视网膜脱离晶状体切除术中保留前囊膜的临床观察

目的观察视网膜脱离晶状体切除术中保留前囊膜的疗效。方法视网膜脱离34例(34眼)患者行视网膜脱离晶状体切除术,术中切除晶状体及玻璃体,保留前囊膜,同时行硅油填充。术后随访6～24个月,平均18.5个月,观察患者随访末期视网膜复位、视力及并发症情况。结果术后视网膜裂孔封闭、视网膜复位21例,复位率61.8%。术后视力高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症有角膜水肿伴硅油继发性青光眼、前房纤维素性渗出、玻璃体再次积血、黄斑区及周围视网膜点状出血、渗出等。结论视网膜脱离晶状体切除术中保留前囊膜可减少并发症的发生,有利于视力提高。     

保留前囊的晶状体切除联合硅油填充术

目的 探讨保留前囊的晶状体切除联合硅油填充术的临床应用价值及适应证。方法 对３３例复杂性视风膜脱离采用经睫状体平坦部前囊的晶状体切除联合硅油填充术进行治疗。结果 随访的２９眼中，视网 位２２例，后极复位５例。术前指数以下视力２４眼，术后１６例０．０１～０．９，１２例０．１～０．４，巨大裂孔性视网膜脱离术后视力均提高显著，统计学检验，Ｐ，０．０５。结论 保留前囊的晶状体切除联合硅油填充术安全，术后并     

Preservation of anterior capsule during vitrectomy and lensectomy for retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

PURPOSE: To report a series of 15 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) or at high risk for advanced PVR, which underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and lensectomy (PPL) with preservation of the anterior capsule. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinal detachment and varying degrees of PVR in one eye. METHODS: All eyes had undergone PPV and PPL with preservation and polishing of the anterior capsule and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Of the 15 eyes, grade C PVR was present preoperatively in 11 and was anterior in 5. Seven of 15 eyes had gas and 8 of 15 had silicone oil tamponade. Eight of 15 eyes had subsequent posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) placement; 5 eyes had simultaneous silicone oil removal. One eye had a PCIOL placed at the time of the PPL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, retinal reattachment, complications of gas or silicone oil tamponade, and anterior capsular clarity. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes had complete retinal reattachment at the final visit (1 of 15 had macular redetachment only). Final visual acuity was better or equal to preoperative acuity in all eyes, improving by 4 +/- 4 lines overall. No eyes had corneal decompensation, pupillary block, or other vision-threatening anterior segment complication. The anterior capsule remained centrally clear in the 13 eyes that did not have a primary central capsulotomy. One eye with minimal preoperative PVR developed hypotony. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreoretinal surgeons can preserve the anterior capsule in eyes with retinal detachment and PVR to help prevent intraoperative and postoperative complications of gas or silicone oil, simplify future PCIOL placement, and maintain a normal iris appearance.     

保留晶状体前囊的晶状体玻璃体视网膜联合手术

目的 回顾性比较保留晶状体前囊与否对晶状体玻璃体视网膜联合手术的疗效及术后并发症的影响。方法 将过去两年中的晶状体玻璃体视网膜联合硅油填充手术１０２例分为保留主体前囊组和未保留晶状体前囊组,比较二者的疗效及术后并发症的情况。结果 术后随访１－２个月,保留昌状体前囊组：视网膜完全复位者３２只眼,高眼压者３只眼,晶状体前囊透明者３５只眼;     

晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术中晶状体囊的处理

目的探讨晶状体玻璃体切除联合眼内硅油填充术中保留前囊或后囊的作用。方法用晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充治疗30例30眼伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的视网膜脱离患者，根据白内障手术方式不同分2组。保留后囊组：13眼术前检查为非外伤性白内障行超声乳化吸出保留后囊；保留前囊组：17眼采用经睫状体平坦部晶状体切除，并保留前囊。8眼行二期后房型人工晶状体植入。结果保留后囊组：13眼均保留了完整的晶状体后囊；保留前囊组：17眼中除3眼原有晶状体前囊小破口外，14眼保留了完整的晶状体前囊。术后随访6～24月，平均9月，无1眼发生角膜变性，近期一过性高眼压3眼，8眼二期后房型人工晶状体植入位置良好。结论晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术中保留前囊或后囊可减少角膜变性、继发青光眼的发生率，并有利于二期后房型人工晶状体植入。[眼科新进展2005；25（5）：442—443]     

