p53、p63及p73在皮肤血管瘤组织中的表达

目的　为探讨p5 3p6 3及p73蛋白在皮肤血管瘤组织中的表达及意义。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法和图像分析技术检测 4 0例血管瘤组织和 2 0例正常皮肤组织中p5 3、p6 3及p73基因的表达。结果　在增生期血管瘤、退化期血管瘤和正常皮肤组之间 ,p73蛋白免疫组化阳性反应颗粒的平均光密度分别为 6 4 0 8± 2 15 1、1 0 73± 0 5 16和 0 95 3± 0 12 0。p6 3蛋白免疫组化阳性反应颗粒的平均光密度分别为 8 2 71± 1 95 3、0 92 3± 0 191和 0 92 0± 0 187。p5 3蛋白免疫组化阳性反应颗粒的平均光密度分别为 7 2 4 0± 1 874、0 934± 0 187和 0 92 3± 0 16 5。增生期血管瘤与退化期血管瘤、正常皮肤组分别组比 ,p73、p6 3及p5 3阳性表达的差异均有高度显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ,消退期血管瘤与正常皮肤组之间 ,p73、p6 3及p5 3阳性表达差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　在增生期血管瘤组织中p73、p6 3及p5 3呈高表达 ,促进了内皮细胞的增殖 ,是导致血管瘤发生、发展的主要因素     

胃癌组织中p21、p27、p53和Rb的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达在胃癌发生、发展中的作用.方法 应用免疫组化EnVision法检测111例胃癌,38例不典型增生、47例肠上皮化生、25例慢性萎缩性胃炎和53例正常胃黏膜组织中p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白的表达.结果 p21和p27蛋白表达水平在不典型增生组织最高,其次是胃癌组织,与正常胃黏膜组织相比差异均有显著性(P<0.001).在胃癌组织中p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达均高于正常胃黏膜组织(P均＜0.01).p21、p27蛋白表达与胃癌的类型和分化相关(P均＜0.01),p53表达水平与患者的年龄、性别、胃癌的类型和患者的生存率相关.女性患者Rb蛋白表达明显高于男性,差异有显著性(P<0.05).p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达水平之间均呈正相关.结论 p21、p27、p53和Rb蛋白表达可以作为胃癌的辅助诊断指标,四种蛋白在判断胃癌的生物学行为上具有协同作用.     

Family with partial monosomy 10p and trisomy 10p

We report on a family with an abnormality of 10p. The propositus has monosomy for the distal region of 10p and severe psychomotor delay, growth failure, congenital heart defect, multicystic kidney, grade V vesicoureteric reflux, and neurosensory hearing loss. The mother and the elder brother of the propositus carry a balanced reciprocal translocation (5q;10p)(q35.3;p12.3). A retarded and epileptic maternal aunt was found to have dup(10p). Study of the family history led to the successful obstetric management of a subsequent twin pregnancy in which an affected fetus with dup(10p) was identified and selectively terminated, while the other normal twin was delivered at term without problems. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The significance of immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, p53, p21, and p16 in meningiomas tissue arrays

Although histologic grading of meningiomas has prognostic and clinical implications, it is difficult in some cases to predict the outcome of patients. There have been several efforts to evaluate the use of different immunohistochemical markers for predicting meningioma prognosis. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, p53, p21, p16, and PTEN proteins in 130 meningiomas (64 benign, 39 atypical, and 27 malignant meningiomas) using tissue microarray. The tumors were graded according to the World Health Organization classification. There was a statistically significant correlation between the expression of Ki-67, p53, p21, p16, and the grade of meningiomas (p0.001). By ordinal logistic regression, p53 and Ki-67 were significantly associated with grade, and an increase of 1% in the labeling index of these markers resulted in an increase in the risk of raising the grade by 2.17 and 1.49, respectively. Histological grade, p53, Ki-67 labeling indices, and overexpression of p16 were strongly associated with decreased event-free survival in univariate analysis. In contrast, multivariate analysis revealed that only tumor grade is an independent factor for predicting meningioma recurrence. We conclude that the Ki-67 and p53 labeling indices are useful additional tools in discriminating atypical from benign or anaplastic meningiomas, especially in histological borderline cases.     

p21和p27基因多态性与肿瘤的相关性

做为细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶抑制剂，p21和p27被认为是侯选的抑癌基因，在细胞周期的调控中发挥重要作用。p21和p27基因的突变或多态性可能与人类多种肿瘤的发生发展有关。研究该二基因的多态性可能有助于判断肿瘤的发病风险、临床特征以及预后。     

乳腺癌p53和p27蛋白的表达及意义

目的　探讨p5 3蛋白和p2 7蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及意义。方法　应用免疫组化S -P法检测 6 7例乳腺癌中p5 3蛋白和p2 7蛋白的表达情况。结果　 6 7例乳腺癌中p5 3蛋白和p2 7蛋白的阳性表达率分别为 5 8 3%和 5 9 7% ,p5 3蛋白的表达与乳腺腋窝淋巴结转移有相关性 (P <0 0 1) ,p2 7蛋白的表达也与乳腺腋窝淋巴结转移有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,乳腺癌p2 7和p5 3蛋白表达之间无明显相关。结论　p5 3蛋白的过表达和p2 7蛋白的失表达均与乳腺癌发生发展相关 ,二者可作为判断乳腺癌预后的有用指标     

