The psychometric testing of the Nursing Teamwork Survey in Iceland

The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Nursing Teamwork Survey‐Icelandic (NTS‐Icelandic), which was translated from US English to Icelandic. The Nursing Teamwork Survey, with 33 items, measures overall teamwork and five factors of teamwork: trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental models, and team leadership. The psychometric testing of the NTS‐Icelandic was carried out on data from a pilot study and a national study. The sample for a pilot study included 123 nursing staff from five units, and the sample for a national study included 925 nursing staff from 27 inpatient units. The overall test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient in the pilot study was 0.693 (lower bound = 0.498, upper bound = 0.821) (p < 0.001). The Cronbach's alpha reliability for the total scale and subscales ranged from 0.737 to 0.911. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the data from the national study with the five‐factor model for nursing teamwork. The NTS‐Icelandic tested valid and reliable in this study. Study findings support further use of the Nursing Teamwork Survey internationally.     

Palliative care teams: Effective through moral reflection

Working as a multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team is an essential condition to provide good palliative care. This widespread assumption is based on the idea that teamwork makes it possible to address the various needs of the patient and family more effectively. This article is about teamwork and about the effectiveness of teams working in palliative care. First, the nature of teamwork will be highlighted. Second, attention will be paid to team effectiveness; what exactly is team effectiveness and with what parameters can it be measured? Third, the nature of moral reflection and moral deliberation in palliative care will be highlighted. A concrete process of moral deliberation will be described. In conclusion, we shall argue that the capacity for moral reflection is a feature of a team working effectively.     

Leadership of interprofessional health and social care teams: a socio-historical analysis

reeves s., macmillan k. & van soeren m. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 258–264
Leadership of interprofessional health and social care teams: a socio-historical analysis Aim The aim of this paper is to explore some of the key socio-historical issues related to the leadership of interprofessional teams. Background Over the past quarter of a century, there have been repeated calls for collaboration to help improve the delivery of care. Interprofessional teamwork is regarded as a key approach to delivering high-quality, safe care. Evaluation We draw upon historical documents to understand how modern health and social care professions emerged from 16th-century crafts guilds. We employ sociological theories to help analyse the nature of these professional developments for team leadership. Key issues As the forerunners of professions, crafts guilds were established on the basis of protection and promotion of their members. Such traits have been emphasized during the evolution of professions, which have resulted in strains for teamwork and leadership. Conclusions Understanding a problem through a socio-historical analysis can assist management to understand the barriers to collaboration and team leadership. Implications for nursing management Nursing management is in a unique role to observe and broker team conflict. It is rare to examine these phenomena through a humanities/social sciences lens. This paper provides a rare perspective to foster understanding – an essential precursor to effective change management.     

Exploring the importance of team psychological safety in the development of two interprofessional teams

It has been previously demonstrated that interactions within interprofessional teams are characterised by effective communication, shared decision-making, and knowledge sharing. This article outlines aspects of an action research study examining the emergence of these characteristics within change management teams made up of nurses, general practitioners, physiotherapists, care assistants, a health and safety officer, and a client at two residential care facilities for older people in Ireland. The theoretical concept of team psychological safety (TPS) is utilised in presenting these characteristics. TPS has been defined as an atmosphere within a team where individuals feel comfortable engaging in discussion and reflection without fear of censure. Study results suggest that TPS was an important catalyst in enhancing understanding and power sharing across professional boundaries and thus in the development of interprofessional teamwork. There were differences between the teams. In one facility, the team developed many characteristics of interprofessional teamwork while at the other there was only a limited shift. Stability in team membership and organisational norms relating to shared decision-making emerged as particularly important in accounting for differences in the development of TPS and interprofessional teamwork.     

