局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗局限性或节段性肌张力障碍

目的　观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛、眼肌痉挛、Meige综合征 (睑痉挛 -口颌肌张力障碍综合征 )及痉挛性斜颈的疗效。方法　用A型肉毒毒素对 6 4例肌张力障碍患者 (5 1例偏侧面肌痉挛、10例眼睑痉挛、1例Meige综合征、2例痉挛性斜颈 )行面部肌肉局部多点注射 ,分析其治疗效果。结果　 5 1例偏侧面肌痉挛者 ,完全缓解 2 0例 (4 0 % ) ,明显缓解 30例 (5 9% ) ,1例无效 ;10例眼睑痉挛者 ,5例完全缓解 ,4例明显缓解 ,1例无效 ;1例Meige综合征部分缓解 ;2例痉挛性斜颈者 ,1例明显缓解 ,1例部分缓解 ;总有效率达 97%。起效时间数小时至 7天 ,缓解时间 3～ 7个月。局部副反应轻微、短暂 ,无全身反应及过敏反应。结论　A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射可有效控制局部肌张力过高 ,改善患者的异常面容和姿势。     

局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗局限性或节段性肌张力障碍

目的 观察Ａ型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛、眼肌痉挛、Ｍｅｉｇｅ综合征（睑痉挛－口颌肌张力障碍综合征）及痉挛性斜颈的疗效。方法 用Ａ型肉毒毒素对６４例肌张力障碍患者（５１例偏侧面肌痉挛、１０例眼睑痉挛、１例Ｍｅｉｇｅ综合征、２例痉挛性斜颈）行面部肌肉局部多点注射,分析其治疗效果。结果 ５１例偏侧面肌痉挛者,完全缓解２０例（４０％）,明显缓解３０例（５９％）,１例无效;１０例眼睑痉挛者,５例完全缓解,４     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛的护理

眼睑及面肌痉挛是一局部肌张力障碍性常见病。多年来，常用药物、封闭、针灸、埋线、手术等疗法，效果不理想。1973年Scott[1]用A型肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗斜视，取得成功。我科1994年2月至1995年9月，采用A型肉毒杆菌毒素（BTX-A）局部注射治疗42例，效果满意。1临床资料42例中男14例、女28例，年龄8～78岁，平均46岁。眼睑痉挛9例（双眼睑特发性不自主抽动7例，单侧上或下眼睑不自主抽动2例），面肌痉挛33例（左侧23例，右侧8例，双侧2例），表现为眼睑及面部发作性不自主抽动。病程2个月至16年，平均4年6个月。按眼睑及面肌痉挛强度分级…     

A型肉毒毒素治疗Meige综合征的方法及效果分析

目的：探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗Mei ge综合征的方法及疗效。方法：47例患者在肌电图引导下用兼作注射器的针电极进行,在患者肌痉挛部位用A型肉毒毒素肌肉内注射,每点注射量为0.1～0.2ml（含肉毒毒素2.5～5 U）,注射点数为数点～8点。根据Cohen、Albert痉挛强度分级评估疗效。结果：注射后一般3～4天起效,疗效持续3～6个月,复发者重复注射仍有效。治疗后患者肌痉挛强度明显下降,与治疗前比较有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）;症状完全缓解和明显缓解者达89.4%,治疗前后疗效比较有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。不良反应主要有：局部水肿、咬肌无力、眼睑下垂等,一般两周内均能恢复。结论：局部注射A型肉毒毒素治疗Meige综合征为一种安全有效、简便易行的治疗手段。     

注射A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛的护理特点

面肌痉挛是指一侧面部肌肉阵发性、节律性抽搐、痉挛，是神经科较难治的一种疾病。口服药物、针灸、封闭、物理治疗、红外线、射频消融等治疗均难取得良好效果。手术治疗创伤明显。笔者采用A型肉毒毒素（BTXA）局部注射治疗，临床效果较显著。现将其治疗方法及护理措施报告如下。     

