影响巩膜扣带术视网膜复位及视力恢复因素的临床观察

目的 探讨巩膜扣带术(scleral buckling,SB)治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)的疗效以及影响视网膜解剖复位和视力恢复的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月行sB的RRD患者72例(72只眼).术后随访6-30月,平均(13.96±8.28)月,观察术后视网膜解剖复位率、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)及并发症.Logistic回归用于分析影响视网膜解剖复位和视力恢复的相关危险因素.结果 在眼底镜和B超检测下视网膜首次复位率为90.28%,最终复位率为97.22%;而光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测下的视网膜首次复位率为59.72%,最终复位率为77.78%.术后BCVAI>0.3者为62.5%.C1级PVR和多发性裂孔对视网膜复位率有显著影响(P=0.0183、0.0181 ).术前视力、黄斑脱离与否、黄斑脱离时间及PVR的程度对术后视力恢复的影响有统计学意义(P=0.0235、0.0124、0.0325、0.0357). 术后出现葡萄膜炎占13.89%,视物变形占9.72%,增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreous retinopathy,PVR)进展占6.94%,黄斑皱褶占6.94%,高眼压占4.17%,复视占2.78%.术后前房深度、眼轴长度、屈光度和散光度的变化较术前差异有统计学意义(P=0.0260、<0.0001、0.0005、0.0018).结论 SB治疗RRD有良好的疗效,但C1级PVR和多发性裂孔会显著增加手术失败的风险.术前视力、黄斑脱离状态和脱离时间及PVR的程度是影响术后视力恢复的重要因素;同时,该手术可导致术后前房深度变浅、眼轴延长、屈光度和散光度向负值偏移.     

Juvenile rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To review the clinical features, evaluate visual, and anatomical outcomes and potential complications following surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in juveniles. METHODS: Retrospective, consecutive case series of children and young adults (birth through 18 years) who underwent surgerys for RRD between February 1999 and January 2002. RESULTS: The authors reviewed a consecutive series of 111 eyes of 105 juveniles [86 (77.47%) eyes belonged to male and 25 (22.52%) to female subjects] operated for RRD. The mean age of patients was 13.62 years. Bilateral retinal detachment was present in 12 (10.8%); 51 (46%) patients had some form of bilateral ocular pathology at initial presentation. The two most common aetiologies were non-penetrating trauma (45.04%) and myopia (41.44%). Decreased vision was the most frequent symptom. The mean duration of symptoms was 165.36 days. The commonest retinal break was a retinal hole (34.23%). Late diagnosis was common, evidenced by high frequency of macular detachment (97.29%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (45.94%) at initial presentation. The most commonly performed primary surgery was scleral buckle (61.26%). The average postoperative follow-up after the first procedure was 10 months (range 8-19 months). Final retinal reattachment was accomplished in 78.37% (87/111) with a mean of 1.29 surgeries per eye. Improvement, no change and decline in vision was seen in 50 (48%), 32 (31%) and 22 (21%) eyes respectively. CONCLUSION: Non-penetrating injury and myopia were the most common cause for RRD in juveniles. Fellow eyes commonly had vision-threatening abnormalities. Final anatomical and visual recovery rates were encouraging despite late initial presentation and high rates of macular detachment, and PVR at initial presentation.     

视网膜脱离外路显微手术中色素颗粒进入玻璃体临床观察

目的 观察在视网膜脱离外路显微手术中做视网膜裂孔冷凝或定位时,色素颗粒从裂孔播散入玻璃体腔,对手术效果的影响.方法 回顾性统计分析视网膜脱离外路显微手术中有色素颗粒从裂孔涌人玻璃体腔的连续38例39只眼,均是初发裂孔性视网膜脱离患者,PVR分级为B级以下.平均每只眼裂孔数2.67个.单纯硅压11只眼,硅胶填压联合环扎28只眼.结果 随访至少6个月以上,涌入玻璃体腔内的色素颗粒逐渐减少或消失.一次手术后视网膜脱离复位38只眼(96.7%),1只眼出现新的视网膜裂孔,经玻璃体手术后视网膜复位,最终视网膜脱离复位率为100%.无过度冷凝视网膜表现,没有发生严重PVR病例.结论 视网膜脱离外路显微手术中色素细胞播散进入玻璃体腔不会引起PVR发生或加重,只要裂孔被有效封闭.手术效果良好.     

