轮状病毒肠炎患儿免疫球蛋白和T细胞亚群的动态变化及其临床意义

目的研究轮状病毒肠炎（ＲＶＥ）患儿血清中免疫球蛋白（Ｉｇ）和Ｔ细胞亚群的动态变化及其临床意义。方法采用透射比浊法和抗体致敏红细胞花环试验检测了３８例生长发育正常的ＲＶＥ患儿血清Ｉｇ和Ｔ细胞亚群。结果急性期血清ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显低于对照组及恢复期（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤其是ＩｇＡ、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值较对照组降低更为明显（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＣＤ８明显高于对照组及恢复期（Ｐ＜０．０１）。随着临床症状逐渐消失，恢复期ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值升高，ＣＤ降低并逐渐恢复正常，与对照组之间比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论细胞免疫和体液免疫功能参与了ＲＶ的感染过程，ＩｇＡ、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值与疾病的预后有关     

放疗后肿瘤患者机体免疫功能改变初探

本文报告了我院食管癌、鼻咽癌、肺癌、宫颈癌１７１例患者放疗后免疫功能的变化。观察指标有ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ；Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８百分比和ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８值）；淋巴细胞转化率。发现放疗后除鼻咽癌ＩｇＡ有明显降低外（Ｐ＜０．０５），其余被测Ｉｇ均无明显降低。淋巴细胞转化率较放疗前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）。总Ｔ细胞百分比无明显降低，ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞明显下降，ＣＤ８Ｔ细胞明显升高。ＣＤ／ＣＤ８值除宫颈癌Ｐ＞０．０５外，其余各组均有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）；放疗后８月，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８值仍低于放疗前。     

小儿营养性缺铁性贫血合并反复感染免疫状态研究

对２２名营养性缺铁性贫血合并反复感染儿童进行了Ｔ细胞亚群、中性粒细胞吞噬功能和血清免疫球蛋白测定，结果显示，本组患儿Ｔ细胞亚群中ＣＤ＿３、ＣＤ＿４数量及ＣＤ＿４／ＣＤ＿８比值、中性粒细胞吞噬功能均明显低于对照组，而血清中ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量与正常同龄儿童对比无显著性差异．显示细胞免疫功能明显受损．提示防治缺铁性贫血，调节细胞免疫功能，增强中性粒细胞吞噬功能，对防治儿童反复总染，提高身体素质，是非常重要的。     

70例反复呼吸道感染患儿的免疫状态

检测７０例ＲＲＴＩ患儿外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群以及血清Ｉｇ含量，结果表明ＲＲＴＩ患儿ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４和ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值均明显低于对照组，ＣＤ８明显高于对照组，血清ＩｇＧ明显低于对照组，提示ＲＲＴＩ患儿细胞免疫功能处于明显低下状态，Ｔ细胞亚群功能失调。ＲＲＴＩ患儿ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４以及ＩｇＧ与患儿的感染频率，每次感染持续时间均呈高度负相关，提示ＲＲＴＩ是机体免疫功能失调的主要原因，同时两者的关系又是互为因果     

再生障碍性贫血患者外周血T细胞亚群和T细胞受体表达水平及其 …

采用流式细胞仪及间接免疫荧光法检测３０例再生障碍性贫血患者外周血中Ｔ细胞亚群及Ｔ细胞表面受体表达水平，并与健康对照组相比，结果表明：７０％再障患者存在ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比例倒置及ＣＤ８＾＋％异常增高；５０％再障患者外周血γ－δＴ细胞亚群及其在Ｔ淋巴细胞总体中所占比例均显著增高；而αβＴ细胞亚群及ＴｉｒＡ＾＋细胞百分率与正常对照组相比无显著性差异。提示：半数以上再障患者外周血中存在异常增多的γδＴ细胞及     

