农村基层防保服务落实难点分析

本文通过对农村居民的问卷调查，了解农村居民对防保服务的认知及实际利用情况，并与防保服务供方的判断进行比较，以探讨基层防保工作难以落实到位的主要原因。结果显示农村居民的防保意识较强。对于防保服务的认知水平较高，但其支付意愿相对较低。造成该现象的原因主要是由于我省经济比较落后。农村居民的支付能力还相对有限。且基层防保机构并没有按照居民的实际需要提供足够的防保服务，使得农村居民对其的可利用度受到很大程度的限制。     

农村居民对医疗和防保服务认知、支付意愿及利用分析

该文分析了农村居民对医疗和防保服务的认知、支付意愿和卫生服务的实际利用,并对农村居民与卫生服务提供者之间的差距进行了比较.结果提示农村居民对健康和防保意识较强,对医疗和防保服务的支付意愿也较高,与供方的判断存在较大的差距.由于供方提供不足,农村居民对某些防保服务的利用较少.供方没有根据居民的实际需要提供适宜的服务和知识,而居民的健康和防保意识不是防保功能不能落实的主要原因.     

上海市某区镇卫生院防保人员结构及意向调查

基层防保人员是预防保健网的中间层和中坚力量,是连接区级疾病预防机构和村卫生室的桥梁,起着承上启下的作用,是向城镇和农村居民提供基本卫生服务的主体,是各项预防保健工作的任务落实到基层的组织保证.他们的工作质量直接影响着预防保健事业的发展.为了解现在镇级防保人员的结构状况和防保人员(包括负责防保的专职医生)对目前防保工作的看法、防保工作存在的问题和未来的发展方向,为卫生行政部门的决策提供参考依据,我们于2001年9月1日至10月31日进行了本调查.     

基本公共卫生服务均等化需方认知障碍及利用情况调查

目的调查居民对基本公共卫生服务均等化的认知与服务利用情况及存在的问题。方法采取多阶段随机抽样的方法对城乡居民进行问卷调查,利用均数、百分比进行描述,χ2检验进行比较分析。结果居民对于基本公共卫生服务均等化的知晓程度较低,其中对于基本公共卫生服务项目的了解程度为53.6%;对于具体服务项目的实际利用率较高。结论城乡居民对基本公共卫生服务均等化认知方面还存在问题;农村居民基本公共卫生服务知晓与利用情况好于城市居民;特定人群的公共卫生服务知晓率与利用率较高;应增强媒体传播能力,提升居民关注度,确保基本公共卫生服务均等化政策的实施效果。     

农村基层医疗卫生机构视力检查服务提供与利用

目的:分析农村基层医疗卫生机构视力检查服务的可及性对居民视力检查服务利用的影响。方法:利用医疗卫生机构和农户调查数据,采用描述统计和多元回归分析。结果:样本中33.2%的居民自报告视力不良,22.1%的居民曾做过视力检查,86%样本乡镇的卫生院和44%样本村的村卫生室可以提供视力检查服务;回归结果显示,乡镇卫生院提供视力检查服务将显著增加居民进行视力检查的可能性,但村卫生室是否提供视力检查服务对居民视力检查的利用没有显著影响。结论:农村居民对视力检查服务需求很大,但是利用率低。基层医疗卫生机构服务供给不足可能是导致农村居民服务利用率低的重要因素。建议国家继续推进基本公共卫生服务,加强基层医疗卫生服务机构开展基本视力检查的能力,促进农村居民对视力检查服务的利用,改善农村居民视力健康水平。     

哈密市西河社区卫生服务需求与利用分析

近10年来,城市社区卫生服务组织和网络体系基本形成.在社区预防、保健、健康教育等方面取得了一定的成效[1].为使社区卫生服务能够满足居民的健康需要,必须了解社区内的服务状况、需求及存在问题,从而采用必要的手段[2].本文对新疆哈密市西河区街道办事处社区卫生服务中心居民进行了调查.旨在了解居民对社区卫生服务机构的认知情况及满意度等,为改善社区卫生服务质量提供参考依据.     