Intrasilicone oil injection of bevacizumab at the end of retinal reattachment surgery for severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Purpose

To evaluate the role of bevacizumab injected into the silicone oil at the end of retinal reattachment surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) for prevention of postoperative PVR and compare the results with those without intrasilicone injection.

Methods

In this prospective comparative interventional study, eyes with RRD with grade C PVR were included. Standard 20 gauge pars plana vitrectomy, and retinal reattachment was performed. In case group, 1.25 mg bevacizumab was injected into the silicone oil at the end of surgery. The rate of retinal redetachment associated with PVR was assessed.

Results

In all 38 eyes of 38 patients (19 cases and 19 controls) with a mean age of 46.6±18.3 years were studied. The two groups were matched for age, sex, preoperative visual acuity, presence of anterior and posterior PVR, extent of PVR, and history of previous retinal detachment surgery. Retinal redetachment with PVR occurred in nine (47.3%) and seven (36.8%) eyes in case and control groups, respectively (P=0.5). Extensive subretinal fibrous proliferations in addition to preretinal membranes occurred more in the case group (55.5 vs 14.3%). At final visit, visual acuity was similar between the two groups (1.6±0.8 and 1.6±0.6, respectively, P=0.9).

Conclusion

Intrasilicone injection of bevacizumab at the end of vitrectomy for RRD with severe PVR does not eliminate the risk of postoperative PVR.     

Visual and anatomical outcomes after silicone oil removal in patients with complex retinal detachment

To evaluate outcomes of temporary silicone oil (SO) tamponade in patients with complex retinal detachment. A retrospective study of 184 eyes of 177 consecutive patients who underwent SO removal (SOR) by one surgeon between 2000 and 2010. Indications for the use of SO were proliferative vitreoretinopathy (56 eyes), difficult rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (58 eyes), diabetic traction retinal detachment (DTRD) (29 eyes), RRD due to macular hole in highly myopic eyes (16 eyes), giant retinal tears (13 eyes), and RRD after penetrating trauma (12 eyes). All eyes underwent prophylactic 360° laser retinopexy and encircling buckle at the time of primary surgery. The mean duration of SO tamponade was 47 weeks, with a mean follow-up of 66.9 weeks after SOR. Anatomical success after SOR was achieved in 96.73 %. Final visual outcome of ≥20/200 was significantly higher in eyes with RRD compared to eyes with DTRD. Young age (≤16 years), performance of pars plana lensectomy at primary procedure and presence of pseudophakia at last follow-up were factors associated with good visual outcome in eyes with RRD. Factors predicting attached retina at last follow-up were older age (>16 years), normal intraocular pressure (IOP) at initial presentation and no relaxing retinotomy performed during the primary procedure in eyes with RRD. Complications were cataract (100 %) in phakic eyes, increased IOP (15.7 %), keratopathy (3.8 %), and hypotony (2.1 %). The low redetachment rate after SOR in the present study might be due to prophylactic 360° retinopexy and use of encircling buckles at time of primary retinal reattachment.     

