共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kim JY Hauser R Wand MP Herrick RF Amarasiriwardena CJ Christiani DC 《Environmental research》2003,93(2):158-166
Toxicologic studies have shown that soluble transition metals in residual oil fly ash (ROFA) can induce pulmonary injury. In this study, we investigated the association between the fractional concentration of expired nitric oxide (FENO) and exposure to metal constituents of particulate matter with an aerodynamic mass median diameter < or =2.5 microm (PM2.5) in boilermakers exposed to ROFA and metal fume. Metals investigated included vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, and lead. Subjects were monitored for 5 consecutive days during boiler repair overhauls in 1999 (n=20) and 2000 (n=14). In 1999, we found a significant inverse association between log-transformed FENO and PM2.5 metal concentrations. LogFENO changed by -0.03 (95% CI: -0.04, -0.01), -0.56 (95% CI: -0.88, -0.24), -0.09 (95% CI: -0.16, -0.02), and -0.04 (95% CI: -0.07, -0.02) per microg/m3 of PM2.5 vanadium, chromium, manganese, and nickel, respectively. In 2000, no significant associations were observed, most likely due to exposure misclassification resulting from the use of respirators. The inverse association between PM2.5 metal exposure and FENO in subjects with limited respirator usage suggests that soluble transition metals might be partially responsible for the adverse pulmonary responses seen in workers exposed to ROFA. 相似文献
2.
Biliary and urinary excretion of metals in humans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fifteen metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, organic mercury, iron, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, and aluminum) were determined in the hepatic bile and urine collected simultaneously from three Japanese individuals (2 males, 1 female). The presence of these metals was classified as follows: hepatic biliary concentrations were higher than urinary concentrations (lead, arsenic, and iron); urinary concentrations were higher than hepatic biliary concentrations (cadmium, inorganic mercury, tin, cobalt, magnesium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel); hepatic biliary concentrations were almost equal to urinary concentrations (manganese and organic mercury); and relationship between hepatic biliary and urinary concentrations changed occasionally (aluminum). Eight essential metals (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, chromium, copper, nickel, and cobalt) were detected at considerable concentrations in hepatic bile. Accounting for the daily flow volume of hepatic bile and the reabsorption of these metals, the supplementation of these metals should occur during treatment of diseases accompanied by loss of hepatic bile. 相似文献
3.
4.
Mukherjee S Rodrigues E Aeschliman DB Houk RS Palmer LJ Woodin MA Weker R Christiani DC 《American journal of industrial medicine》2005,47(6):484-493
BACKGROUND: Boilermakers are occupationally exposed to known carcinogens. METHODS: The association of urinary 1-hydroxy-pyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, with biomarkers of metal exposure (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, and lead) in boilermakers exposed to metal fume from welding and dust particulates from residual oil fly ash (ROFA) was examined. A repeated measures cohort study was conducted during the overhaul of an oil-fired boiler. Twice-daily urine samples were obtained for 5 days and analyzed for cotinine, 1-OHP, and metals. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the multivariate relationship of 1-OHP to the explanatory variables. RESULTS: Metal and 1-OHP levels were determined for 165 urine samples from 20 boilermakers and these levels increased during the workweek. However, the 1-OHP level was not significantly associated with any individual metal level at any time point. CONCLUSION: This suggests that boilermakers were occupationally exposed to PAH and metals, but 1-OHP as a PAH biomarker was unable to serve as a surrogate marker of metal exposure for the metals measured in this study. 相似文献
5.
Bystrykh VV Perepelkin SV Mozgov SM Amerzianova NM Kadeshnikov SA Gorlov AV Karpov AI Muzaleva OV 《Gigiena i sanitariia》2002,(5):18-20
Soil pollution has been comprehensively assessed in the agroindustrial region and its sources were defined. The results of ecological and hygienic assessment of natural and anthropogenic soil pollution suggest that there are increased concentrations of boron, chromium, nickel, and lead and deficient levels of iodine throughout the territory. There are higher levels of metal accumulation in the soil of the Eastern area. Soil pollution with lead, zinc, copper, tin, manganese, chromium, and nickel was higher in the urban area than in rural one, that with vanadium was higher in the rural area. The following 4 types of correlating associations of metals in the soil were identified: cobalt--nickel--chromium; copper--zinc; baron--zirconium; vanadium--manganese--boron. 相似文献
6.