大鼠脑慢性缺血状态再灌注对海马区神经细胞凋亡及p21和p53蛋白表达的影响

目的通过建立大鼠慢性脑缺血再灌注模型,观察再灌注时大鼠海马区神经细胞凋亡及p53和p21蛋白的表达。方法70只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10),模型组(n=30),模型再灌注组(n=30),应用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况,用免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马p53和p21蛋白的表达。结果对照组未见凋亡细胞,模型组凋亡细胞数明显少于模型再灌注组(p<0.05);p53和p21蛋白在对照组无表达,模型组表达少于模型再灌注组(p<0.05),术后48h达高峰,72h后逐渐降低。结论慢性脑缺血再灌注后海马神经细胞凋亡,海马区p53和p21蛋白表达上调可能参与正常灌注压突破综合症发病机制。     

原发胃癌中p16和p15基因表达及甲基化异常

为检测胃癌组织中抑癌基因p16,p15及其启动子区甲基化状态和P16、P15蛋白表达情况。选择p16、p15基因及启动子区域，用PCR－SSCP、MSP（甲基化特异的PCR）和测序法对100例胃癌患者的癌组织、癌旁正常组织和5例正常组织进行检测，同时用免疫组化法检测了癌组织和正常对照组织的P16和P15的表达。结果发现癌组织p16和p15基因启动子区甲基化率显著高于癌旁正常组织和正常对照；胃癌组织中，71％的病例P16表达阴性，54％的病例具有p16基因启动子区的高甲基化，无突变和纯合缺失检出；11％的病例P15表达阴性，9％的病例具有p15基因启动子区的高甲基化，p15异常与低分化胃癌有关，p15基因内含子1和外显子1内各发现1例DNA序列改变；癌组织中p16和p15基因启动子区甲基化与其蛋白表达密切相关。结果显示p16基因启动子区域高甲基化是胃癌中p16基因失活的关键因素之一，并在胃癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用；p15基因启动子区域高甲基化在胃癌中起一定作用。     

17p11.2p12 triplication and del(17)q11.2q12 in a severely affected child with dup(17)p11.2p12 syndrome

Multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndromes due to genomic rearrangements involving chromosome 17p11.2 include deletion resulting in Smith-Magenis syndrome and a reciprocal duplication of the same region resulting in the 17p11.2 duplication syndrome. We present the clinical and molecular analysis of an 8-year-old male with a dup(17p11.2p12) who was evaluated for unusual severity of the phenotype. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis not only confirmed the 17p duplication but also identified an approximately 25% mosaicism for tetrasomy 17p11.2p12. Whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed to identify other genomic rearrangements possibly contributing to the severe phenotype and the unusual features in the patient. The 17p duplication was determined by FISH and aCGH to encompass approximately 7.5 Mb, from COX10 to KCNJ12. An approximately 830 Kb deletion of 17q11.2q12, including exon 1 of an amiloride-sensitive cation channel neuronal gene, ACCN1, was also identified by aCGH; breakpoints of the deletion were confirmed by FISH. Sequencing the non-deleted allele of ACCN1 did not show any mutations. Western analysis of human tissue-specific proteins revealed that ACCN1 is expressed not only in the brain as previously reported but also in all tissues examined, including heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The large-sized 17p11.2p12 duplication, partial triplication of the same region, and the 17q11.2q12 deletion create a complex chromosome 17 rearrangement that has not been previously identified. This is the first case of triplication reported for this chromosome. Our study emphasizes the utility of whole-genome analysis for known cases with deletion/duplication syndromes with unusual or severe phenotypes.     

衰老与P16基因

p16基因被认为是肿瘤抑制基因,它的缺失与许多肿瘤有关,但近年来的研究表明p16还与细胞衰老有着紧密联系,p16的过量表达会诱导细胞发生成熟前衰老,是一个名副其实的衰老基因,这也是p16抑制肿瘤发生的机制,p16诱导衰老的分子机理是因为p16充当细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制子,使细胞周期停滞而发生衰老,本文就近年来这一领域的进展作一综述。     

p73: structure and function

Alteration of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is a common, if not general, observation in human malignant tumors. p73 Is a novel member of the p53 family at chromosome 1p36.3, at which locus frequent defects are seen in many tumors including neuroblastoma. Besides structural similarities, the fact that p73 functions in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis promotes the expansion of the research field concerning p53-associated tumor progression. In this paper, we review the structure and function of p73 as well as the mutational status in various human tumors. In addition, possibilities for new therapeutic applications with p73 for cancer cell control are discussed.     