巩膜扣带术后影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的相关因素分析

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)行巩膜扣带术后影响视网膜复位和视力恢复的相关因素,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性临床研究,选择2012年1月至2016年1月我院收治的初发RRD患者行巩膜扣带术治疗者148例148眼,观察术后视网膜解剖复位率、最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)及并发症,并对可能影响术后视网膜复住和视力恢复的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 检眼镜和眼底照相检查示首次手术视网膜复位率为91.9％,最终复位率为97.3％;频域光学相干断层扫描(spectral-domainoptical coherence tomography,SD-OCT)检查视网膜首次复位率为60.1％,最终复位率为80.4％.单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:多发视网膜裂孔和C1级增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)对视网膜复位率有显著影响(均为P＜0.05);单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前BCVA、病程长短、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑累及与否对术后BCVA恢复均有明显影响(均为P＜0.05),而年龄、术前屈光状态、PVR分级、术中是否实施视网膜下放液、玻璃体内注气、联合巩膜外加压、术后视网膜下液对术后BCVA的恢复均无明显影响(均为P＞0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前BCVA是影响术后BCVA的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 巩膜扣带术治疗RRD效果良好,但多发视网膜裂孔和C1级PVR会增加手术失败风险;术前视力、病程长短、视网膜脱离范围、黄斑状态均影响巩膜扣带术后视力的恢复,而术前视力是关键因素,提示RRD患者应早发现、早治疗,尽可能保护术前视力.     

巩膜外垫压术处置视网膜激光光凝术治疗局限性孔源性视网膜脱离效果不佳病例的临床观察

目的 观察巩膜外垫压术对激光光凝效果不佳局限性孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）患者的临床疗效。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2017年1月至2021年1月空军军医大学西京医院眼科就诊的既往视网膜激光光凝术治疗局限性RRD效果不佳患者19例（19眼）。方法所有患者均行巩膜外垫压术治疗,术后补充视网膜激光光凝。随访6个月～2年,观察治疗效果。主要指标术后视网膜复位情况、视力及并发症情况。结果19眼中,垫压术后视网膜完全复位17眼（89.5%）;2眼（10.5%）垫压嵴明确,但嵴上局部视网膜下存在积液,2周内视网膜下液完全吸收。2个月后2眼增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生致视网膜脱离复发,均为首次激光后1周内行垫压术并术后2次补充激光光凝患者,行玻璃体切割硅油填充术后复位,后硅油取出稳定。末次随访时,视网膜复位19眼（100%）,其中经一次巩膜外垫压稳定17眼（89.5%）。17眼（89.5%）视力无明显变化;2眼（10.5%）视力下降。结论巩膜外垫压术处置视网膜激光光凝术治疗局限性RRD效果不佳患者远期疗效肯定。局限性RRD不恰当使用激光光凝非但无效,还会有一些负面影响,视网膜激光光凝斑密集、重复激光、...     

Functional outcome and prognostic factors in 304 eyes managed by retinectomy

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to relate the anatomic and functional results of patients who underwent retinectomy for complex retinal detachment (RD) to preoperative prognostic variables. METHODS: Three hundred and four eyes of 302 patients whose surgery involved retinectomy were included in the analysis. All eyes had established proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR grade C). The main outcome measures were (1) postoperative visual acuity of 6/24 or better, (2) status of the retina at the end of follow-up, and (3) incidence of hypotony whilst under review. RESULTS: PVR was secondary to rhegmatogenous RD in 237 eyes (78%), posterior trauma in 51 eyes (16.8%), tractional RD in vasoproliferative vasculitides in 12 eyes (4%), acute retinal necrosis in 2 eyes and endophthalmitis in 2 eyes. Complete reattachment rate after one operation was 51%, with final complete reattachment success rate of 72%. The visual acuity improved in 138 eyes (45%), remained the same in 73 eyes (24%) and became worse in 89 cases (29%). Postoperative visual acuity of 6/24 or better was significantly associated with preoperative vision, the duration of silicone oil tamponade, silicone oil removal and retinectomy size. There was also some evidence of association between visual outcome and the number of clock hours of retinal detachment. Final retinal attachment was significantly associated with silicone oil removal and preoperative vision, and final hypotony was significantly associated with silicone oil removal. The incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia in our study was 0.09% (one case). CONCLUSIONS: Good functional outcome is possible following retinectomy surgery despite advanced pathology and often multiple surgical procedures. Retinal redetachment as a result of reproliferation and hypotony appear to be the main reasons for anatomical and functional failure. The clinical features we have identified as good indicators for improved final visual acuity such as shorter tamponade duration, removal of silicone oil, smaller retinectomy size, fewer previous operations and better preoperative vision are surrogate markers of less advanced PVR and should prompt retinal surgeons to consider retinectomy at an earlier stage in the process of PVR development. Clinicians should be aware of the small risk of sympathetic ophthalmia from complex retinal surgery.     

