肠粘连松解术在腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术中应用的研究

目的 研究肠粘连松解术在腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术中的应用及临床意义.方法 2007年10月至2008年12月术中腹腔镜直视下发现的168例伴有下腹部肠粘连患者,将168例患者随机分为两组,A组75例行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术,B组93例行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术+肠粘连松解术.患者术前均经B超证实为精索静脉曲张(VC).术前记录患者精索静脉曲张程度,并记录患者下腹疼痛、阴囊坠胀及阴囊潮湿等症状.术中腹腔镜直视下记录患者腹腔肠粘连情况.术后1、3、6个月分别随访1次,观察患者相应症状改善情况.结果 A、B两组共168例患者均顺利完成手术.术后2～3天出院,无手术并发症发生.术后第1、3、6个月随访,A、B两组在阴囊坠胀不适,睾丸疼痛、阴囊潮湿等症状的消除缓解上均有明显改善,两组无明显差异;在下腹疼痛、坠胀不适等症状的缓解消除上,两组有明显差异,B组明显优于A组.结论 对于VC患者,如合并下腹疼痛、坠胀不适等症状,应考虑同时存在肠粘连的可能.行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术时,应同时行肠粘连松解术,这对于下腹疼痛、坠胀不适等症状的缓解和消除有明显效果.     

腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效观察

目的观察腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析对精索静脉曲张45例患者采用腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗的临床资料。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～60 min,平均40 min。术后左阴囊气肿2例,反应性睾丸鞘膜积液1例,阴囊坠胀不适感2例,均未做任何处理,2 d内自行消退。所有患者精索静脉曲张症状均消失或明显改善,无复发和睾丸萎缩。结论腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张创伤小、复发率低,必将彻底代替传统的开放性手术。     

腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术45例

精索静脉曲张是泌尿外科的常见病、多发病,主要以不育、阴囊坠胀不适就诊.手术疗效确切.我科自2007年6月至2010年12月采用腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张45例,现报告如下.     

经脐单孔双通道腹腔镜下丝线法精索静脉高位结扎术(附65例报告)

目的:探讨经脐单孔双通道腹腔镜下丝线法精索静脉高位结扎术的临床疗效与手术技巧。方法:回顾分析原发性精索静脉曲张65例患者的临床资料。患者16~65岁,平均(22.0±3.8)岁。入组标准为中重度精索静脉曲张、阴囊坠胀不适或疼痛症状明显、不育,排除继发性病因。行经脐单孔双通道腹腔镜下丝线法精索静脉高位结扎术。结果:65例手术均顺利完成,手术时间15~45 min,平均(20.0±3.5)min;术中出血量1~10 ml,平均(3.0±1.2)ml;无严重并发症发生。术后患者均获随访,随访3~15个月,临床症状缓解或消失,精液质量明显提高。无睾丸萎缩、术后复发。结论:经脐单孔双通道腹腔镜下丝线法精索静脉高位结扎术安全、有效、美观、费用低。     

腹腔镜下保留精索淋巴管技术治疗青少年精索静脉曲张

目的探讨腹腔镜下保留淋巴管技术治疗青少年精索静脉曲张的效果。方法 2015年1月～2016年9月,我院收治青少年Ⅲ度原发性精索静脉曲张12例,年龄11～14岁,平均12.5岁,均为左侧。患侧睾丸明显小于健侧,其中4例运动后阴囊有明显坠胀不适。术中睾丸鞘膜注射1%亚甲蓝,腹腔镜下保留精索淋巴管行选择性精索静脉高位结扎术。观察术后鞘膜积液、睾丸萎缩、复发等情况。结果 12例睾丸鞘膜内注射亚甲蓝后均在腹腔镜下观察到蓝染的精索淋巴管,行保留淋巴管的选择性精索静脉高位结扎术,手术时间36～50 min,平均45 min。术后随访8～18个月,中位数12个月,术后患侧未出现鞘膜积液、精索静脉曲张复发、睾丸坏死萎缩等并发症。结论腹腔镜下保留精索淋巴管的选择性精索静脉高位结扎术效果良好。     

