理，中、重度放疗反应：加速组９０％，常规组６２．５％，Ｐ＜０．０５。１、２、３年生存率：加速组９０％，７７．５％和６２．５％，常规组７７．５％，５７．５的和４０％，３年生存率两组统计学有差异，Ｐ＜０．０５。     

局部晚期食管鳞癌后程加速超分割放疗联合化疗的临床研究

 目的 研究后程加速超分割放疗联合化疗治疗局部晚期食管鳞癌的疗效。方法 将76例局部晚期食管鳞癌患者随机分为后程加速超分割放疗联合化疗（LCAF+CT）组及常规放疗联合化疗（CF+CT）组。LCAF+CT组于放疗前先行诱导化疗2次，化疗后先行常规分割放疗至36 Gy，缩野后程加速超分割放疗至原发灶总剂量60～66 Gy。CF+CT组化疗方法与LCAF+CT组相同，放疗采用常规分割，原发灶总剂量为60～66 Gy。结果 LCAF+CT组的1，3，5年生存率分别为81.6 %，47.4 %，34.2 %，CF+CT组的1，3，5年生存率分别为73.7 %，31.6 %，18.4 %。两组间3，5年生存率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。LCAF+CT组毒副反应较重，两组的死亡原因主要为局部复发，其次为远处转移，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 LCAF+CT治疗局部晚期食管鳞癌，可以提高疗效，延长生存期，虽毒副反应略增加，但患者均可耐受。     

局部晚期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨术前同步放化疗治疗局部晚期低位直肠癌的安全性和有效性.方法 对临床分期属T3/T4低位直肠癌患者分为A组和B组.A组28例患者,给予术前放疗,同步口服卡培他滨.B组26例患者直接给予手术.结果 A组和B组根治术率分别为82.1％和50.0％ (P ＜0.01),保肛率分别为64.3％和26.9％ (P＜0.0...     

常规放疗后期递量加速超分割治疗鼻咽癌疗效观察(附76例报告)

 目的　探讨鼻咽癌常规放疗后期递量加速超分割的治疗效果。方法　鼻咽癌患者 76例随机分为常规放疗后期递量加速超分割组 39例 ,常规放疗组 37例 ,超放组在常规放疗后 4周 ,实施递量超分割 3周 ,每分次量分别为 1.3、1.4、1.5Gy ,2次 /天 ,间隔≥ 6小时 ,5天 /周 ;常规组 2Gy/次 ,1次 /天 ,5天 /周。结果　两组 1、3年生存率差异有显著意义 ,1、3年局部控制率差异有显著意义和极显著意义。结论　鼻咽癌后期递量加速超分割可能是控制局部复发 ,提高生存率的有效方法。     

食管癌加速超分割放疗时间-剂量模式的探讨

为了探究不同的时间-剂量-分次模型对食管癌放疗生存率和毒性的影响,从2001年7月到2003年3月,对60例食管癌患者进行逐级增量全程加速超分割和后程加速超分割的随机分组研究,现总结如下。     

局部进展期直肠癌术前3DCRT与VMAT同期化疗远期疗效比较

目的:比较术前三维适形放疗(3DCRT)与容积调强弧形治疗(VMAT)同期化疗用于局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)的5年总生存(OS)及无进展生存(DFS)结果,并分析该新辅助模式下的诱导/巩固化疗的价值。方法:回顾收集2007—2013年间在中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受术前3DCRT或VMAT同期联合化疗(主要为Xelox方...     

Patterns of local recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer after intra-operative radiotherapy containing multimodality treatment

Background and purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns of local recurrence (LR) after intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT) containing multimodality treatment of locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC).

Methods and materials

Two hundred and ninety patients with LARC who underwent multimodality treatment between 1994 and 2006 were studied. For patients who developed LR, the subsite was classified into presacral, postero-lateral, lateral, anterior, anastomotic or perineal. Patient and treatment characteristics were related to subsite of LR.

Results

After 5 years, 34 patients (13.2%) developed LR. The most prominent subsite of LR was the presacral subsite. 47% of the local recurrences occurred outside the IORT field. Most recurrences developed when IORT was given dorsally, while least occurred when IORT was given ventrally. Especially after dorsal IORT a high amount of infield recurrences were observed (6 of 8; 75%). In multi-variate analysis tumor distance of more than 5 cm from the anal verge and a positive circumferential margin were associated with presacral local recurrence.

Conclusions

Multimodality treatment is effective in the prevention of local recurrence in LARC. IORT application to the area most at risk is feasible and seems effective in the prevention of local recurrence. Dorsal tumor location results in unfavourable oncologic results.     