The fellow eye of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

OBJECTIVE: To determine how often the fellow eyes of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) harbor vision-threatening conditions at presentation and during follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty-eight patients with RRD without PVR were studied. INTERVENTION: The authors observed the fellow eye of patients with RRD for vision-threatening pathology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Detection of vision-threatening pathology in the fellow eye of patients with RRD without PVR. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-eight patients were observed for an average of 5.2 years. One hundred fifty-seven vision-threatening events or diagnoses occurred in the fellow eye, including pre-existing and newly diagnosed conditions, 97 (62%) of which were rhegmatogenous in nature. Fifty-six patients (23%) had retinal detachments in their fellow eye, including those with a history of RRD repair (28 eyes), those presenting with bilateral RRD (4 eyes), and those developing new RRD during follow-up (24 eyes). In addition, 1 patient developed recurrent retinal detachment in the fellow eye during follow-up. Retinal tears were diagnosed and treated with laser retinopexy or cryotherapy in 30 (12%) fellow eyes (4 before the initial examination, 7 upon initial examination, and 19 on follow-up). Lattice degeneration was present in 27 (11%) fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who develop RRD are at considerable risk for developing vision-threatening events, particularly rhegmatogenous events, in the fellow eye.     

Surgical management of retinal detachment secondary to acute retinal necrosis: clinical features,surgical techniques,and long-term results

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of complicated retinal detachment secondary to acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and to present the long-term results of vitreous surgery in these cases. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 16 immunocompetent patients (18 eyes). The average follow-up period was 60 months. RESULTS: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade C, with the predominance of anterior PVR, and characteristic changes in the vitreous base area were present in all cases before surgery. All eyes underwent vitrectomy, membrane peeling, endolaser photocoagulation, and intraocular tamponade without scleral buckling. Additional procedures were performed in 13 eyes. Retinal reattachment was achieved in the 18 eyes (100%) in the short term. Variable degrees of reproliferation occurred in all cases after surgery. Other delayed complications included ocular hypotony, macular pucker, peripheral retinal neovascularization, and severe preretinal fibrosis. Improvement of visual acuity occurred in 13 eyes (72.2%). Eleven eyes (61.1%) achieved final ambulatory visual acuity of 5/200 or better. CONCLUSIONS: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment secondary to ARN has characteristic clinical features. Severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy with the predominance of anterior PVR develops rapidly. Reproliferation is the most important late postvitrectomy complication necessitating multiple surgical procedures in these cases. The visual results remain unfavorable due to the destructive nature of ARN.     

Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: clinical features and surgical outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of and surgical outcomes for primary pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to evaluate whether specific characteristics impact anatomical outcomes after surgical intervention. METHODS: Data for consecutive patients (18 years of age or younger) with RRD who required surgery over a 5-year period were studied retrospectively. Patients with recurrent retinal detachment or active retinopathy of prematurity were excluded. RESULTS: Forty-six eyes of 45 patients (median age, 9 years) were included. Ninety-eight percent of the patients had at least 1 predisposing factor, including prior surgery (61%), trauma (43%), developmental abnormality (35%), and myopia (17%). Retinal reattachment was attained in 78% of eyes. Younger age (P = 0.019), worse initial vision (P = 0.008), greater extent of retinal detachment (P = 0.007), and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (grade C or worse) (P = 0.008) were associated with worse anatomical outcomes. Vision improved after surgery in 56% of patients, but overall visual results were modest. Thirty-seven percent of patients had vision-threatening lesions in the other eye, and 18% had a history of retinal detachment in the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric RRD is often associated with a predisposing factor. Favorable anatomical and visual outcomes are possible, and lesions in the fellow eye are common.     