玻璃体切割术中保留前囊膜的临床疗效观察

目的: 评价玻璃体手术中保留前囊膜的临床效果。方法: 选取 2004- 02/2005- 02 在我院行保留前囊膜的玻璃体晶状体联合切割手术患者 15 例, 其中巨大裂孔源性视网膜脱离患者 4 例, 糖尿病性视网膜病变(Ⅵ期)患者 2 例, 裂孔源性视网膜脱离患者 9 例(复发性裂孔原性视网膜脱离患者 3 例)PVR分级均在 C级以上。眼内注气者 6 例, 硅油填充者 9 例。追踪观察至少3mo, 根据其手术前后的视力及并发症对手术效果做出评价。结果: 所有患者术后视力都高于术前或与术前相等, 平均视力提高 3±3 行。有 8 例患者在术后 2mo 成功植入后房型人工晶状体( PCIOL) , 其中 2 例为硅油取出的同时植入, 另外 6 例为眼内注气患者。术后随访期间未发现角膜失代偿、瞳孔阻滞和视网膜再次脱离等并发症。结论: 完整保留前囊膜可以避免复杂性视网膜脱离患者在玻璃体联合晶状体切割术中和术后由于眼内注气或硅油填充而产生的并发症, 并有利于 PCIOL的植入,保留了虹膜的正常形态, 是一种理想的手术方式。     

国产全氟萘烷及全氟丙烷联合应用治疗早期视网膜巨大裂孔

目的 探讨保留晶体及非硅油填充治疗早期视网膜巨大裂孔的方法。方法 联合应用全氟丙烷和全氟萘烷治疗１３例巨大裂孔性视网膜脱离。结果 视网膜最终复位率９２．３％,视力显著提高。结论 在治疗早期巨大裂孔性视网膜脱离时,联合应用全氟萘烷及全氟丙烷,保留晶体,不行硅油填充,有助于获得较高手术成功率并提高视力。     

Silicone oil tamponade in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To describe 20 consecutive patients treated with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachments (RD) of different etiologies. METHODS: Prospective case series. Twenty patients with complex retinal detachment were submitted to a primary 23-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (RRD + PVR) in 7 cases, diabetic tractional retinal detachment (DTRD) in 5 cases, giant retinal tear (GRT) in 2 cases, RRD with multiple tears in 2 cases, GRT + uveitis in 1 case, RRD + uveitis in 1 case, DTRD + RRD in 1 case, and RRD + PVR with intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in 1 case. Length of postoperative follow up ranged from 3 to 14 months. RESULTS: Final visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to hand motion. Postoperatively, none of the 20 eyes had hypotony or leakage of silicone oil through the sclerotomies. Seventeen out of 20 (85%) had improved vision. CONCLUSION: Silicone oil tamponade was demonstrated to be a feasible option in conjunction with 23-g transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy to treat complex retinal detachment.     

Deposition of silicone oil droplets in the residual anterior lens capsule after vitrectomy and lensectomy in rabbits

AIM: To examine the histology of preserved anterior lens capsule in vitrectomised and lensectomised rabbit eyes with and without silicone oil tamponade. METHODS: Forty adult Japanese albino rabbits received two port vitrectomy and lensectomy with or without silicone oil tamponade in one eye under both general and topical anaesthesia. Anterior lens capsule was preserved during operation. After healing intervals residual anterior capsule was histologically observed under light or electron microscopy. RESULTS: Immediately after operation, cuboidal lens epithelial cells were observed on the posterior surface of the preserved anterior capsule. During healing intervals in eyes with or without silicone oil tamponade, regenerated lens structure of Sommerring's ring and fibrous tissue formed in the peripheral and central areas of the residual capsule, respectively. Ultrastructural observation revealed the presence of many vacuoles amid matrix accumulation on the posterior capsular surface, suggesting the deposition of emulsified silicone oil droplets. CONCLUSION: Lens epithelial cells produce regenerated lenticular structure and fibrous tissue on the residual capsule following vitrectomy and lensectomy in rabbits. Silicone oil droplets formed by its emulsification deposit in extracellular matrix accumulated on the posterior surface of the anterior capsule. Emulsified silicone may potentially enhance opacification of residual anterior capsule following pars plana vitrectomy by silicone oil deposition and subsequent activation of lens epithelial cells.     