奈达铂联合放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的探讨奈达铂联合放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法入组2010年1月至2012年1月在我院诊治的60例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,给予同期放化疗治疗,随机分为对照组（顺铂）和观察组（奈达铂）,每组各30例,对两组近期疗效、远期疗效、毒副作用进行观察和比较。结果观察组与对照组的鼻咽部肿瘤、颈部淋巴结完全缓解率（20.0%vs 16.7%;66.7%vs 60.0%）和部分缓解率（76.7%vs 76.7%;33.3%vs 40.0%）差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;与对照组相比,观察组骨髓抑制（23.3%vs 50.0%）、恶心呕吐（36.7%vs 76.7%）发生率显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论奈达铂联合放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的毒副作用少,安全性相对较高,值得临床推广。     

术前同步放化疗联合手术治疗局部晚期食管癌的疗效评价

目的探讨术前同步放化疗联合手术治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床疗效。方法选取2008年1月至2011年12月局部晚期食管癌患者68例,研究组38例患者给予多西他赛75 mg/m2,第1天静滴,顺铂30 mg/m2,第1~3天静滴,21天为1周期,并行同步三维适形放疗,化疗结束后2周手术。对照组患者30例直接手术。结果全组病例无手术死亡,术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。研究组患者完全性切除率为94.7%(36/38),对照组完全性切除率73.3%(22/30),两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组和对照组1、2、3年生存率分别为89.5%、55.3%、42.1%和66.7%、30.0%、16.7%,研究组1、2、3年生存率均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论局部晚期食管癌术前应用多西他赛和顺铂同步放化疗可降低食管癌临床分期,提高完全性切除率,并可提高术后1、2、3年生存率。     

Phase I-II trial of concurrent capecitabine and oxaliplatin with preoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

PURPOSE: To identify the maximal tolerated dose level of preoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with capecitabine and oxaliplatin and to evaluate the efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with rectal T3-T4 and/or N0-N+ rectal cancer received capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily Monday through Friday and oxaliplatin 60 mg/m(2) intravenously on Days 1, 8, and 15, concurrently with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The radiation dose was increased in 5.0-Gy steps in cohorts of 3 patients starting from 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions (dose level [DL] 1). DL2 and DL3 were designed to reach 42.5 Gy in 17 fractions and 47.5 Gy in 19 fractions, respectively. RESULTS: No dose-limiting toxicity was observed at DL1 or DL2. Of the 3 patients treated at DL3, 1 presented with Grade 3 diarrhea, which was considered a dose-limiting toxicity, and 3 additional patients were added. Of the 6 patients treated at DL3, no new dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and DL3 was identified as the recommended dose in this study. Eight additional patients were treated at 47.5 Gy. Grade 2 proctitis was the most frequent adverse event (40%); Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in 2 patients (10%). All patients underwent surgery, and 17 patients (85%) underwent R0 resection. Four patients (20%) presented with a histologic response of Grade 4, 11 (55%) with Grade 3+, 2 (15%) with Grade 3, and 2 patients (10%) with Grade 2. CONCLUSION: The maximal tolerated dose in this study was 47.5 Gy. The high rates of pathologic response of Grade 3+ and 4 must be confirmed through the accrual of new patients in the Phase II study.     

Combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiation therapy following resection of locally advanced gastric carcinoma

Twenty-five patients with locally advanced but resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach were given concomitant postoperative radiotherapy to the tumor bed and chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Twenty-two of the patients had regional lymph node involvement and seven had residual tumor in the surgical margins. Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 5,000 rads in 7 weeks with a two-week split. 5-FU was given daily the first 3 days of each treatment period and was then continued weekly for a minimum of 1 year. At a median follow-up time of 19 months, 11 patients have relapsed, two locally and nine distally, and all have died. Thirteen patients remain alive, all but one disease-free, for a median of 21 months from diagnosis. One additional patient died of unrelated causes, free of tumor. The actuarial median survival for the whole group stands at 33 months with a projected 5-year survival of 40%. Treatment has been well tolerated.     

Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without intraoperative radiotherapy for the treatment of resectable locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma

Purpose

To document the long-term efficacy of intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) followed by concurrent chemotherapy and external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the management of locally advanced gastric cancer.

Materials and methods

A total of 97 consecutive patients with T3/4 or N+ gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Fifty-one patients received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (EBRT group) and 46 received IOERT (dose range, 12-15 Gy) followed by chemoradiotherapy (EBRT + IOERT group).