Air tamponade in retinal detachment surgery followed by ultra-widefield fundus imaging system

AIM: To report the surgical result of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by ultra-widefield fundus imaging system. METHODS: Of 25 consecutive patients (25 eyes) with fresh primary RRD and causative retinal break and vitreous traction were presented. All the patients underwent PPV with air tamponade. Visual acuity (VA) was examined postoperatively and images were captured by ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope system (Optos). RESULTS: Initial reattachment was achieved in 25 cases (100%). The air volume was >60% on the postoperative day (POD) 1. The ultra-widefield images showed that the retina was reattached in all air-filled eyes postoperatively. The retinal break and laser burns in the superior were detected in 22 of 25 eyes (88%). A missed retinal hole was found under intravitreal air bubble in 1 case (4%). The air volume was range from 40% to 60% on POD 3. A double-layered image was seen in 25 of 25 eyes with intravitreal gas. Retinal breaks and laser burns around were seen in the intravitreal air. On POD 7, small bubble without effect was seen in 6 cases (24%) and bubble was completely disappeared in 4 cases (16%). Small oval bubble in the superior area was observed in 15 cases (60%). There were no missed and new retinal breaks and no retinal detachment in all cases on the POD 14 and 1mo and last follow-up. Air disappeared completely on a mean of 9.84d postoperatively. The mean final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.35 logMAR. Mean final postoperative BCVA improved significantly relative to mean preoperative (P<0.05). Final VA of 0.3 logMAR or better was seen in 13 eyes. CONCLUSION: PPV with air tamponade is an effective management for fresh RRD with superior retinal breaks. The ultra-widefield fundus imaging can detect postoperative retinal breaks in air-filled eyes. It would be a useful facility for follow-up after PPV with air tamponade. Facedown position and acquired visual rehabilitation may be shorten.     

Association between severity of vitreous haemorrhage and visual outcome in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose: To elucidate the relationship between the severity of vitreous haemorrhage (VH) and visual outcome in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) without previous vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: We carried out a retrospective review of patients presenting with RRD and VH between January 1993 and December 2002. Diabetic retinopathy, retinal vessel occlusion and open‐globe injury patients were excluded. Study patients were separated into group 1 (eyes with mild to moderate VH) and group 2 (eyes with severe VH). Results: Our sample included 71 eyes of 71 patients (mean age 48.0 years, range 7–78 years) (median follow‐up period 19 months, range 12–140 months), of which 21 had mild, 17 had moderate and 33 had severe VH. The mean visual acuity (VA) in logMAR (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) of the 38 eyes in group 1 improved from 1.90 (Snellen equivalent [SE] 20/1589) to 0.68 (SE 20/96). In the 33 eyes in group 2, mean logMAR VA improved from 2.42 (SE 20/5261) to 1.63 (SE 20/853). Group 2 patients were significantly older (p = 0.002), had longer duration of preoperative haemorrhage (p = 0.004), lower presenting VA (p < 0.001), worse final VA (p < 0.001), and a higher incidence of severe (grade C) proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (p = 0.002). More eyes in group 2 required silicone oil tamponade, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.133). The overall recurrence rate of retinal detachment after primary surgery was around 21% in both groups. Conclusions: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with severe VH is associated with longer duration of preoperative haemorrhage, a higher incidence of severe PVR and worse visual outcome. Close follow‐up and aggressive surgical interventions are suggested in these patients.     