江苏省城乡居民健康状况及卫生服务利用分析

目的:了解江苏省城乡居民的健康状况和卫生服务利用现状。方法:数据来源于第五次国家卫生服务调查江苏省调查资料中的家庭健康询问调查数据。采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,抽取江苏省18个县(市、区),对36 381名城乡居民进行问卷调查,内容包括调查对象人口学特征、自评健康状况以及卫生服务利用现状。结果:城市地区的居民健康自评状况稍好于农村居民。城市居民两周患病率、慢性病患病率和年住院率均高于农村居民,其中城市地区3个指标分别为19.90%、40.66%和8.93%,农村地区分别为17.50%、29.49%和8.23%。而农村居民的两周就诊率为12.30%,高于城市居民的10.60%。城乡居民在两周首诊机构和住院机构的选择差异具有统计学意义。结论:江苏省城乡居民的健康状况有所改善,农村居民两周就诊率高于城市,居民对卫生服务的利用更倾向于基层机构,城乡住院服务机构的病人流向变化存在差异。建议实施区域卫生规划,根据城乡地区的实际情况合理配置卫生资源,提高城市居民卫生资源利用效率。     

江苏省城乡基层预防保健组织的调查

<正> 城乡基层预防保健组织是搞好预防保健(下简称防保)工作,实现2000年人人享有卫生保健的关键。为了研究基层防保组织建设和发展的途径,我们对部分防保组织的情况进行了调查研究。一、调查范围、对象、内容和方法1.范围、对象:常州、无锡、盐城市,共抽查了14个街道卫生所和19个乡卫生院。2.内容:包括机构体制、任务、人员、经     

舟山海岛基层预防保健人力资源现况分析

目的:为了了解和掌握舟山市基层预防保健机构的人力资源,为进一步合理配置和开发利用基层防保机构人力资源提供科学依据。方法:对舟山市各级镇(街道)预防保健机构人力资源现况进行调查和分析。结果:全市共有51个基层防保机构,防保人员91人,平均每人服务人口数1.07万。人员中中专及以下学历占83.52%,职称为医士占67.03%,无职称7.69%。所学专业中,公共卫生专业只占17.58%。结论:基层防保队伍数量不足,专业结构不合理,人员素质亟待提高。     

乡村医生签约服务对江苏省大丰区农村居民健康素养影响

对象了解签约服务实施后,农村居民健康素养水平的变化,分析乡村医生签约服务对农村居民健康素养的影响。方法采用农村居民健康素养调查问卷于2015年3月对江苏省开展签约服务地区的2 240名常住人口进行问卷调查,对不同人口和社会学特征人群的健康素养总得分及各纬度得分进行t检验和非参数检验分析。结果有效调查2 207人,签约居民健康素养总得分高于未签约居民,其中,签约居民的健康素养平均得分为(72.33±10.10)分,未签约居民为(71.41±10.67)分;签约居民健康知识与理念、健康行为得分高于未签约居民,其中,签约居民健康知识与理念得分为(42.27±6.56)分,未签约居民为(41.64±7.08)分,签约居民健康行为得分为(13.80±2.93)分,未签约居民为(13.38±2.87)分;签约居民健康技能得分低于未签约居民,其中,签约居民为(16.25±3.84)分,未签约居民为(16.39±3.96)分;签约居民中小学及以下学历[(72.45±2.95)分]、月收入水平2 000元及以下居民[(71.03±5.46)分]得分偏低;未签约居民中离异居民健康素养得分较高[(74.67±2.88)分]。结论乡村医生签约服务有利于提升农村居民健康素养水平。建议开展更多旨在提高农村居民健康技能的活动,增加农村居民对乡村医生签约服务的利用。     

The Role of Federally Funded Health Centers in Serving the Rural Population

CONTEXT: Federally funded health centers attempt to improve rural health by reducing and eliminating access barriers to primary care services. PURPOSE: This study compares rural health center patients with people in the general rural population for indicators of access to preventive services and health outcomes. METHODS: Data from the annual reporting system for federally funded health centers, the 1999 Uniform Data System, and published national census data were used to provide sociodemographic comparisons. Selected health status indicators, preventive services utilization, and health outcomes were obtained from a survey of health center patients, and the results were compared with the National Health Interview Survey and National Vital Statistics. FINDINGS: Unlike the nation's rural population, the majority of rural health center patients are of minority race/ethnicity, live at or below poverty, and are either uninsured or on Medicaid. Despite having higher prevalence of traditional access barriers than the general rural population, rural health center patients are significantly more likely to receive certain preventive services and also to experience lower rates of low birthweight, particularly for African American infants. However, rural health center patients are not more likely to have received influenza vaccination or up-to-date mammogram screening. CONCLUSIONS: Health centers provide access to essential preventive care for many of the most vulnerable rural residents. A national strategy to expand the rural health center network will likely help to ensure improved health for the considerable proportion of rural residents who still lack access to appropriate services.     

Are rural residents less likely to obtain recommended preventive healthcare services?