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）对再生障碍性贫血患者淋巴细胞亚群的影响

利用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联免疫酶标技术，对３６例接受ＡＴＧ治疗的再生障碍性贫血（ＡＡ）患者进行了淋巴细胞亚群检测，结果发现，ＡＡ患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ＾＋３ＣＤ＾＋４细胞治疗前后无明显变化，但ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８比值，ＣＤ＾＋８细胞数目治疗前后却有显著性差异。ＡＡ患者外周血ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ＾＋细胞较正常明显增高，但ＡＴＧ治疗后却有所下降，本研究的结果表明，ＣＤ＾＋８，ＨＬＡＤＲ＾＋细胞增高及ＣＤ＾＋４     

外周血T细胞亚群及细胞因子对外源性哮喘IgE生成的作用

对３０例哮喘患者及３０例健康成年人的外周血，采用单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）间接免疫荧光法测定Ｔ细胞亚群；ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法测定ＩｇＥ、ＩＬ－４；ＦＩ２细胞株，生物学方法测定ＩＬ－２；ＩＬ－６依赖细胞株７ＴＤ１，掺入法测定ＩＬ－６；用抗人ＣＤ２３的ＭｃＡｂ测定ＣＤ２３。为研究Ｔ细胞、细胞因子对哮喘ＩｇＥ生成调节机理及细胞因子在哮喘发病过程中的作用。结果显示：发作期ＩｇＥ、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－４、ＣＤ２３、ＣＤ８~＋、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８~＋比值较对照组及缓解期有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。缓解期ＩｇＥ与对照组之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＣＤ８＋、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值，ＣＤ２３与对照组之间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＤ２３、ＣＤ４、ＩＬ－６三组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果表明，ＩｇＥ合成增加是哮喘发作的关键，Ｔ细胞对日细胞合成ＩｇＥ的调节是通过细胞因子实现的，细胞因子又参与气道炎症过程。     

抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）对再生障碍性贫血患者淋巴细胞亚群的影响

利用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联免疫酶标技术，对３６例接受ＡＴＧ治疗的再生障碍性贫血（ＡＡ）患者进行了淋巴细胞亚群检测。结果发现ＡＡ患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３~＋、ＣＤ４~＋细胞治疗前后无明显变化，但ＣＤ４~＋／ＣＤ８~＋比值、ＣＤ８~＋细胞数目治疗前后却有显著性差异。ＡＡ患者外周血ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ~＋细胞较正常明显增高，但ＡＴＧ治疗后却有所下降。本研究的结果表明：ＣＤ８~＋、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ~＋细胞增高及ＣＤ４~＋／ＣＤ８~＋比值降低在ＡＡ患者的发病机制中起着重要作用。     

儿童支气管哮喘与血清IgG亚类失衡

检测３４例儿童支气管哮喘血清ＩｇＧ亚类浓度、外周血Ｔ细胞亚群、Ｔ细胞增殖功能等变化。结果表明哮喘组血清ＩｇＧ１、ＩｇＧ３、ＩｇＧ４均值显著高于对照组；血清ＩｇＧ亚类增高检出率为１００％，其中以ＩｇＧ４增高居多；ＩｇＧ亚类缺陷检出率为４４．１１％，以ＩｇＧ２缺陷为主；外周血ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ８＋细胞百分率及Ｔ细胞增殖反应明显降低，ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞比值增高。提示儿童哮喘存在以ＩｇＧ４增高、ＩｇＧ２缺陷为主要特征的ＩｇＧ亚类失衡：Ｔ抑制细胞数量和（或）功能不足可能是导致ＩｇＧ亚类失衡的主要机制。     

吗啡依赖小鼠胸腺,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群动态研究

使用流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）动态观察吗啡依赖小鼠在摄入吗啡成瘾期间及吗啡消除后中枢和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。结果表明：①摄入吗啡后２４ｈ始，胸腺中ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８Ｔ淋巴细胞降低，血液中ＣＤ４降低，ＣＤ８升高，两者比值倒置，连续摄药至ｄ５时最甚。②停止摄入吗啡７２ｈ后，胸腺重量增高，胸腺中ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８Ｔ淋巴细胞即恢复至正常；但吗啡消除１ｗｋ后，血液中的ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８Ｔ淋巴细胞始终未恢复正常。上述结果提示中枢和外周的淋巴细胞亚群对吗啡的反应敏感性存在差异，还提示吗啡在体内对中枢未分化成熟Ｔ淋巴细胞的可逆性损伤或抑制作用和对成熟Ｔ细胞的损伤或抑制更为严重，且有不可逆的作用     