玻璃体切除治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变保留晶状体前囊膜的临床观察

目的 探讨保留晶状体前囊膜技术在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)手术治疗中的临床效果.方法 系列病例研究.对伴有晶状体混浊和累及眼底后极部的牵拉性视网膜脱离或牵拉-孔源性视网膜脱离的51例(58只眼)PDR患者,在行玻璃体切除手术中,采用经睫状体平坦部切除或超声粉碎吸出晶状体核及皮质并保留前囊膜的技术,处理混浊的晶状体,完成玻璃体手术后给予硅油充填.术后对晶状体前囊膜照相,并对其透明度进行分级评价,对与手术相关的并发症及其处理方法、患者视力和眼压、视网膜复位情况进行分析.结果 玻璃体切除硅油充填并保留晶状体前囊膜的58只眼中,晶状体前囊膜透明度:A级26只眼(44.8%),B级20只眼(34.5%),C级7只眼(12.1%);D级5只眼(8.6%).46只眼(79.3%)术后最佳矫正视力≥0.05,21只眼接受二期人工晶状体植入术.最终7只眼因视网膜不能复位,黄斑裂孔未闭合,而未行硅油取出术.手术并发症:误切虹膜1只眼,硅油进入前房7只眼,虹膜新生血管形成及新生血管性青光眼各1只眼,术后高眼压4只眼,继发性黄斑和视网膜前膜11只眼,黄斑裂孔2只眼.结论 保留晶状体前囊膜,酌情行二期人工晶状体植入术,是处理严重PVR眼的一种较好方法.晶状体上皮细胞残留和积血的长期存在是晶状体前囊膜混浊的主要原因,硅油进入前房是玻璃体切除术中应用保留晶状体前囊膜技术的主要并发症之一.     

玻璃体切除硅油填充治疗儿童复杂性视网膜脱离

目的：观察玻璃体切除联合硅油填充（使用5000粘度硅油）治疗儿童复杂性视网膜脱离,并报道其解剖复位,视力改变及并发症,方法：回顾分析了69例69只眼15岁以下儿童行玻璃体切割联合硅油填充治疗情况。结果：视网膜复位情况,完全视网膜复位51／69（74％）,黄斑区视网膜复位56／69（81％）,视力改变：有用视力（≥0．02）占46／69（67％）,保留原术前视力或更好59／69（86％）,并发症：术后高眼压20／69（29％）,低眼压4／69（6％）,角膜改变9／69（13％）,白内障6／32（19％）,前部PVR或PVR再增殖21／69（30％）。结论：玻璃体切割联合硅油填充是治疗儿童复杂性视网膜脱离的有效方法,从视网膜复位,术后视力及术后并发症三方面来看,视网膜巨大裂孔组手术效果最佳,术后的前部PVR形成和PVR再增殖是造成视网膜再脱离的主要原因。     

晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术中保留晶状体前囊的研究观察

目的探讨晶状体玻璃体切除联合眼内硅油填充术中保留前囊的作用。方法用玻璃体视网膜手术联合硅油填充治疗了18例伴增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的视网膜脱离，术中采用经睫状体平坦部晶状体切除，并保留前囊。结果18例均保留了完整的晶状体前囊。术后随访6～24月，平均9．8月，无角膜变性发生。结论晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术中保留前囊可能减少术后角膜变性的发生率。     

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障行玻璃体切割术中两种联合术式的对比观察

目的探讨增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)合并白内障行玻璃体手术硅油填充联合超声乳化吸出术或晶状体切除术的临床疗效。方法对合并有不同程度的晶状体混浊和伴有累及后极部的牵拉性视网膜脱离或牵拉-孔源性视网膜脱离以及术中出现医源性裂孔的PDR患者共76例(86眼),在行玻璃体切除手术中,根据晶状体混浊程度,采用经睫状体平坦部切除晶状体保留前囊膜(2～3级核;46眼)作为玻璃体切除+晶状体切除术组或超声乳化手术摘出晶状体保留后囊膜(3级核以上;40眼)作为玻璃体切除+超声乳化吸出术组,一期不植入人工晶状体;完成玻璃体手术后予硅油填充。术后观察的指标包括:视力、眼压、前囊膜或后囊膜混浊情况、虹膜新生血管、虹膜粘连情况、视网膜复位情况以及二期人工晶状体植入情况。结果 2组患者的术后最佳矫正视力为0.05的为32眼、25眼,分别占69.6%和62.5%,2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2组出现高眼压眼分别为7眼和8眼,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组间在各级囊膜混浊程度上比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);2组中虹膜不同程度粘连于囊膜分别为5眼和6眼,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);超声乳化术组中发生虹膜新生血管2眼,在晶状体切除术组中为5眼,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);视网膜复位情况以及二期人工晶状体植入情况2组比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论玻璃体手术硅油填充联合超声乳化吸出术或晶状体切除术,术后酌情行二期人工晶状体植入,都是处理严重PDR合并白内障眼的较好方法。     

Prognostic factors associated with outcomes after giant retinal tear management using perfluorocarbon liquids