应用A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛

目的：应用国产A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛55例并观察其远期疗效、并发症,提出治疗时的注意事项。方法：根据注射的肌肉大小决定注射点及每点的注射剂量,肌肉震颤最明显处。每注射点的肉毒毒素注射量约在15U左右,一次注射的总量一般控制在130U。首次注射后2周后复查,若痉挛未完全控制,可追加注射1次,方法相同,但注射量应减半。结果：55例患者首次注射后完全缓解38例,占69%,部分缓解17例,占31%,对部分缓解的患者10天后追加注射1次,疗效基本满意。所有患者均未出现全身及局部副作用。结论：该注射方法简单,安全无痛苦,毒副作用小,疗效佳,应当是目前治疗面肌痉挛较好的方法,尤其适合基层单位应用推广。     

A型肉毒毒素注射治疗咬肌肥厚对面型的影响

目的 客观评价A型肉毒毒素注射治疗咬肌肥厚对面型的影响.方法 选择正面观用力咬(牙合)时能看到双侧咬肌区体积变化的患者,进行咬肌内多点注射,每侧注射A型肉毒毒素30～50 U,然后观察面部外形变化及患者满意度,并于治疗前和治疗后2～3个月,拍摄面部正位照片,在照片上测量形态面高(FH)、面中部宽度(FWz)和面下部宽度(FWg),根据测量值计算并分析面指数FH/FWz和FWg/FWz在治疗前后的变化.结果 本组共32例患者,在接受注射治疗后的2～4周咬肌区体积开始缩小,面型改善,效果最明显出现在注射后2～3个月,所有患者对治疗后所产生的效果均满意.FH/FWz在治疗前后的值分别是0.8309±0.0423,0.8331±0.0382;FWg/FWz在治疗前后的值分别是0.8281±0.0209,0.7925±0.0206(P＜0.01).结论 A型肉毒毒素注射治疗咬肌肥厚可降低面指数FWg/FWz,对面型有改善作用.     

A型肉毒毒素注射治疗头痛的临床观察

目的观察A型肉毒毒素注射治疗头痛的效果。方法头痛病人20例,随机分为三组注射A型肉毒毒素。Ⅰ组,双侧皱眉肌每点注射25U;Ⅱ组,双侧皱眉肌和双额肌每点注射10U;Ⅲ组,除了双侧皱眉肌和额肌外,在降眉肌、颞肌、枕肌、头顶帽状腱膜或颈椎旁的明显压痛点注射5～10U,总量不超过100U。3个月后疼痛复发者可重复注射。结果治疗后第7天,三组的头痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)由治疗前7.2、7.1和7.3分降至2.8、2.3和2.5分,头痛程度比治疗前分别降低了67.5%、68.1%和68.8%,组间差异无显著意义。头痛发作次数由治疗前平均每周12.7、13.1和11.9次减少至5.0、4.9和4.7次,分别降低了60.6%、62.2%和60.5%;服用原镇痛药片由治疗前每周平均14.2、13.8和13.6片,分别减少至5.6、5.7和4.9片,比治疗前降低了60.5%、58.1%和63.9%;疗效维持是3.8、3.6和4.0个月;病人满意度分别为2.2、2.1和2.0分。Ⅲ组有1例感觉抬头乏力,2周后渐恢复。结论A型肉毒毒素注射可有效减轻头痛,但不同注射点和剂量对临床效果无明显影响。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛53例临床观察

目的：研究分析A型肉毒毒素对面肌痉挛的临床治疗安全性和可行性,分析长期重复治疗面肌痉挛是否可行。方法：选择2009年9月～2012年5月我院收治的面肌痉挛患者53例为临床研究对象,其中首次治疗患者28例,重复治疗患者25例,对两组患者进行跟踪随访。观察比较两组患者疗效、疗效持续时间及不良反应。结果：重复治疗组患者的总有效率为100％,疗效持续时间为（4．98±1．05）月,患者发生不良反应6例,与首次治疗组患者的治疗效果无明显变化,组间比较,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。结论：使用A型肉毒毒素对面积痉挛进行治疗可以进行重复治疗,不会影响患者的治疗效果,且不会增加不良反应的发生,安全性较高。     