腹腔镜下保留精索内动脉的精索静脉高位结扎术700例总结报告

目的评价腹腔镜保留精索内动脉的精索静脉高位结扎术的效果及价值。方法回顾分析自2007年1月至2014年1月在我科室应用钛夹、超声刀、丝线结扎等不同方式行腹腔镜下保留精索内动脉的精索静脉高位结扎术患者700例的临床资料,探讨腹腔镜下保留精索内动脉的精索静脉高位结扎术的安全性及有效性,并对治疗效果、并发症及手术经验等进行总结分析。结果 700例精索静脉曲张患者,年龄16~46岁(平均27岁);其中单侧精索静脉曲张患者482例,双侧精索静脉曲张患者218例,均采用腹腔镜行双侧精索静脉高位结扎术,术中均分离并保留双侧精索内动脉。其中钛夹组患者150例,超声刀组患者200例,丝线结扎组患者350例。手术时间30分钟~60分钟,平均手术时间43分钟;住院时间3~5天。术后患者均取得较满意治疗效果,阴囊坠胀不适感明显改善,不育患者复查精液显示精子质量较术前明显提高。术中出现皮下气肿患者18例,术后出现睾丸鞘膜积液者12例,睾丸炎者8例,术后复发者5例,均经保守治疗或二次手术后治愈。无输精管损伤、睾丸萎缩病例发生。结论腹腔镜保留精索内动脉的精索静脉高位结扎术能更大限度保留睾丸血供,具有简便、微创、并发症少、效果可靠、术后恢复快等的优点,尤其适用于双侧精索静脉曲张、具有腹股沟区手术史、术后复发等患者,是治疗精索静脉曲张的有价值的方法,可作为手术治疗的首选方式。     

腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术

我院自2000年11月以来采用腹腔镜技术对3例精索静脉曲张患者行精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗,其疗效满意,现报告如下。 资料与方法 本组3例患者均为左侧精索静脉曲张,1例17岁,学生,1例21岁,工人,此两例均因左阴囊坠胀不适,行走或活动后加重而就诊。     

腹腔镜和显微镜下精索静脉高位结扎术的疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜和显微镜下治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效。方法:将82例精索静脉曲张患者分成两组,44例行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术(腹腔镜组),38例显微镜下行精索静脉高位结扎术(显微镜组)。对比两组患者术后间精液质量、并发症、手术所用时间、术后恢复时间及住院费用。结果:两组术后精液质量、促滤泡成熟激素(FSH)、睾酮及抑制素B比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后阴囊水肿、保留精索内动脉、手术平均时间、平均住院时间、平均住院费用比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:从安全性及经济性方面考虑,显微镜下行精索静脉高位结扎术明显优于腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜下淋巴管保留在精索静脉高位结扎术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下保留淋巴管的精索静脉高位结扎术对术后并发症及对精液质量参数的影响.方法 自2009年5月至2013年7月,大朗医院对120例临床诊断明确为精索静脉曲张的患者随机分两组,A组60例行未保留淋巴管的精索静脉高位结扎术,B组60例行保留淋巴管的精索静脉高位结扎术.术后两组患者均随访12个月.结果 B组5例因术中染色不明显排除出组.术后睾丸鞘膜积液在A组出现8例（13.33％,8/60）,B组出现1例（1.81％,1/55）.阴囊疼痛在A组出现12例（20％）,B组出现3例（5.45％）.术后12个月精液异常在A组中31例（51.67％）得到明显改善,B组中有46例（83.64％）得到明显改善.两组差异均具有统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜下保留淋巴管的精索静脉曲张高位结扎术能够有效防止术后睾丸鞘膜积液、阴囊疼痛等并发症的发生,同时可以明显改善精液质量参数.     

腹腔镜保留睾丸动脉精索静脉高位结扎术对睾丸生精功能的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜下精索内静脉高位结扎同时保留睾丸动脉治疗精索静脉曲张的应用价值.方法 选取156例精索静脉曲张患者,随机分成A、B两组:A组采用腹腔镜下保留睾丸动脉精索静脉高位结扎术,B组采用传统的Palomo术式.比较两组手术前后精液质量参数变化、术后并发症的发生率.结果 A组的手术时间为(32.24士8.35)min,明显短于B组(36.45士9.14)min (P＜0.05),术后阴囊水肿(2.67％)、附睾炎(4％)、睾丸萎缩率(2.67％)明显低于B组(P＜0.05),住院时间、术后复发率比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后精子计数[(43.00±4.3)×106]、精子活率[(65.00±4.55)％]明显高于B组[(37.20士5.45)×106]、[(53.34±6.73)％](P＜0.05),精子密度、精子活力分级比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 保留睾丸动脉腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术能够明显提高术后精液参数质量,降低阴囊水肿、附睾炎、睾丸萎缩的发生率.     

腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝脏外科中的应用进展

腹腔镜超声(LUS)可弥补腹腔镜手术的缺陷,有助于提高手术的精准性。利用LUS可对肝脏恶性肿瘤进行准确地临床分期,有助于降低术后复发率和避免不必要的剖腹探查术,LUS引导的射频消融为肝癌晚期患者提供了更有价值的治疗手段。带有彩色多普勒功能的探头可精准显示肝中静脉位置及走行,以此为标准的半肝切除术更加精准,提高了手术的安全性。随着3DLUS的出现及发展,术中3D超声"实时导航"给术者提供了更多的手术相关信息。本文就LUS在肝脏外科中的临床应用和最新进展进行综述。     

Advanced laparoscopic skills acquisition: the case of laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Acquisition of advanced technical skills requires commitment, time, patience, and discipline (eg, the 10-year rule). Dabbling is not a recipe for success. Despite the value of all other teaching methods, guided practice with feedback is essential to develop the high level of visuospatial perceptual ability (observation and performance with feedback) that is necessary for advanced MIS. The necessary ingredients to skill acquisition for advanced MIS procedures (laparoscopic colorectal surgery) for a practicing surgeon include introduction through short courses, access to skill stations, and access to preceptorship or mini-sabbatical. For residents in training, there is no better alternative than an MIS fellowship. In an ideal world where there are enough trainers, the residency environment should provide this training. Comprehensive strategies of knowledge transfer for practicing surgeons should be designed with the input of experts in knowledge transfer.     

Advanced laparoscopic skills decrease the learning curve for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Background The reported learning curve for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is 20–100 cases. Our aim was to investigate whether advanced laparoscopic skills could decrease the learning curve for LRYGB with regard to major morbidity. Methods The senior author performed all operations in this series. His training included a laparoscopic fellowship without bariatric surgery, six years in surgical practice focusing on upper abdominal laparoscopic surgery, two courses on bariatric surgery at national meetings, one week of observing a bariatric program, and two mentored LRGBY cases. A comprehensive obesity program was put in place before the program began. Data were collected prospectively and reviewed at the series’ end. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation and standard statistical analysis was applied. Results Between December 2003 and February 2005, 107 LRYGB operations were performed. Mean operative time decreased significantly with experience (p < 0.0001) and was 154 ± 29, 132 ± 40, 127 ± 29, and 114 ± 30 min by quartile. Mean length of stay was 2.9 ± 1.6 days. Mean excess weight loss was 45.3% (n = 41) at six months. There were no conversions to an open procedure, no anastomotic leaks, no pulmonary embolisms, and no bowel obstructions. The five major complications (3 in the first 50 and 2 in the last 57 cases, p = NS) were two cases of biliopancreatic limb obstruction, two cases of significant gastrointestinal bleeding from anastomotic ulcer, and one case of gastric volvulus of the remnant stomach. Conclusions A bariatric fellowship and/or extended mentoring are not required to safely initiate a bariatric program for surgeons with advanced laparoscopic skills. Operative time decreases significantly with experience, but morbidity and mortality remain low even early in the learning curve. A comprehensive obesity program seems necessary for success. Presented at the Meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Dallas, TX, 26–29 April 2006     

A warm-up laparoscopic exercise improves the subsequent laparoscopic performance of Ob-Gyn residents: a low-cost laparoscopic trainer.

INTRODUCTION: Residents traditionally acquire surgical skills through on-the-job training. Minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques present additional demands to master complex surgical procedures in a remote 2-dimensional venue. We examined the effectiveness of a brief warm-up laparoscopic simulation toward improving operative proficiency. METHODS: Using a "Poor-Man's Laparoscopy Simulator," 12 Ob/Gyn residents and 12 medical students were allocated 10 minutes to transfer 30 tablets with a 5-mm grasper from point A to point B via laparoscopic visualization in a warm-up exercise. Participants repeated the exercise following a 5-minute pause. Mean scores, expressed in seconds/tablet, and overall improvement (percentage difference between warm-up and follow-up) were analyzed according to postgraduate standing (PGY14), dexterity skills, and pertinent vocational activities. RESULTS: Significant improvements were noted for both residents (+25%) and medical students (+29%), P<0.0001. Scores between the 2 groups, however, were not significant (P=0.677). Proficiency was not influenced by PGY standing. Interestingly, the best (8.73 sec/pill) and the worst (25 sec/pill) scores were attained by a medical student and a chief resident, respectively, suggesting the contribution of individual aptitude. CONCLUSION: A brief warm-up exercise before an actual laparoscopic surgical procedure significantly improves subsequent laparoscopic performance.     