Biological monitoring of metals and organic substances in hazardous-waste incineration workers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Schuhmacher M Domingo JL Agramunt MC Bocio A Müller L 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2002,75(7):500-506
OBJECTIVES: To determine blood and urine concentrations of a number of metals and organic substances in workers at a hazardous-waste incinerator (HWI) 1 year after regular operations in the facility, and to compare these concentrations with the baseline levels. METHODS: The employees were divided into three groups according to their workplaces. Plasma analyses of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and urinary analyses of 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) were carried out. The blood concentrations of beryllium, manganese, mercury and lead, and the urine levels of cadmium, chromium, nickel and vanadium were also determined. RESULTS: The current plasma HCB, PCB and PCDD/F levels, and the urine levels of chlorophenols (CLPs) and 1-HP did not show significant differences between workplace groups or the baseline concentrations. Moreover, no significant differences between metal levels could be observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The lack of differences between the current levels of metals and organic substances and the respective baseline concentrations, together with the absence of differences depending on the workplace indicate that the potential exposure of HWI workers to the analyzed compounds was insignificant. According to these results, 1 year of potential exposure to the above metals and organic substances would not mean any specific health problem for the workers at the HWI. 相似文献
7.
Chih-Kuo Lee Charlene Wu Chien-Yu Lin Po-Chin Huang Fung-Chang Sung Ta-Chen Su 《Nutrients》2021,13(9)
(1) Background: In previous research, higher levels of urine heavy metals, especially lead and cadmium, have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, there is no information linking exposure to heavy metal to endothelial and platelet microparticles (EMPs and PMPs), particularly in the younger population, which are novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. (2) Methods: From a nationwide database, which was incepted in 1992–2000, screening for renal health among Taiwanese school children, a total of 789 subjects were recruited. Cross-sectional analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum EMPs/PMPs and urine iron, nickel, copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, manganese, and zinc levels in the adolescent and young adult population. (3) Results: After we adjusted the conventional cardiovascular risk factors, CD31+/CD42a− and CD31+/CD42a+ counts, in subjects’ serum, respective markers of EMP and PMP displayed a significant positive dose-response relationship with urinary lead and cadmium levels. Higher quartiles of urine lead and cadmium levels were associated with an increased risk of higher EMPs/PMPs (≥75th percentile) in a multivariate logistic regression model. (4) Conclusion: Higher urinary lead and cadmium concentrations are strongly associated with endothelium–platelet microparticles in this adolescent and young adult population, which could help explain, in part, the mechanism through which heavy metal exposure results in cardiotoxicity. 相似文献
8.
J Kucera V Bencko A Pápayová D Saligová J Tejral L Borská 《Central European journal of public health》2001,9(4):171-175
Exposure to workplace airborne pollutants was examined in a group of 20 workers dealing mainly with welding, polishing, drilling and assembling of stainless steel constructions. Airborne particulate matter (APM) collected using both personal and stationary samplers was analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Quality assurance procedures of both sampling and analytical stages are described. Of the elements determined, results are presented for chromium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel and vanadium. The median values of element concentrations exceeded the maximum admissible limits for workplace pollutants only for chromium, while for nickel the limit was exceeded in several individual cases. Sampling of hair, nails, blood, urine and saliva to be used for biological monitoring of the exposed and control groups is also described. 相似文献
9.
Guzmán-Morales J Morton-Bermea O Hernández-Álvarez E Rodríguez-Salazar MT García-Arreola ME Tapia-Cruz V 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2011,86(5):495-500
Concentrations of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, antimony, and lead were measured in Ficus benjamina leaves from the Mexico City urban area in order to assess their enrichment against background values. The instrumental analysis
was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the analytical method was tested using two certified
reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (1547 Peach Leaves and 1573a Tomato Leaves). Enrichment
factors were calculated, i.e., total to background concentration ratio, for each metal. Low enrichments of vanadium, cobalt,
nickel, and copper (≈2), and mild enrichments of chromium and zinc (4.4, 4.5 respectively) were found in the entire area;
oppositely, high enrichments were assessed for antimony (28.6) and lead (17.2). However, results indicate that metal concentrations
strongly depend on the specific urban sub-area. Increments of metals were attributed to natural, vehicular, and industrial
sources. 相似文献
10.
Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in workers exposed to fine particulates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a chemically complex mixture of compounds, including metals that are potentially carcinogenic because of their ability to cause oxidative injury. In this study, we investigated the association between exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic mass median diameter 相似文献
11.
Heavy metal pollution among autoworkers. II. Cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, and nickel.
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Garages and auto-repair workshops may be polluted with other heavy metals besides lead. Blood of autoworkers with high lead content was analysed for cadmium, chromium, copper manganese, nickel, ALAD activity and carboxyhaemoglobin level. Cadmium and copper levels in blood of autoworkers were comparable with those of the control subjects while chroimium and nickel levels were significantly higher (P less than 0-01 for both metals), and scattered raised values of manganese were found. There was no significant mutual correlation between levels of various heavy metals determined in whole blood. High copper levels were slightly related to decreasing ALAD activity (P less than 0-1). Nineteen per cent of autoworkers were found to have an abnormally blood level of carboxyhaemoglobin. The amount of particulate heavy metal in autoworkshop air was not related to biochemical abnormalities found in the autoworkers. Various sources of pollution of these heavy metals in autoworkshops are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Garages and auto-repair workshops may be polluted with other heavy metals besides lead. Blood of autoworkers with high lead content was analysed for cadmium, chromium, copper manganese, nickel, ALAD activity and carboxyhaemoglobin level. Cadmium and copper levels in blood of autoworkers were comparable with those of the control subjects while chroimium and nickel levels were significantly higher (P less than 0-01 for both metals), and scattered raised values of manganese were found. There was no significant mutual correlation between levels of various heavy metals determined in whole blood. High copper levels were slightly related to decreasing ALAD activity (P less than 0-1). Nineteen per cent of autoworkers were found to have an abnormally blood level of carboxyhaemoglobin. The amount of particulate heavy metal in autoworkshop air was not related to biochemical abnormalities found in the autoworkers. Various sources of pollution of these heavy metals in autoworkshops are discussed. 相似文献
13.
目的研究3种类型民用燃料燃烧的烹调油烟中气态污染物(SO2、NO2、CO、CO2)及颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)的污染状况,并分析PM2.5、PM10中8种金属元素(铅、铬、铜、镉、锰、锌、铁、汞)和两种多环芳烃(菲、苯并[a]芘)的含量。方法采用气体检测仪检测SO2、NO2、CO、CO2值;采用称重法分析PM25和PM10的质量浓度,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法定量检测PM25和PM10中铅、铬、铜、镉,火焰原子吸收分光光度法定量检测PM2.5和PM10中锰、锌、铁,冷原子吸收法定量检测PM2,和PM10中汞,高效液相色谱法定量检测PM2,和PM10中菲、苯并[a]芘浓度。结果SO2、NO2、CO、CO2及PM2.5、PM10的浓度均超过室内空气质量标准规定的浓度限值,其中超标倍数较大的分别是天然气的CO2(5.2),液化石油气的NO2(11.1),蜂窝煤的SO2(12.4)、CO(16.5);天然气的PM2.5、PM10超标倍数分别是117.0、145.5。PM2.5、PM10的金属成分分析结果显示锰、锌、铁含量较高,铅、铜次之,铬、镉、汞含量最低;PM2.5、PM10的多环芳烃类有机成分菲、苯并[a]芘含量均较高。结论3种类型燃料燃烧产生的烹调油烟中气态污染物及颗粒物污染严重,不同类型燃料产生的污染物污染状况不同,PM2.5、PM10中金属元素及多环芳烃类有机成分污染水平较高,烹调油烟可能是居室内空气污染主要来源,且污染程度严重。 相似文献
14.