Local injection of botulinum toxin type A for hemifacial spasm

The preliminary experience of botulinum toxin treatment for hemifacial spasm is reported in this study. Five patients were treated with 10 injections of botulinum toxin in total. Botulinum toxin had a good to excellent effect in all cases. Improvement was observed 2 weeks to 1 month after the injection. The duration of improvement was 0-9 months (mean 4.2 months). The peak rank tended to decrease and the duration of improvement increased after several treatments. Hemifacial spasm caused by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery tended to subside easily. In contrast, compression by the vertebral artery was more refractory. Continuous facial spasm caused by operative trauma subsided after the injection, but paroxysmal spasm still occurred when eating or laughing. Spasm caused by trauma disappeared 4.5 months after the injection. The complications, which were facial nerve paresis in two cases (3 injections, 30%) and diplopia in one case (1 injection, 10%), were transient and subsided in 2 weeks.     

A型肉毒毒素注射治疗腋臭的研究进展

腋臭俗称"狐臭",是临床上的一种常见病,好发于中青年,18～50岁为高发人群,虽然不影响健康,但对患者的日常生活和社会交往产生较大影响,严重者甚至会造成心理疾病。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗挛缩性瘢痕

目的 探索A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BTXA)治疗挛缩性瘢痕的疗效.方法 选取26例挛缩性瘢痕患者,随机分为A型肉毒毒素组(BTXA组)和曲安奈德组(TAC组,对照组),注射药物治疗前测量各组患者瘢痕长轴长度,并于注射后再次测量其长度,1次/月,共6次,通过比较治疗前后差值评价药物疗效.切取各组瘢痕组织行免疫组织化学检测,观察α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及肌球蛋白-Ⅱ的表达情况.结果 药物作用1个月后,BTXA组较TAC组瘢痕挛缩程度明显减轻(P＜0.05),尤以6个月时差异最明显,BTXA组和TAC组瘢痕长轴长度差值分别为(1.23±0.42) cm和(0.56±0.33) cm.免疫组织化学结果显示,BTXA组瘢痕内α-SMA及肌球蛋白-Ⅱ表达较TAC组明显减少(P＜0.05).结论 A型肉毒毒素治疗挛缩性瘢痕操作简单、效果明显,值得推广应用.     

A型肉毒毒素注射治疗单纯性小腿腓肠肌肥大

目的研究A型肉毒毒素注射治疗单纯性小腿腓肠肌肥大的安全性和有效性。方法本组共123例患者接受腓肠肌内侧头和外侧头A型肉毒毒素注射,30～33点／侧。采用生理盐水稀释A型肉毒毒素,剂量为100u／侧,每点注射0．5m1。分别在注射前和注射后测量并记录小腿中段周径,直至1年,照相记录治疗效果。结果所有患者对注射疼痛均可以接受;注射后对正常行走、上下楼梯等无任何影响;注射后1个月内,跑步和踮脚站立明显受限,无其他不适及不良反应发生。在患者体质量无明显波动的情况下,注射后2周即出现小腿周径减小,至1个月时肉眼可见有显著改变。治疗前小腿周径为（37．0±2．63）cm;注射后2周为（36．5±2．75）cm;注射后1个月为（36．1±2．91）em。效果维持6～8个月。结论A型肉毒毒素注射是治疗单纯性小腿腓肠肌肥大的安全有效方法。     

大剂量A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗腋部多汗症

目的 探讨大剂量肉毒毒素治疗腋部多汗症的长期疗效和重复治疗的疗效.方法 92例患者随机分为两组:小剂量组为每侧腋部皮内注射生理盐水稀释的A型肉毒毒素50U;大剂量组为每侧腋部皮内注射生理盐水稀释的A型肉毒毒素200U;随访3～29个月,观察两组并发症,并建立两组等级资料,经χ2 检验,评价两组患者疗效差异.结果 两组疗效进行对照分析,经过统计学处理分析,认为对于腋部多汗症的患者,小剂量与大剂量的BTXA治疗方法的疗效间隔时间,差异有统计学意义.结论 大剂量A型肉毒毒素能够显著延长腋部多汗症复发间隔时间.     