腹腔镜肝切除的应用进展

1987年3月,Philip Mouret完成了世界上第一例腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC),由此开创了微创外科蓬勃发展的新纪元.腹腔镜手术具有局部创伤小、全身反应轻及术后恢复快等优势,备受外科医师和病人的青睐.     

腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用价值。方法:用腹腔镜行肝切除术24例,其中肝血管瘤17例,原发性肝癌7例。术中常规应用腹腔镜超声检查了解肿瘤与周围组织的解剖关系,确定肿瘤分期和手术解剖入路。结果:13例行全腹腔镜肝切除术,9例行手助腹腔镜肝切除术。术中超声检查后中转开腹2例。手术平均出血量230ml,术后无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜超声在腹腔镜肝切除术中能够确定肿瘤位置、临床分期并指导手术入路,提高了肝切除术的安全性,减少了手术并发症。     

Combined robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and laparoscopic hemicolectomy

A 60-year-old man with prostatic adenocarcinoma and a synchronous tubulovillous adenomatous polyp of the colon underwent a successful robotic radical prostatectomy combined with a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. We describe the initial report of this combined, minimally invasive procedure involving separate organ systems and surgical disciplines, and describe our technique.     

腹腔镜模拟训练系统用于腹腔镜手术基本技能训练的研究

目的:总结腹腔镜模拟训练系统对不同操作组腹腔镜手术基本技能的提高情况。方法:本科实习生组、研究生无腹腔镜操作经验组、本院进修医师无腹腔镜操作经验组,分别使用腹腔镜模拟训练系统练习镜下夹取黄豆、缝合及器械打结技术,2周后进行统计学分析。结果:操作训练前,本科实习生夹取黄豆、缝合技术及器械打结技术明显不如本院研究生及进修医师(P<0.05),经过2周训练,较简单的技能操作如夹取黄豆和研究生及进修医师无统计学差异(P>0.05),较复杂的技能操作如缝合技术、绕线打结练习训练前、后和本院研究生及进修医师相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但是3组人员训练后与训练前相比,腹腔镜的基本技能操作均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜模拟训练系统能提高腹腔镜手术操作者的基本技能,值得推广。     

Remote evaluation of laparoscopic performance using the global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills

Background

Although numerous assessment tools currently exist to evaluate laparoscopic surgical skills, no studies have demonstrated the reliability of such tools when used with telementoring technology. This study aimed to determine the reliability of the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) rating scale for assessing laparoscopic skills remotely and to identify how factors unique to remote assessment such as bandwidth and image quality influence its reliability.

Methods

Four trained observers evaluated 19 participants for their technical performance during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the GOALS assessment tool. One observer assessed the study participants directly in the operating room, whereas the three remaining observers were randomly assigned and blinded to a high- (1.5 Mbps), medium- (256 kbps), or low- (64.4 kbps) bandwidth restriction and observed remotely via Skype. The Maryland Visual Comfort Scale was used to evaluate the video quality of the respective connections.

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated for the total GOALS score demonstrated a statistically significant correlation of high, medium, and low bandwidths respectively with ICC 0.693 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.226–0.883), 0.518 (95 % CI 0.089–0.783), and 0.499 (95 % CI 0.025–0.781). There was a statistically significant difference in the overall perceived visual quality between the high/low (Z = ?3.222; P = 0.001) and the medium/low (Z = ?3.567; P < 0.001) bandwidth comparison but no difference between the high/medium bandwidths (Z = ?0.610; P = 0.542).

Conclusion

The data suggest that the GOALS assessment tool retains its reliability for intraoperative assessment of laparoscopic skills when used remotely. This is a key requirement in telesimulation programs allowing for structured feedback between the mentor and the mentee. This study quantifies the effect that bandwidth has on the reliability of remote assessment, demonstrating that higher bandwidths improve the utility of these tools.