Factors influencing anatomic and visual results in primary scleral buckling

PURPOSE: To identify the factors influencing anatomical and visual results in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing primary scleral buckling. METHODS: A retrospective study of 233 eyes of 226 patients was done. The data were evaluated by univariate analysis and stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved with primary scleral buckling in 197 eyes (84.5%). The extent of retinal detachment, preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), preoperative visual acuity and relative afferent pupillary defects were identified as influencing anatomical results, by univariate analysis. The predictive roles of extent of retinal detachment (P<0.0001) and preoperative PVR (P=0.0085) were shown to be significant by step-wise logistic regression. As well as the above factors, the patient's age, the duration of symptoms and the status of the macula were predictors of visual results, by univariate analysis. Stepwise logistic regression analysis confirmed the predictive roles of preoperative visual acuity (P<0.0001) and the extent of retinal detachment (P=0.0089). CONCLUSIONS: Cases with a larger extent of retinal detachment, more advanced preoperative PVR and poorer preoperative visual acuity have less favorable anatomical and functional results.     

巩膜外垫压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离215例的临床观察

目的:观察巩膜外垫压术对孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)的疗效.方法:选取2008-05/2014-05在我院接受巩膜外垫压术治疗RRD的215例215眼患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究和分析.所有纳入研究的患眼必须达到确诊RRD的标准且增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)评级均在B级及以下.所有患眼术中均在双目检眼镜直视下行裂孔定位及巩膜外冷凝.随访至少2mo,术后观察视网膜的解剖复位、术后视力、术后并发症.结果:术中行视网膜下液(subretinal fluid,SRF)引流者107眼(49.8%),82眼(38.1%)在手术结束时向其玻璃体腔注入无菌空气.接受单次巩膜外垫压术达到视网膜解剖复位并随访2 mo以上无复发者196眼(91.2%),视网膜未能Ⅰ期复位者19眼(8.8%).与术前相比较,术后视力提高192眼(89.3%),视力不变14眼(6.5%),视力下降9眼(4.2%).没有因SRF引流和玻璃体腔注入无菌空气而产生相关并发症.发生手术相关并发症的患眼共有11眼(5.1%).结论:巩膜外垫压术治疗RRD安全有效,准确的裂孔定位及裂孔与垫压嵴的关系是手术成功最重要的因素.     

视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生的危险因素

目的 探讨孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy, PVR）发生的临床危险因素。 方法 采用病例对照研究方法，回顾性分析4031例（4031只眼）PVR低于C1级、行视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术患者的临床资料。记录患眼眼压值、晶状体和玻璃体状态、视网膜脱离特征、是否伴发脉络膜脱离 等22个临床特征。4031例患者中，有2660例手术后随访时间3个月以上，其中72例 （72只眼）因为巩膜扣带术后［12~210 d ,平均时间（60.3±41.0）d］发生严重PVR导致视网膜再脱离，回到我科行第2次玻璃体切割术，纳入PVR组；从剩下的2588例患者资料中随机调取72例（72只眼）视网膜复位3个月以上患者的临床资料纳入对照组。应用SPSS（10.0）软件将2组分析结果进行单元和多元Logistic回归分析。 结果 视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后严重PVR发生的相关因素为：巩膜扣带术前呈现不完全性玻璃体后脱离 （P<0.001），眼压低于7 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)(P＜0.002），以及单一视网膜裂孔大小大于2个视盘直径(disc diameter,DD)（P＜0.005）。 结论 孔源性视网膜脱离患者巩膜扣带术前有不完全性玻璃体后脱离、低眼压及单一视网膜裂孔大小大于2 DD可能是PVR发生的主要危险因素。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：141-143）     

Silicone oil tamponade in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To describe 20 consecutive patients treated with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachments (RD) of different etiologies. METHODS: Prospective case series. Twenty patients with complex retinal detachment were submitted to a primary 23-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (RRD + PVR) in 7 cases, diabetic tractional retinal detachment (DTRD) in 5 cases, giant retinal tear (GRT) in 2 cases, RRD with multiple tears in 2 cases, GRT + uveitis in 1 case, RRD + uveitis in 1 case, DTRD + RRD in 1 case, and RRD + PVR with intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in 1 case. Length of postoperative follow up ranged from 3 to 14 months. RESULTS: Final visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to hand motion. Postoperatively, none of the 20 eyes had hypotony or leakage of silicone oil through the sclerotomies. Seventeen out of 20 (85%) had improved vision. CONCLUSION: Silicone oil tamponade was demonstrated to be a feasible option in conjunction with 23-g transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy to treat complex retinal detachment.     