Interactions between the tyrosine kinases p56lck,p59fyn and p50csk in CD4 signaling in T cells

Interaction of the CD4 co-receptor with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules during antigen presentation results in enhancement of antigen receptor signaling. The synergism between the two receptors is believed to result from the juxtaposition of the CD4-associated tyrosine kinase p56lck with the cytoplasmic domains of CD3 complex components. Here, we report that cross-linking of CD4 on the surface of Jurkat cells using monoclonal antibodies results in activation of the CD3-associated kinase p59fyn. Co-cross-linking of CD4 and CD3 results in synergistic activation of p59fyn. The p59fyn kinase is also hyperactive in a Jurkat cell line stably transfected with a constitutively active p56lck mutant, indicating that p56lck mediates CD4 activation of p59fyn. In support of this hypothesis, expression of a dominant inhibitory mutant of p59fyn blocks CD4 signals involved in gene activation. In addition, the p59fyn dominant inhibitor mutant blocks gene-activating signals induced by expression of a constitutively active mutant of p56lck. Overexpression of the regulatory kinase p50csk, which attenuates TcR signaling by inactivation of p59fyn, inhibits signaling from the constitutively active form of p56lck. Taken together, these data suggest that CD4/p56lck enhancement of TcR signaling is, at least in part, mediated by activation of p59fyn, and may be regulated by p50csk.     

Microdeletions at 19p13.11p12 in five individuals with neurodevelopmental delay

Only few copy number variants at chromosome 19p13.11 have been reported, thus associated clinical information is scarce. Proximal to these copy number losses, we now identified deletions in five unrelated individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. They presented with psychomotor delay as well as behavioral and sleeping disorders, while complex cardiovascular, skeletal, and various other malformations were more variable. Dysmorphic features were rather unspecific and not considered as a recognizable gestalt.Neither of the analyzed parents carried their offsprings' deletions, indicating de novo occurrence. The deletion sizes ranged between 0.7 and 5.2 Mb, were located between 18 and 24 megabases from the telomere, and contained a variable number of protein-coding genes (n = 25–68). Although not all microdeletions shared a common region, the smallest common overlap of some of the deletions provided interesting insights in the chromosomal region 19p13.11p12. Diligent literature review using OMIM and Pubmed did not identify a satisfying candidate gene for neurodevelopmental disorders. In the literature, a de novo in-frame deletion in MAU2 was considered pathogenic in an individual with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Therefore, the clinical differential diagnosis of this latter syndrome in one individual and the encompassment of MAU2 in three individuals' deletions suggest clinical and genetic overlap with this specific syndrome. Three of the four here reported individuals with deletion encompassing GDF1 had different congenital heart defects, suggesting that this gene's haploinsufficiency might contribute to the cardiovascular phenotype, however, with reduced penetrance.Our findings indicate an association of microdeletions at 19p13.11/ 19p13.11p12 with neurodevelopmental disorders, variable symptoms, and malformations, and delineate the phenotypic spectrum of deletions within this genomic region.     

Direct duplication of 9p22→p24 in a child with duplication 9p syndrome

A de novo direct duplication of 9p22→p24 was shown in a child with a duplication 9p phenotype by GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome-9 specific painting probe as well as 6 YAC DNA probes localized to the 9p13–9p23 region. The breakpoints in this patient and previously reported patients suggest that 9p22 may be the critical region for duplication 9p syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 77:268–271, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Expression and prognostic implications of cell cycle regulatory molecules, p16, p21, p27, p14 and p53 in germinal centre and non-germinal centre B-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

AIMS: To evaluate the different expression patterns and the prognostic significance of cell cycle regulatory molecules in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) of germinal centre (GC) and non-GC phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tissue microarray slides composed of 126 extranodal and 88 nodal DLBCLs were immunostained for p16, p21, p27, p14 and p53. DLBCLs were classified into GC and non-GC phenotype according to the immunohistochemical expression of bcl-6, CD10, and MUM1. Aberrant expression of p53 was more frequent in the GC phenotype in nodal cases (P = 0.038), and the loss of p16, p21 and p14 expression was significantly more common in the non-GC phenotype (P = 0.004, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). Concurrent disruptions of the p16-Rb and p14-p53 pathways as represented by the immunoprofile of p16/p14/p53 (-/-/+) were associated with a poor prognosis in the GC phenotype [mean survival 31 months in the p16/p14/p53 (-/-/+) group versus 62 months in the other groups, P =0.0485]. CONCLUSIONS: The expression and prognostic implications of cell cycle regulatory molecules differ between GC and non-GC phenotypes in DLBCLs. The immunoprofile of p16/p14/p53 (-/-/+) within the GC phenotype of DLBCLs can be defined as a poor prognostic subgroup.     

细胞周期抑制蛋白p16、p27蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的探讨p27、p16、PCNA的蛋白表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系,为根治垂体腺瘤及减少肿瘤术后复发提供实验依据。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测43例侵袭性垂体腺瘤和37例非侵袭性腺瘤的p16、p27和PCNA蛋白表达水平,分析p16、p27蛋白表达水平与PCNA蛋白表达之间的相关性。结果垂体侵袭腺瘤p16、p27蛋白表达较非侵袭组明显减低;复发组p16蛋白表达的阳性率与非复发组之间无统计学意义。p27蛋白表达的阳性率较非复发组减低有显著差异。结论p16、p27蛋白表达异常与垂体腺瘤的发生及侵袭性有关,它们的表达情况能作为垂体腺瘤侵袭性的参考指标。