反复呼吸道感染患儿巨细胞病毒感染与细胞免疫功能关系的探讨

检测１８７例呼吸道感染儿ＣＭＶ－ｓＩｇＭ和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群，ＣＭＶ－ｓＩｇＭ阳性率４２．７８５（８０／１８７），其中反复呼吸道感染的５２例检出率为６３．４６（３３／５２），较非反复呼吸道感染患儿检出率３４．８１％（４６／１３５）明显增高。同时发现反复呼吸道感染患儿合并ＣＭＶ感染ＣＤ４细胞和ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８降低，且有统计学意义。     

糖基化修饰的树突状细胞疫苗激发的骨髓瘤特异性T细胞免疫反应

探讨经糖基化修饰的肿瘤相关糖抗原冲击树突状细胞(DC)后,所得DC疫苗对骨髓瘤患者自身T细胞的刺激作用。采用化学方法及细胞生物工程法,使骨髓瘤细胞表达新肿瘤相关抗原N-丙酰多聚唾液酸(NPrPSA);在无血清培养条件下用GM-CSF/IFN-α及TNF-α诱导培养多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者外周血单核细胞DC,继用表达新抗原的肿瘤细胞冲击制备DC疫苗,并与MM患者自身T细胞共同温育,流式细胞仪分析CD4+CD29+、CD8+CD28+及CD69+T细胞。结果显示糖基化修饰的骨髓瘤DC疫苗与正常细胞相比,可明显诱导CD4+及CD8+T细胞的活化。糖基化修饰的DC疫苗可激发骨髓瘤特异性T细胞免疫反应,将为靶向性杀伤骨髓瘤细胞奠定基础。     

CD4 + T CELL MATTERS IN TUMOR IMMUNITY

CD4 + T cells have been shown to be able to affect tumor growth through both direct and indirect means. In addition, a requirement has been demonstrated for CD4 + T cells in the regulation and induction of T cell memory, and CD4 + suppressor T cells have been identified, stressing a role for CD4 + T cells in the induction and maintenance of antitumor immune responses. A review of the involvement of CD4 + T cells at different stages of tumor immunity is provided, and based on these data we discuss how CD4 + T cell response induction could be incorporated into tumor immunotherapy strategies. dendritic cells suppressor T cells T cell memory CD4 + T cells tumor immunology     

慢性髓系白血病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞检测的临床意义

目的 研究不同分期慢性髓系白血病患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞的变化特点,以及应用伊马替尼治疗后获得完全细胞遗传学反应(complete cytogenetic reponse,CCyR)患者淋巴细胞亚群表达情况.方法 选取我院诊治40例慢性髓系白血病患者,其中急变期9例,慢性期31例.采用流式细胞术检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞水平,并与正常对照组进行比较.结果 初治慢性期、急变期CML患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分率及CD4+/CD8+比值均低于正常对照组,且急变期CD3+、CD4+T细胞百分率及CD4 +/CD8+比值下降尤为突出(P＜0.01);初治慢性期患者NK细胞百分率与正常对照组相比无差异,而急变期患者低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).与正常组对比,伊马替尼治疗首次获得完全细胞遗传学反应患者仅CD4+T细胞百分率降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但获得完全细胞遗传学反应后应用伊马替尼治疗大于12月患者,CD3+、CD4+T细胞百分率及CD4 +/CD8+比值较正常对照组均有所下降(P＜0.05).与治疗前相比,治疗首次获得完全细胞遗传学反应患者CD3+、CD4+T细胞百分率升高(P＜0.05),而缓解后应用伊马替尼治疗大于12月患者T淋巴细胞亚群无改变(P＞0.05);各组的NK细胞百分比无差异(P＞0.05).初诊CML患者、急变期CD4+/CD8+的比值与BCR-ABLl/ABL1的比值呈负相关.结论 CML患者存在细胞免疫调节功能异常,且机体免疫功能与疾病分期密切相关.伊马替尼治疗初次获得完全细胞遗传学反应患者细胞免疫功能得到改善,但长期应用抑制患者细胞免疫功能.     