PURPOSE: To identify prognostic factors for visual acuity and anatomic outcomes associated with giant retinal tear management using intraoperative perfluorocarbon liquids. METHODS: All patients with giant retinal tears without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) who underwent management with intraoperative perfluorocarbon liquids between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS: The study included 115 patients (117 eyes), 93 (80.9%) males and 22 (19.1%) females, with a mean age of 30.3+/-15.2 years. Mean follow-up period was 29.7+/-26.7 months. Success rate with primary procedure was 78.6%, which increased to 94% with multiple surgeries. On univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with final visual acuity better than 20/200 included phakic/clear lens at presentation (p=0.0113), partial retinal detachment (p=0.0233), absence of all postoperative complications (p=0.0122), absence of recurrent retinal detachment (p=0.0406), and absence of postoperative PVR (p=0.0062). Logistic regression analysis highlighted that phakic/clear lens at presentation, unfolded flap of the giant tear, absence of postoperative cataract, and absence of postoperative PVR were associated with final visual acuity better than 20/200. On univariate analysis, use of gas tamponade was significantly associated with recurrent retinal detachment (p=0.0190). Logistic regression analysis highlighted that placement of an encircling scleral buckle and use of silicone oil tamponade were associated with anatomic reattachment with primary procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Encircling scleral buckling and silicone oil tamponade decrease the risk of recurrent retinal detachment.     

Vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade in the treatment of severely traumatized eyes with the visual acuity of no light perception

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade in the treatment of severely traumatized eyes with the visual acuity of no light perception (NLP).METHODS: This was a retrospective uncontrolled interventional case-series of 19 patients of severely traumatized eyes with NLP who underwent vitrectomy surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University (Qingdao, China) during a 3-year period. We recorded perioperative factors with the potential to influence functional outcome including duration from the injury to intervention; causes for ocular trauma; open globe or closed globe injury; grade of vitreous hemorrhage; grade of endophthalmitis; grade of retinal detachment; size and location of intraocular foreign body (IOFB); extent and position of retinal defect; grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR); type of surgery; perioperative complications and tamponade agent. The follow-up time was from 3 to 18 months, and the mean time was 12 months.RESULTS: After a mean follow-up period of 12 months (3-18 months) 10.53% (2/19) of eyes had visual acuity of between 20/60 and 20/400, 52.63% (10/19) had visual acuity less than 20/400 but more than NLP, and 36.84% (7/19) remained NLP. Visual acuity was improved from NLP to light perception (LP) or better in 63.16% (12/19) of eyes and the rate of complete retinal reattachment was 73.68% (14/19). Good visual acuity all resulted from those patients of blunt trauma with intact eyewall (closed globe injury). The perioperative factors of poor visual acuity prognosis included delayed intervention; open globe injury; endophthalmitis; severe retinal detachment; large IOFB; macular defect; a wide range of retinal defects and severe PVR.CONCLUSION:The main reasons of NLP after ocular trauma are severe vitreous hemorrhage opacity; refractive media opacity; retinal detachment; retinal and uveal damages and defects, especially defects of the macula; PVR and endophthalmitis. NLP after ocular trauma in some cases does not mean permanent vision loss. Early intervention of vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade and achieving retinal reattachment of the remaining retina, may make the severely traumatized eyes regain the VA of LP or better.     

保留晶状体的玻璃体视网膜手术治疗巨大视网膜裂孔

目的探讨保留透明晶状体的玻璃体视网膜手术治疗伴有增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferativevitreoretinopathy,PVR)的巨大视网膜裂孔(giant retinal tears,GRT)的手术方法及效果。方法对1997年7月至 1999年7月间30例GRT患者的31只患眼作回顾性分析。手术方法包括三通道睫状体平部玻璃体切割、膜剥离、视网膜切开与切除、全氟萘烷使用、眼内激光光凝、硅油或C₂F₆气体 填充。术中28只眼保留透明晶状体,术后追踪时间11～34个月(平均12.5个月)。结果GRT视网膜完全解剖复位29只眼,部分复位1 只眼,有效率为96.8%。硅油填充27只眼,平均6.0个月后行硅油取出,追踪6～19个月,26只眼视网膜全部复位,1只 眼失败。3只眼行白内障手术摘除,最终保留晶状体25只眼,其中并发晶状体后囊轻度混浊16 只眼。24只眼术后视力提高,占77.4%, 最好的矫正视力0.4。结论保留晶状体的玻璃体切割联合应用全氟萘烷液体及硅油填充可有效的提高伴有PVR的GRT 手术成功率及视力。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:93-95)     