护理专业性社会支持的内涵与外延

社会支持作为一个具有交叉学科性质的概念,与个体心理健康有着直接密切的关系。护理人员作为患者社会支持系统的组成部分,因其职业特点而必须承担专业性社会支持的重要责任,但目前尚缺乏护理专业性社会支持的明确定义。笔者依据逻辑学中的定义方法,将护理专业性社会支持定义为患者及其家属主观感受或(和)客观接收到的源自护理专业性的职业态度、知识和技能支持;通过护士提供专业的技术、信息和情感的支持,提高患者应对和适应疾病的能力,促进患者生理、心理、家庭和社会功能的系统康复,并对其构成体系进行了分析;同时,探讨了目前护理专业性社会支持研究中存在的问题,并进一步提出相应的护理专业性社会支持的研究建议,如客(主)体需求与客(主)体社会资本的利用与建设、护理专业性社会支持在心理护理中的作用等。     

营养支持护理学组的组建与临床实践

目的探讨营养护理学组对预防营养高风险住院患者营养支持过程中并发症和提高护理人员专业水平的效果。方法择优选拔学组护理骨干,明确学组成员职责;对营养基础理论、疾病知识和护理常规、操作技能进行系统培训;对并发症的高危人群制定营养管理标准;建立护理部、学组二级质量控制体系;定期开展学组活动,组织进行疑难病例讨论。结果完善了全院营养质量监控体系,营养相关并发症明显下降,营养学术水平得到进一步提高。结论营养护理学组的建立能保证护士对患者实施规范的营养护理措施,减少营养支持过程中并发症,提高患者生活质量,推进护理学科向专业化发展。     

Discursive patterns in multiprofessional healthcare teams

AIM: The aim of this paper is to report a study exploring how members of multiprofessional healthcare teams talk about their team. Specifically, the team members' talk was analysed to explore the discursive patterns that emerged and their functions. BACKGROUND: Over recent decades there has been an increasing demand in Western countries to change care organizations and to coordinate resources and professional competencies to meet the needs of patients/service users better. Because society promotes this kind of work, it may be valuable to explore the self-presentations of a multiprofessional healthcare team. METHODS: A discourse analysis was carried out on existing empirical data from focus group interviews with a member-identified category sample comprising 32 healthcare professionals in six authentic multiprofessional teams in south-east Sweden. The analysis focused on the participants' discursive constructions of multiprofessional teamwork, on the way they talked about their group, and, in particular, on their use of the pronouns we, they and I. FINDINGS: The constructions of 'we' by multiprofessional healthcare teams showed discursive patterns that are here referred to as knowledge synergy and trusting support, which included factors such as cross-learning and personal chemistry. The pronoun we was also used as a flexible resource to manage expertise, power and leadership within the teams, and it might also function to ease the pressure for consensus. CONCLUSION: These discursive patterns provided powerful rhetorical resources for team members, both to affirm their choice of membership and to claim superiority in relations with the surrounding community (the others) by linking to a societal discourse that promotes collaboration.     

肝癌患者的社会支持状况及其护理对策

应用“社会支持评定量表”对 88例原发性肝癌患者的社会支持情况进行调查 ,结果显示 ,肝癌患者获得的社会支持患者为 32～ 49岁 ,平均 39 5 2± 4.2 7。与正常人相比 ,家庭和社会给予了患者较多的社会支持 ,但却低于其他癌症患者。为了增加肝癌患者的社会支持 ,护士应充分评估并采取措施帮助病人优化社会支持网络 ;加强患者与家庭间的联系 ;对肝癌患者及其家属进行有关疾病及乙肝的消毒隔离措施等方面的健康教育。最后 ,护士本身也可以成为社会支持的源泉     

护理本科生专业承诺与社会支持的相关性分析

目的了解护理本科生专业承诺的现状，并分析其与社会支持的相关性。方法通过便利抽样，采用大学生专业承诺调查问卷和领悟社会支持量表对不同年级179名护理本科生进行测评，对资料进行描述性分析、Pearson相关分析和多元回归分析。结果护理本科生的专业承诺水平不是很高。相关分析显示：除继续承诺以外，社会支持总分和其他支持与专业承诺的各维度及总承诺均具有相关性（P〈0．05）；另外家庭支持和朋友支持与总承诺、感情承诺及规范承诺均具有相关性（P〈0．05）；多元回归分析显示：其他支持是对总承诺影响最为显著的方面（P=0．030）。结论护理本科生专业承诺水平不高；老师的专业思想教育、家人和朋友对护生所学专业的理解认同都影响护理本科生专业承诺．其中学校的专业思想教育、老师的专业指导和同学们对护生所学专业的理解和认同对护生专业承诺影响最为显著。