Cellular and mucosal immune reactions to mental and cold stress: associations with gender and cardiovascular reactivity

To examine gender differences in immune reactions to stress and relationships between immune and cardiovascular reactivity, measures of cellular and mucosal immunity and cardiovascular activity were recorded in 77 men and 78 women at rest and in response to active (mental arithmetic) and passive (cold pressor) stress tasks. Both tasks reduced CD4+ T cells and the CD4/8 ratio. Total lymphocytes, NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) increased with active stress. Passive stress decreased sIgA. At rest, men had more NK cells, less CD4+ T cells, and fewer neutrophils than women. Mental stress increased sIgA in men but not women. Cardiovascular reactivity to active stress was associated with increases in NK cells. The data support the hypothesis that stress-related increases in lymphocytes are beta-adrenergically mediated, and suggest that the fall in CD4+ T cells may be alpha-adrenergically driven. Mechanisms underlying sIgA reactions are more difficult to determine. Men and women differed in some cell counts, but not in reactivity, although gender influenced sIgA reactions to arithmetic.     

T lymphocyte subpopulations and B lymphocyte cells in caecum and spleen of chicks infected with Salmonella enteritidis

The effect of low and high doses of Salmonella enteritidis PT4 (SE) on immunocompetent cells in caecum and spleen of one-day-old chicks was investigated. Subsets of T lymphocytes positive for CD3, CD4, CD8 and B lymphocytes (Bu1b-positive cells) were counted in the caecum after immunohistochemical staining and the relative percentage of these cells in the spleen was analysed using a FACScan cytometer on days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 27 post-inoculation (pi). In the low dose group, the number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the caecum had significantly increased at day 10 pi. Both CD8+ and Bu1b+ cells were significantly higher on day 14 pi in this group. In the high-dose group, the number of CD4+ cells had significantly increased at day 7 pi. CD3+, CD8+, and Bu1b+ cells showed prolonged proliferation at days 7 up to 21 pi. Splenic lymphocytes demonstrated significant changes only in the high dose group. The percentage of splenic CD4+ cells was decreased at day 7 pi. A decrease in CD3+ and CD8+ cells was found at day 14 pi in this group.     

Ivermectin-facilitated immunity in onchocerciasis. Reversal of lymphocytopenia, cellular anergy and deficient cytokine production after single treatment.

A longitudinal investigation has been conducted into the cell-mediated immune responses of onchocerciasis patients after a single-dose treatment with ivermectin. Untreated patients tested for delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) to seven recall antigens showed lower responses than infection-free control individuals (P less than 0.01), but 6 and 14 months after treatment DCH reactions increased to similar levels to those seen in the controls. The in vitro cellular reactivity to Onchocerca volvulus-derived antigen (OvAg) was reduced in untreated patients as compared with controls, and the lymphocyte blastogenic responses to OvAg and streptolysin-O clearly improved up to 14 months after treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from untreated patients produced IL-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 in response to mitogenic stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), only low levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2 and TNF-alpha in response to OvAg, but higher amounts of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to OvAg than control individuals. After ivermectin treatment, the OvAg-induced production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha increased significantly 1 and 14 months after treatment. The PHA-induced production of IL-2 and IL-4 increased 1 month after treatment and remained significantly elevated until 14 months after treatment, whereas the OvAg-specific secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma did not change after ivermectin treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte-subsets in the peripheral blood of untreated patients revealed a relative and absolute (P less than 0.01) diminution of CD4+ cells and a significantly smaller CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio as compared with controls. By 4 weeks after treatment and thereafter, CD4+ T cells increased relatively and absolutely (P less than 0.01); likewise there was an absolute increase in T-helper-inducer cells (CD4+CD45RO+) and a temporarily improved CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio (P = 0.001). The expression of the low-affinity receptor for IgE (CD23) on total lymphocytes decreased from 14% to 7% by 14 months after treatment. The CD8+ cells and CD3+TCR gamma delta + cells were higher in patients than in controls and both remained elevated until 14 months after treatment. These results suggest a distinctly improved cellular immunity in human onchocerciasis that was facilitated by ivermectin therapy.     