The association of particulate air metal concentrations with heart rate variability 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
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Magari SR Schwartz J Williams PL Hauser R Smith TJ Christiani DC 《Environmental health perspectives》2002,110(9):875-880
Numerous studies show an association between particulate air pollution and adverse health effects. Particulate matter is a complex mixture of elemental carbon, ammonium, sulfates, nitrates, organic components, and metals. The mechanisms of action of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 micro m in mean aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)), as well as the constituents responsible for the observed cardiopulmonary health effects, have not been identified. In this study we focused on the association between the metallic component of PM(2.5) and cardiac autonomic function based on standard heart rate variability (HRV) measures in an epidemiologic study of boilermakers. Thirty-nine male boilermakers were monitored throughout a work shift. Each subject wore an ambulatory electrocardiogram (Holter) monitor and a personal monitor to measure PM(2.5). We used mixed-effects models to regress heart rate and SDNN index (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal) on PM(2.5) and six metals (vanadium, nickel, chromium, lead, copper, and manganese). There were statistically significant mean increases in the SDNN index of 11.30 msec and 3.98 msec for every 1 micro g/m(3) increase in the lead and vanadium concentrations, respectively, after adjusting for mean heart rate, age, and smoking status. Small changes in mean heart rate were seen with all exposure metrics. The results of this study suggest an association between exposure to airborne metals and significant alterations in cardiac autonomic function. These results extend our understanding of the adverse health effects of the metals component of ambient PM(2.5). 相似文献
15.
An application of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the analysis of various toxic metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium) in whole blood was studied, and two techniques for sample preparation (vacuum drying and nitric acid combustion) were compared. The acid combustion method appeared to be superior on the basis of the accuracy and precision of the determinations. The tungsten-target X-ray tube was suitable for determining manganese, nickel, and vanadium, the lowest limits of detection being 0.021 mug/ml, 0.035 mug/ml and 0.017 mug/ml, respectively, and the precisions being between 4.25 and 6.92%. The sensitivity and reproducibility for lead, cadmium, and chromium were unsatisfactory. A comparison between the recoveries of X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption analyses demonstrated that the X-ray method is suitable for determining manganese, vandium, nickel, cadmium, and lead. The poor sensitivity of the X-ray method, however, restricts its practical use. For vandium the results obtained by X-ray fluorescence were superior to those measured by a colorimetric method. No significant differences were observed between the results of single component and multicomponent analyses at the metal concentrations usual in physiological and toxicological cases. 相似文献
16.
目的 在交通警察中探讨23种尿金属与血脂水平的关联性。方法 采用横断面研究设计,在185名交通警察中(56名内勤人员,129名外勤人员)分析尿金属对血脂水平的影响。对研究对象进行职业健康检查。尿金属浓度采用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪检测。结果 外勤组甘油三酯(TG)、高密度和低密度脂蛋白均高于内勤组(P<0.001,P<0.001和P = 0.036)。外勤组铝、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、铷、锶、钼、镉、锡、锑、钨、铊、铅和铀浓度均高于内勤组,差异有统计学意义(所有P<0.05)。校正年龄、性别、吸烟、吸烟包年、饮酒、锻炼、工龄、工种、BMI和尿肌酐后,尿铜与TG、尿钴与总胆固醇(TC)的关联性有统计学意义(β = 0.16, 95%CI 0.05~0.28, P = 0.007和β = 0.05, 95%CI 0.01~0.10, P = 0.009),且在校正了其他金属后,此关联仍有统计学意义。此外,校正辅助变量后,尿铜与血脂异常正相关。结论 尿铜和尿钴分别与TG和TC水平升高有关,表明金属对交通警察血脂代谢具有调节作用。 相似文献
17.