巩膜扣带术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察采用巩膜扣带术治疗增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）分级在C3和D1的陈旧性视网膜脱离的效果。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2013年3月到2014年5月在北京同仁医院经巩膜扣带术治疗的陈旧性视网膜脱离16例16眼。方法 回顾性分析16例（16眼）PVR分级在C3（9眼）和D1（7眼）的陈旧性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料、手术方式和疗效。主要指标 PVR分级、视力、视网膜复位状况。结果 16眼均采用巩膜外冷冻-硅胶外加压-环扎术,一次手术视网膜复位成功15眼（93.8%）。术后视力均有不同程度提高,提高2行以上者6眼。结论 对于部分PVR分级在C3和D1的陈旧视网膜脱离,巩膜扣带术治疗可获得满意的效果。     

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and surgical results of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The medical records of 30 eyes of 29 patients younger than 18 years of age who underwent vitreoretinal surgery due to RRD were analyzed. The gender, age, laterality, duration of presenting symptom, etiology, ocular and systemic co-morbidities, type of breaks, lens status, presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and its grade, initial and final best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), surgical management, number of operations, duration of follow-up, functional and anatomical success, and complications were noted. As the most common predisposing factors were trauma (trauma group) and myopia (myopia group), the data of these patients were further analyzed. The mean age was 12.6 ± 3.0 years. There were 23 male (79.3 %) and 6 female (20.6 %) subjects. The most common etiologic factors were high myopia (40 %) and trauma (36.6 %). Functional success rate was 70 % (n = 21) after the primary surgeries and was 80 % (n = 24) after the secondary surgeries. There were no significant differences between the trauma and myopia groups regarding the presence of total retinal detachment, macula-off status, and the rate of PVR worse than grade C. Although the preoperative mean BCVA and the initial and final retinal reattachment rates of the groups were statistically similar, trauma group had significantly higher postoperative mean BCVA compared to myopia group (p = 0.013). Myopia and trauma were the most common etiologic factors for RRD in children. The visual outcomes of trauma-associated RRD were better than those of myopia-associated RRD.     

Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To review the clinical features and surgical and visual outcomes of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) as seen in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: Retrospective case series spanning 6 years from January 1, 1991 to January 1, 1997. Exclusionary criteria were trauma disrupting the globe and acute retinopathy of prematurity. RESULTS: The authors reviewed a series of 29 eyes in 27 pediatric patients (birth to 18 years of age) with RRD. Seventy percent of the patients were male. The mean patient age was 9.6 years. Bilateral RRD was present in 22% of patients; 89% of patients had some form of bilateral ocular pathology at initial presentation. The two most common etiologies (34% each) were myopia and eyes that had undergone surgery for another ocular disorder with subsequent development of RRD. The most common presentation was decreased vision, with a mean duration of 52 days. At presentation, 75% of the affected eyes and 48% of the fellow eyes had visual acuity worse than 20/800. The most common type of retinal break was a horseshoe tear. Late diagnosis was a common problem, evidenced by the frequency of macular detachment (79%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (45%) at initial presentation. The most common primary repair was a scleral buckle. Anatomic reattachment was ultimately accomplished in 72% of cases with a mean of 2.2 surgeries per eye. Average postoperative follow-up time was 21.4 months (range 4 to 61 months). At final follow-up, 41% of the affected eyes had visual acuity 20/800 or better. Thirty-eight percent of the affected eyes had a final visual acuity better than or equal to the fellow eye. CONCLUSION: In this series, pediatric RRD occurred most commonly in association with myopia (Stickler's syndrome and adolescent retinopathy of prematurity) and prior intraocular surgery. Most eyes were anatomically reattached after multiple surgeries. Forty-one percent of eyes retained vision of 20/800 or better. Preserving vision in children with RRD is of great importance, particularly given the 89% frequency of vision-threatening abnormalities in fellow eyes.