NK and T cells constitute two major, functionally distinct intestinal epithelial lymphocyte subsets in the chicken

Non-mammalian NK cells have not been characterized in detail; however, their analysis is essential for the understanding of the NK cell receptor phylogeny. As a first step towards defining chicken NK cells, several tissues were screened for the presence of NK cells, phenotypically defined as CD8(+) cells lacking T- or B-lineage specific markers. By this criteria, approximately 30% of CD8(+) intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), but <1% of splenocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes were defined as NK cells. These CD8(+)CD3(-) IEL were used for the generation of the 28-4 mAb, immunoprecipitating a 35-kDa glycoprotein with a 28-kDa protein core. The CD3 and 28-4 mAb were used to separate IEL into CD3(+) IEL T cells and 28-4(+) cells, both co-expressing the CD8 antigen. During ontogeny, 28-4(+) cells were abundant in the IEL and in the embryonic spleen, where two subsets could be distinguished according to their CD8 and c-kit expression. Most importantly, 28-4(+) IEL lysed NK-sensitive targets, whereas intestinal T cells did not have any spontaneous cytolytic activity. These results define two major, phenotypically and functionally distinct IEL subpopulations, and imply an important role of NK cells in the mucosal immune system.     

A DNA prime-oral Listeria boost vaccine in rhesus macaques induces a SIV-specific CD8 T cell mucosal response characterized by high levels of alpha4beta7 integrin and an effector memory phenotype

In this study in Rhesus macaques, we tested whether IL-12 or IL-15 in a DNA prime-oral Listeria boost amplifies the SIV-Gag-specific CD8 mucosal response. SIV-specific CD8 T cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood (PB) in all test vaccine groups, but not the control group. SIV-Gag-specific CD8 T cells in the PB expressed alpha4beta7 integrin, the gut-homing receptor; a minor subset co-express alphaEbeta7 integrin. SIV-Gag-specific CD8 T cells were also detected in the gut tissue, intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) of the duodenum and ileum. These cells were characterized by high levels of beta7 integrin expression and a predominance of the effector memory phenotype. Neither Il-12 nor IL-15 amplified the frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in the gut. Thus, the DNA prime-oral Listeria boost strategy induced a mucosal SIV-Gag-specific CD8 T cell response characterized by expression of the alpha4beta7 integrin gut-homing receptor.     

2型糖尿病并血管病变患者免疫功能研究

目的 :探讨 2型糖尿病并血管病变患者血液中细胞免疫、体液免疫和C反应蛋白 (CRP)的变化。方法 :采用流式细胞术和免疫比浊法测定 42例糖尿病血管病变患者血液细胞免疫参数CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、B细胞和NK细胞、血清免疫球蛋白 (IgG、IgA、IgM)、补体 (C3、C4)等体液免疫参数和作为炎症介质的CRP ,并与5 0例 2型糖尿病无血管病变者及 46例正常对照组比较。结果 :2型糖尿病无论是否并发血管病变 ,与正常对照组比较CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、B、NK显著性减低 (P <0 .0 1) ,IgA、IgM、C3、C4、CRP显著升高(P <0 .0 1) ;并发血管病变组与不并发血管病变组比较C4、CRP显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :2型糖尿病患者无论是否并发血管病变 ,机体细胞免疫和体液免疫都异常 ,且炎症介质CRP升高 ,并发血管病变患者机体的炎症介质进一步升高。