Results

The 5-year locoregional control rates were 50% and 35% in the two groups with or without IOERT, respectively (p = 0.04). Two patients had recurrence within the IOERT field in the EBRT + IOERT group and 14 patients recurred in the same area in the EBRT group (p = 0.02). Multivariate analyses revealed that adjuvant IOERT was an independent prognosticator for both local-regional control (p = 0.02) and disease-free survival (p = 0.05). G3/4 late toxicity was observed in 5 patients in the EBRT + IOERT group, but none in the EBRT group (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Higher radiation dose may contribute to the improvement of local control, especially in the field encompassed by IOERT. The addition of IOERT to surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation deserves further investigation in a randomized trial.     

调强放疗总疗程时间延长对局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效的影响

目的 探讨在调强放疗(IMRT)模式下总疗程时间(OTT)延长对局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效的影响.方法 对2001年5月至2007年4月在本中心首诊接受IMRT的376例T3-4N0-3M0期鼻咽癌患者进行回顾分析.以中位OTT为界分为OTT≤45 d和>45 d两组并比较差异,用Cox回归模型行多因素预后分析,放疗时间与局部控制率关系采用直线回归分析.结果 全组OTT≤45 d和>45 d组鼻咽2年局部控制率相似(94.9%和93.1%;χ2=2.83,P>0.05),T3期患者的也相似(96.3%和98.7%;χ2=2.18,P>0.05),T4期患者的不同(92.2%和83.1%;χ2=6.30,P<0.05).放疗中断发生在治疗开始3周前、3周后或3周前后的2年局部控制率相似(98%、96%或93%;χ2=2.21,P=0.531).放化疗模式下OTT>45 d组比OTT≤45 d组2年局部控制率低(93.1%和97.5%;χ2=4.69,P=0.030).多因素分析显示OTT是T4期患者局部控制率的影响因素.直线回归分析显示T4期患者疗程每延长1 d,2年局部控制率大约下降2.7%.OTT≤45 d和>45 d组的2年无瘤生存率、无远转生存率及总生存率均相似[84.1%和78.7%(χ2=0.02,P=0.881)、87.0%和86.1%(χ2=0.85,P=0.358)、91. 7%和92.2%(χ2=0.06,P=0.806)],T3及T4期患者的均也相似[83.7%和83.2%(χ2=0.07,P=0.798)、86.6%和85.7%(χ2=0.02,P=0.898)、93.7%和94.8%(χ2=0.03,P=0.862)及81.4%和72.3%(χ2=0.16,P=0.687)、82.6%和86.9%(χ2=1.78,P=0.182)、88.3%和87.5%(χ2=0.60,P=0.438)].多因素分析显示T分期、N分期是无瘤生存和总生存的影响因素,N分期是无远转生存率的影响因素.结论 IMRT模式下OTT延长将导致T4期鼻咽癌患者局部控制率降低,临床上应尽量避免疗程延长.     

改良三维适形放疗治疗巨块型局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

 目的　探讨改良的三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）计划对巨块型非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的靶区剂量的影响,并观察近期及远期疗效和毒副作用。方法　回顾性分析临床确诊为局部晚期NSCLC的81例患者临床资料;肿瘤直径均≥5 cm;鳞状细胞癌52例,腺癌24例,腺鳞癌5例;ⅢA 63例,ⅢB 18例;分为改良前3D-CRT组（简称T1模式组）39例和改良后3D-CRT组（简称T2模式组）42例。T1模式组接受放化疗综合治疗者31例（79.5 %）,放疗剂量2 Gy／次,26～30次,总剂量52～60 Gy;T2模式组接受放化疗综合治疗者31例（73.8 %）,放疗剂量2 Gy／次,30～35次,总剂量60～70 Gy。结果　T1模式组患者的1、2、3年总生存率分别为56.4 %、33.3 %、28.4 %,1、2、3年局部控制率分别为38.4 %、28.2 %、20.5 %,中位生存期为17个月;T2模式组患者的1、2、3年总生存率分别为61.9 %、35.7 %、28.5 %,1、2、3年局部控制率分别为47.6 %、40.4 %、30.9 %,中位生存期19个月;两组之间局部控制率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,总生存率及中位生存期差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　改良后的3D-CRT技术能够提高巨块型局部晚期NSCLC患者的局部控制率及生存质量,患者1年生存率有提高,远期生存率无提高。     

复方斑蝥胶囊联合放疗治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤的临床研究

目的：观察复方斑蝥胶囊与放疗联合应用对中晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效。方法：137例中晚期恶性肿瘤分为治疗组和对照组,两组放疗方法、剂量相同,治疗组联合应用复方斑蝥胶囊。结果：治疗组cR84．8％（56／66）,PR15．2％（10／66）。对照组CR66．2％（47／71）,PR19．7％（14／71）P〈0．05。结论：复方斑蝥胶囊与放疗联合应用治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤能提高放疗患者的免疫功能,增强疗效,减少放疗反应和白细胞下降。