Concurrent and Longitudinal Predictors of Self-Esteem in Elementary and Middle School Girls

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of factors related to self-esteem, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, among 2 cohorts of girls over a period of 4 years, from elementary through middle school. METHODS: A multiethnic sample of 656 elementary school girls recruited from 13 schools in Hayward, CA, and Tucson, AZ, was evaluated annually over a 4-year period. The McKnight Risk Factor Survey IV was administered, which consists of 103 questions that assess self-esteem, appearance appraisal, effect of body changes, depressed mood, teasing, school performance, and other factors. In addition, participants' heights and weights were measured. RESULTS: The most important predictor of self-esteem in each grade was appearance appraisal, and, in all grades but the eighth, weight-related teasing by either boys or girls was also a predictor of self-esteem. Teasing about weight was more important than body weight itself in predicting self-esteem. Self-esteem was lower in girls who were teased about their weight, even if they believed that it had no effect on how they felt about themselves. School performance predicted self-esteem in grades 6 and 8. In longitudinal analyses, the participant's current perception of her appearance was more important than her previous level of self-esteem in predicting current self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the need to allocate funding to address the issue of teasing as 1 of the stressors in the school environment, and to explore further the important relationship between school performance and self-esteem.     

多指标判别分析对中小学校体育课运动负荷评价的研究

通过对成都市64名中小学生体育课大、中、小运动负荷的实验研究，采用逐步判别分析方法筛选出9项指标，建立Fisher判别函数模型评价体育课运动负荷的等级。结果显示：其回代正确率为93．16％，它在反映运动负荷的全面性和指标优化方面较目前常用方法优越。为中小学生体育锻炼运动负荷卫生标准的制订提供了可靠的依据。     

健康教育对农村中小学生口腔保健的影响

通过实施农村中小学生口腔健康教育干预项目，明显改善了农村中小学生的口腔保健知识、观念、行为。口腔健康教育是提高农村中小学生口腔知识水平和改善口腔状况的有效途径。     

缺铁性贫血对小学生体质的不良影响

根据１９９１年全国学生体质与健康监测数据，自２９个省市区城乡汉族男女７、９、１２岁小学生３５０１０人中筛查出贫血者占３８．０％。进一步将他们分为轻中度贫血组，与正常对照学生就８项体质指标作对比分析。结果表明，即便轻度贫血，也会造成生长迟滞、机能水平下降和素质发育低下；中度贫血者在身高、体重及肌耐力等方面的落后状态更明显。本文就贫血对小学生体质的不良影响的病理机制进行讨论，并就如何采取干预措施以降低学生贫血患病率提出建议。     

2006年章丘市部分中小学生营养状况调查

[目的]了解章丘市中小学生营养状况,为开展学生营养不良、超重、肥胖的防治工作提供依据。[方法]2006年9~12月,在章丘市抽取3所中学、3所小学,对2135名学生进行营养状况调查。[结果]调查学生2 135名,营养不良率为22.39%,超重率为6.32%,肥胖率为8.90%。营养不良率中学生为26.77%,小学生为17.94%(P<0.01);肥胖率小学生为10.48%,中学生为7.34%(P<0.01)。肥胖率中学男生为9.34%,女生为5.23%(P<0.05)。[结论]章丘市中小学生营养不良率较低,肥胖率较高。     

高原不同海拔地区小学生学习能力变化特点研究

通过对高原环境与小学生学习能力之间关系的研究，找出了不同海拔地区小学生学日、周学习能力的变化规律和特征，分析了产生这些规律和特征的原因，有针对性地提出几点建议，为高原地区小学校合理地组织教育和科学地安排作息制度，提高高原小学生的学习效率，使其在受教育的过程中身心得到健康发展提供了依据。也为高原小学校实施学校卫生的监督管理提供了参考数据。