BACKGROUND: This study examined rural-urban differences in utilization of preventive healthcare services and assessed the impact of rural residence, demographic factors, health insurance status, and health system characteristics on the likelihood of obtaining each service. METHODS: National data from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the 1999 Area Resource File were used to evaluate the adequacy of preventive services obtained by rural and urban women and men, using three sets of nationally accepted preventive services guidelines from the American Cancer Society, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, and Healthy People 2010. Logistic regression models were developed to control for the effect of demographic factors, health insurance status, and health system characteristics. RESULTS: Rural residents are less likely than urban residents to obtain certain preventive health services and are further behind urban residents in meeting Healthy People 2010 objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase rural preventive services utilization need to build on federal, state, and community-based initiatives and to recognize the special challenges that rural areas present.     

Rural, Urban and Suburban Comparisons of Preventive Services in Family Practice Clinics

Numerous studies have compared health services provided in rural and urban areas, and overall they have found that utilization is lower in rural areas. A significant factor in lower utilization is that rural residents have less access to health services. Much less is known about rural and urban utilization differences once a patient has access to a service provider. This paper focuses on preventive services received when a patient is already in a clinic. Using data from an in-depth qualitative study of 16 family practice clinics in Nebraska, comparisons of physician-specific preventive service rates are made across three geographic categories: rural, urban and suburban. Results from a one-way multivariate analysis of variance show that preventive services rates for nine services examined were as high or higher in rural areas, suggesting that rural health services do not lag for patients with access.     

新型农村合作医疗改善卫生服务公平性效果评价

文章利用陕西省第四次国家卫生服务入户调查数据,以特征分数配比法匹配后的新型农村合作医疗参保和未参保居民为研究对象,采用集中指数法和集中指数分解法分析了新型农村合作医疗对卫生服务利用公平性的影响效果。结果显示,新型农村合作医疗提高了农村居民住院服务利用公平性,但同时也扩大了低收入居民和高收入居民门诊服务利用的差距。建议新型农村合作医疗对门诊和住院服务均实施按一定比例报销的补偿模式。     

Access to Care for Rural Medicare Beneficiaries

This paper examines variations between urban and rural Medicare beneficiaries in three measures of access to care: self-reported access to care, satisfaction with care received and use of services. The assessment focuses on these measures and their relationship to adjacency to metropolitan areas. Comparisons are also provided for the relative effects of adjacency versus broader access barriers such as income. Data from the 1993 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey are used. The analyses offer several new perspectives on access in rural areas. First, as perceived by respondents, rural residence does not indicate access problems; instead, Medicare beneficiaries in rural counties that are adjacent to urban areas and that have their own city of at least 10,000 people report higher levels of satisfaction and fewer self-reported access problems than do residents of urban counties. These results may stem either from differences in rural residents' expectations regarding access or willingness to accept appropriate substitutions. Preventive vaccination rates in rural areas are on par with or better than rates by beneficiaries in urban areas. The only services where utilization in rural areas was limited relative to urban areas were preventive cancer screening for women and dental care. Development of policies to address these specific service gaps may be warranted. Low income has a more pervasive and problematic relationship to self-reported access, satisfaction and utilization than does rural residence per se.     

河北省城乡居民卫生服务需求与利用趋势分析与对策

目的:了解河北省城乡居民的卫生服务需求与利用情况,为制定政策提供依据。方法:采取多级分层整群随机抽样,确定5 998户的20 529名常住居民作为调查对象,用统一的调查表进行询问调查。结果:调查人群的两周患病率为18.75%,城市高于农村,与1993年相比有上升趋势;慢性病患病率为16.9%,城市高于农村,与1998年相比有上升趋势;两周就诊率为14.32%,比1993年明显下降,两周未就诊率为57.60%。居民住院率为2.56%,与1993年相比有下降趋势。结论:城乡居民的卫生服务需要量呈上升趋势,卫生服务的需求量及利用率呈下降趋势。应采取有效措施,提高卫生服务利用率。     

农村中老年群体心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

[目的]了解山西农村中老年人群心理健康状况及其影响因素。[方法]采用分层随机抽样方法抽取样本,利用自制问卷和K 10量表对其心理健康状况进行访谈式调查。[结果]（1）共调查山西太谷县30岁及以上农村居民400人,其K10分值总体分布为21.94±6.63,52.5%的农村中老年人心理健康状况相对较差（Kessler 10量表评分在22分～50分）;（2）分析结果显示,性别、文化程度、职业、健康状况、睡眠质量、家庭收入、预防保健意识等因素是该地K10高分的影响因素。[结论]当地超过1/5的农村居民心理健康状况高于临界值,关注与加强农村居民心理健康的教育问题刻不容缓。