目的 探讨苗族人群尿金属暴露与空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及糖尿病的关联性。方法 通过多阶段分层抽样调查贵州省苗族30~79 岁之间的居民共3 724人,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测尿液金属(砷、镉、镉、钴、铁、汞、锂、钼、铅、锶、钒和锌)浓度。采用最小二乘法回归、稀疏偏最小二乘法回归分析单金属与多金属暴露和空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白之间的关联。采用logistic回归分析尿液金属与糖尿病之间的关联并构建糖尿病预测模型。结果 在稀疏偏最小二乘法模型中,铬(β: 0.328, 95%CI:0.207~0.444)、锌(β: 0.102, 95%CI: 0.047~0.175)与空腹血糖呈正相关,铁(β: - 0.129, 95%CI: - 0.196~- 0.06)、钼(β: - 0.061, 95%CI: - 0.116~- 0.016)、铅(β: - 0.053, 95%CI: - 0.088~- 0.013)、钒(β: - 0.133, 95%CI: - 0.197~- 0.081)与空腹血糖呈负相关;铬(β:0.252, 95%CI: 0.165~0.332)、锌(β: 0.058, 95%CI: 0.018~0.108)与糖化血红蛋白呈正相关,铁(β: - 0.107, 95%CI: - 0.155~- 0.057)、铅(β: - 0.034, 95%CI: - 0.062~- 0.003)、钒(β: - 0.095, 95%CI: - 0.139~- 0.053)与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关。基于年龄、甘油三酯、收缩压、肌酐清除率、糖尿病家族史、尿铬、尿铁、尿钒和尿锌的独立危险因素,建立预测糖尿病风险的列线图模型,并对该模型进行验证,该模型受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.787。结论 多金属暴露,尤其是铬、铁、钒、锌,与苗族人群空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及糖尿病有关,这支持了金属暴露在糖尿病发生发展中的发挥作用的观点。 相似文献
18.
Metal Contamination of Vegetables Grown on Soils Irrigated with Untreated Municipal Effluent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mahmood-ul-Hassan M Suthor V Rafique E Ahmad R Yasin M 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(2):204-209
Metals in soils and vegetables irrigated with untreated municipal/industrial effluent, from four cities of Pakistan (Gujranwala,
Sialkot, Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas) were assessed. The cadmium, copper, lead and chromium concentrations in the municipal/industrial
effluent from all sites were above the recommended permissible limits. Similarly, cadmium, lead and nickel concentrations
in almost all the soil samples were above the recommended permissible limits with chromium higher than the recommended permissible
limits in 62% soils and copper higher in 26%. Cadmium and chromium concentrations were above the recommended permissible limits
in all the examined vegetables and lead was exceeded in 90% of vegetables. 相似文献
19.
Domingo JL Schuhmacher M Agramunt MC Müller L Neugebauer F 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2001,74(4):263-269
Objective: To assess baseline concentrations of a number of metals and organic compounds in blood and urine of 28 workers employed
at a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), before operation of the plant. Methods: Plasma analyses of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180), benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were carried out. The urinary levels of 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCPs), 2,4,5- and
2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCPs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), as well as those of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) were also measured. Beryllium
(Be), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations were determined in total blood, while the levels of arsenic
(As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) were measured in urine. Results: The levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene were under their respective detection limits. The concentrations of HCB, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in plasma of the HWI workers,
chlorophenols (CLPs) and 1-HP urinary concentrations, as well as those of metals in blood and urine are shown. PCDD/F concentrations
in plasma of the new HWI workers ranged between 13.4 and 84.0 pg international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ)/g lipid, with a geometric
mean value of 24.4 pg I-TEQ/g lipid. Discussion: PCDD/F levels, as well as the concentrations of PCBs were of the same order of magnitude as those recently obtained for
non-occupationally exposed populations of Catalonia (Spain). No significant gender differences were found for the levels of
HCB, PCBs and PCDD/Fs. Although the present results showed a notable variability in the levels of CLPs, geometric mean values
of these compounds were similar or even lower than those considered as potential reference values. Metal concentrations in
blood and urine were also of the same order of magnitude than previously reported metal levels in the same area. Conclusion: The present results should be useful in future surveys in which internal exposure of the HWI workers will be determined.
Received: 26 June 2000 / Accepted: 10 October 2000 相似文献
20.
Field small-plot experiments studied the effects of sediments of waste water from Saransk disposal systems. The content of toxic heavy metals (lead, arsenic, and cadmium) in the waste-water sediments, was shown to be not greater than their maximum permissible concentrations (32, 2, and 10 mg per kg of dried soil, respectively). With the use of waste-water sediments, the content of manganese, copper, tin, nickel, vanadium, beryllium, cobalt, iron, and chromium was found to correspond to their baseline level in the soil and plants. 相似文献