GaAs laser treatment of bilateral eyelid ptosis due to complication of botulinum toxin type A injection

The widespread use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for aesthetic procedures in recent years has brought about some unwanted side effects that, though they are self-limited, cause inconvenience for patients. Injection of this paralytic toxin inactivates target muscle(s) for many months and unwanted facial movements will thus be prevented. Spreading of the toxin beyond the target muscles sometimes involves muscles necessary for other facial movements, such as the levator palpebrae, inactivation of which causes upper eyelid ptosis. Mild cases resolve after 2-3 wk, but in severe cases the complication may last as long as the cosmetic results persist (3-4 mo), and until now there has been no medical intervention to accelerate healing. In an effort to achieve more rapid recovery from eyelid ptosis due to overdose of BTX-A in the glabella, laser therapy was used in a 46-year-old woman with bilateral eyelid ptosis (partial on the right side and complete on the left) 12 d after injection. A GaAs laser was used and the protocol consisted of irradiation of three points on the upper lid just above the levator, and one point on the corrugator muscle on each side in contact mode, with three sessions per week (wavelength 890 nm, peak power 94 W, output power 28 mW, pulse duration 200 ns, spot size 3 mm, pulse repetition rate 3000 Hz, duration of irradiation 40 sec per point, energy per point 1.1 J, total energy per session 8.8 J, dose 16 J/cm2). The result was complete recovery from ptosis after 10 sessions, but the cosmetic results persisted for several months. It appears that if this procedure has similar results in other case series, it will be an effective therapeutic option to treat this complication.     

Transient erectile dysfunction associated with intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction occurs rarely after botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) intramuscular injections. We report a case of a 23-year-old man with spastic diplegia who had transient erectile dysfunction after intramuscular injection of BTX-A (total dosage, 300 IU, body weight 95 kg) in both hamstring muscles. Some investigators believe that the local spread of the toxin is responsible for autonomic dysfunction, while others believe that the transportation of the toxin to the spinal cord via retrograde flow or via the blood flow after entering the circulation are possible mechanisms of neurologic side effects. On the basis of our case, a retrograde axoplasmic flow to the spinal cord could probably occur because the spinal cord level of hamstring muscles is close to spinal cord levels responsible for erection control.     

Complications of botulinum toxin type A

Introduced over 30 years ago for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) now has established uses for various therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Although remarkably safe and effective, BTX-A is a potent toxin. Complications can occur, particularly when used by the inexperienced injectors. Through knowledge of its mechanism of action and effect and careful attention to dosing and technique can minimize the risk of more serious adverse events.     

Pittsburgh experience with botulinum toxin A injection

We report one institution's six-year experience using botulinum toxin A (BONT-A) in the bladder and urethra in 110 patients for a variety of lower urinary tract dysfunction. 110 patients (age 19-82) were injected with BONT-A into the bladder (n=42) or urethra (n=68), 35 M, 75 F. Voiding dysfunction included: neurogenic detrusor overactivity and/or detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, overactive bladder (OAB), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), bladder neck obstruction (BNO) and interstitial cystitis (IC). Currently, 27 patients have undergone further injections (up to 6) at intervals > 6 months. All the patients with bladder BONT-A injection had preoperative evidence of involuntary detrusor contractions during urodynamic testing. Analysis of the 110 patients indicates that 67.3% reported a decrease or absence of incontinence. Diaries indicate a decrease in both day and night voiding symptoms. Efficacy occurred within 7 days and lasted for at least 6 months. Condition specific QOL symptom scores also demonstrated improvement. There have been no long-term complications. Two MS women with mild baseline stress urinary incontinence reported increased leakage with stress after BONT-A external sphincter injection. One MS woman who had a bladder injection had an increased residual urine from 78 to 155 ml. She did not have to perform intermittent catheterization. BONT-A injection is a safe and promising treatment modality for a variety of lower urinary tract dysfunctions for both skeletal and smooth muscle dysfunction. In our series, BONT-A is equally effective in women as it is in men. Bladder injections with BONT-A are effective for not only neurogenic detrusor overactivity but also overactive bladder. BONT-A can even be considered for IC.