硅油长期眼内填充的并发症及预后分析

目的:观察长期硅油填充眼的眼部改变,分析其长期填充的原因及预后。方法:回顾性分析我院硅油填充时间≥12mo的临床病例资料共44例,男31例,女13例,年龄27月龄～72岁。包括:外伤性视网膜脱离11例;眼球破裂伤11例;眼球穿通伤3例;球内异物5例;复发性视网膜脱离9例;增生性糖尿病视网膜病变5例。对硅油填充时间、视力、视网膜在位情况及眼部并发症等情况进行分析总结。结果:硅油填充时间为12mo～13a,平均34mo。视力提高者23例(52%),下降者8例,无改善者13例。37例(84%)视网膜完全复位,6例部分复位,1例未复位。并发症包括:并发性白内障10例;高眼压4例;低眼压2例;硅油乳化7例;带状角膜变性9例;角膜内皮失代偿3例;眼球萎缩3例;视神经萎缩2例;虹膜囊肿及结膜下囊肿各1例;无明显并发症者10例,占23%。结论:硅油长期眼内填充对于部分特殊病例具有一定的可行性及合理性,突出强调了术后定期随访复查的重要性。     

Prevention and control of proliferative vitreoretinopathy: primary retinal detachment surgery using silicone oil as a planned two-stage procedure in high-risk cases

AIMS: For rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, reattachment with a single procedure is associated with better visual outcomes. In the past, silicone oil has been used mostly as a last resort following failed primary surgery. This study evaluates a novel approach to patients at high risk of primary failure, using silicone tamponade as the primary stage of a planned two-stage procedure. METHODS: We report a series of 140 eyes that underwent primary surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients at higher risk of surgical failure (eg giant retinal tear, inability to posture, poor view, uncertainty of location of primary break, primary proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), multiple tears with rolled posterior edges, retinoschisis/detachment, staphyloma with macular hole) were managed by a planned staged procedure using primary silicone oil tamponade. This was followed by silicone removal at a later date. RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes underwent scleral buckling alone, with primary success in 52/54 (96%). Fifty-three eyes underwent vitrectomy and gas, achieving primary success in 50/53 (94%). Thirty-three eyes were classified high risk and managed with primary silicone. Silicone was safely removed in 22/25. In eight eyes, silicone was retained without attempt at removal. In total, primary retinal reattachment was achieved in 128 of 140 eyes (91.4%). Of these, 124 (97%) did not require long-term tamponade. Only four eyes (2.9%) developed PVR. DISCUSSION: A planned two-stage approach to highrisk cases of retinal detachment using primary silicone oil tamponade followed by silicone removal can achieve a high primary reattachment rate with less than 3% incidence of PVR.     

光学相干断层扫描在高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后的疗效评估

目的: 光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)评价高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后疗效评估。方法: 回顾性分析20例20眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离行玻璃体切除术后硅油填充的病例,术后平均随访7mo,随访时给予OCT检查,评估黄斑裂孔闭合及视网膜复位,记录最佳矫正视力情况。结果: 术后OCT表现有3种:黄斑裂孔闭合2眼(10%),黄斑裂孔未闭合但视网膜复位16眼(80%),黄斑裂孔未闭合伴视网膜浅脱离2眼(10%)。术后最佳矫正视力较术前有所提高,视力的提高与黄斑孔的解剖学复位情况密切相关。术后无严重并发症发生。结论: OCT用于高度近视黄斑裂孔硅油填充术后随访可以明确诊断黄斑裂孔闭合及视网膜复位情况,为硅油取出时机提供参考。     

Surgical treatment and outcome of patients with giant retinal tears

OBJECTIVE: To report the management and outcome in retinal detachments associated with giant retinal tears (GRTs). METHODS: Retrospective, case note analysis of patients treated between November 1991 and June 2002 at a tertiary referral hospital. RESULTS: The case notes of 29 patients (24 males, 5 females) with a follow-up ranging from five months to 7 years were reviewed. In all, 25 eyes had retinal detachments with macular involvement and 10 patients had myopia more than 6 D. All patients underwent vitrectomy. A total of 23 patients had heavy liquid and 16 had scleral explants; 28 patients had silicone oil and one had C3F8 tamponade. Intraoperative complications included lens trauma and iatrogenic GRT. Six eyes had recurrent retinal detachment and needed multiple surgical procedures. At the last follow-up, 25 patients had anatomically attached retinas. In all, 18 fellow eyes were treated prophylactically. Three patients had total retinal detachment and marked PVR. The visual acuity improved in 20 eyes. CONCLUSION: GRTs are more common in patients with high myopia. With newer techniques of surgical treatment of GRTs, the anatomical and visual outcomes are more favourable.