三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位射频热凝治疗顽固性三叉神经痛

目的：探讨三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位在三叉神经痛射频热凝治疗中的应用及手术技巧。方法：Hartel前入路穿刺法，仰卧位，对38例三叉神经痛病人，于射频热凝治疗术中应用三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位，以明确卵圆孔的位置，调整穿刺针的方向和深度，然后进行温控热凝射频治疗。结果：穿刺针均位于卵圆孔内，病人疼痛即刻缓解，无严重并发症发生。结论：三维CT及X线卵圆孔定位弥补了徒手穿刺的缺陷，提高了卵圆孔穿刺的成功率和精确性，增加了操作的安全性，降低了并发症的发生，具有一定的学术价值，可供临床推广应用。     

选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛可行性及价值探析

目的：探讨选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛可行性及价值。方法选取50例三叉神经痛患者作为临床研究对象，分别对50例患者进行侧入路或前入路卵圆孔、眶上孔入路和眶下孔入路射频热凝的治疗。在治疗过程中对前入路卵圆孔穿刺的治疗法进行改善，并分析讨论。结果50例三叉神经痛患者在经过手术治疗后，治疗效果显效的患者有40例；手术效果为有效的患者有8例；无效患者有2例，治疗总有效率为96%。治疗有效的患者在术后无严重并发症。结论选择性射频热凝治疗方法在三叉神经痛患者的治疗过程中起到很好的作用，不仅使治疗组中三叉神经痛患者治疗效果更好，还提高了手术过程的方便性，值得在临床中推广应用。     

头颅侧轴位穿刺卵圆孔的新方法用于射频治疗三叉神经痛

目的:探索头颅侧轴位显示颅底卵圆孔的新方法在射频治疗三叉神经痛中的临床应用价值?方法:选择原发性三叉神经痛患者30例,应用头颅侧轴位显示颅底卵圆孔的方法,采用Hartel前入路法,在透视下实时观察穿刺卵圆孔,进行三叉神经节射频治疗术?结果:30例手术成功率100%,卵圆孔穿刺过程在X线实时引导下进行,定位精确,均1次成功,没有误穿其他孔道?术后随访观察6~18个月,复发率3.3%,疗效满意?结论:头颅侧轴位显示颅底卵圆孔的新方法可在透视下实时引导,准确穿刺卵圆孔进行射频治疗三叉神经痛?     

低位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的临床观察

臂丛神经阻滞的入路很多,临床上采用的腋路臂丛神经阻滞易出现挠侧阻滞不全,传统肌间沟入路臂丛神经阻滞由于其穿刺点位置较高,常常出现上臂阻滞较完善而前臂及尺侧神经阻滞不全.我们采用低位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞取得了满意的效果,现报道如下.     

射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛

经皮穿刺半月神经节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛 880例 ,男 46 0例 ,女 42 0例 ,年龄 2 0～ 86岁 ,病程 2个月～ 40年 ,平均 6 3年。右侧 5 30例 ,左侧 348例 ,双侧 2例。本组病例为经正规药物治疗、甘油注射、无水酒精封闭及其他小手术治疗无效的患者 ,术后复发的患者 ,年老体弱、伴有冠心病不能耐受其他手术的患者。面部感染、肿瘤压迫性三叉神经痛 ,不应采用此手术。病人取卧位 ,卵圆孔穿刺采用前入路法时可取斜坡位 ,侧入路卵圆孔射频热凝治疗时可采取侧卧位 ,若 1支或单纯第 2支治疗时可采取仰卧位。采用北京电子医疗仪器厂射频仪Ⅰ型、美…     

基于CT测量指标的张力性气胸急救穿刺针合适长度及穿刺入路的研究

背景 张力性气胸最常用的一线急救装备是穿刺减压针.国外对于气胸穿刺针的长度有具体推荐数值,而我国目前尚缺乏相关研究及数据.目的 利用胸部CT影像测量的胸壁厚度数据,为制订适合中国人群的气胸穿刺减压针的长度及穿刺位置提供客观数据.方法 回顾分析2019年解放军总医院第一医学中心胸外科18～40岁不同性别住院患者的CT图像,使用美迪康图像存档和通信系统软件,分别测量左、右双侧前入路(锁骨中线第2肋间)穿刺点及侧入路(腋前线第5肋间)穿刺点的胸壁厚度(mm),并对数据进行统计学分析.结果 共纳入294例研究对象,男性135例,女性159例,平均年龄(33.76?±?5.41)岁.前入路胸壁厚度为13.20～69.09?mm,侧入路胸壁厚度为8.19～52.70?mm.对于同一侧而言,前入路平均胸壁厚度大于侧入路平均胸壁厚度[右侧(35.33?± 9.62)?mm?vs?(23.17?± 7.14)?mm,左侧(34.91?± 9.65)?mm?vs?(22.59?±7.43)?mm,P均<0.01].对同一测量点,女性平均胸壁厚度均大于男性[右侧前入路(36.57?±?10.11)?mm?vs?(33.88?±?8.83)?mm,右侧侧入路(24.53?±?7.84)?mm?vs?(21.55?±?5.85)?mm,左侧前入路(36.19?±?10.23)?mm?vs?(33.41?±?8.71)?mm,左侧侧入路(23.98?±8.15)?mm?vs?(20.95?±?6.11)?mm;P均<0.01];超重者[体质量指数(body?mass?index,BMI)?≥?24?kg/m2]平均胸壁厚度均大于非超重者(BMI<24?kg/m2)[右侧前入路(40.57?±?9.93)?mm?vs?(31.24?±?7.08)?mm,右侧侧入路(26.17?±?7.12)?mm?vs?(20.82?±6.24)?mm,左侧前入路(40.23?±?9.93)?mm?vs?(30.75?±?7.05)?mm,左侧侧入路(25.68?±?7.56)?mm?vs?(20.17?±?6.37)?mm;P均<0.01].胸壁厚度与BMI呈正相关?(P均<0.01).结论 穿刺针长度为70?mm时才能够保证穿刺成功,穿刺时需要综合考虑性别、BMI、入路等因素,侧入路可以作为张力性气胸穿刺减压的备选方案.     

再次经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的探讨再次经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法及疗效.方法分析昆钢医院2009年3月至2012年6月间85例腰椎间盘突出症患者,第1次经过经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切除术治疗,术后疗效不佳,根据患者椎间盘突出物的影像特点及病变椎间隙的影像特点,调整穿刺位置、穿刺角度、调整工作套管位置或对侧入路等方法再次采用经皮椎间盘切除术治疗.结果观察术后4个月至36个月不等,平均12.5月,总有效率96.43%.结论根据患者椎间盘突出物的影像特点及病变椎间隙的影像特点,选择恰当穿刺入路,正确的工作套管置管位置,准确的钳夹范围是提高经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切除术疗效的关键.     

胶原酶溶盘术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的三种不同穿刺方法比较

目的 比较观察三种不同穿刺方法注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症（腰突症）的临床疗效及优缺点。方法 将150例腰突症患者随机分为A组、B组和C组各50例,A组从小关节间隙（硬膜外腔前间旅）入路,B组经小关节内侧缘入路到侧隐窝。C组经椎板外切迹到侧隐窝。三组患者均注入胶原酶600U（3m1）。结果 三种不同穿刺方法注射胶原酶治疗腰突症的疗效及不良反应均无统计学差异。结论 经小关节内侧缘或椎板外切迹进路到侧隐窝的路径较长,穿刺及解剖位置复杂,操作技术有难度。而经小关节间隙（硬膜外腔侧入法）穿刺的路径较短。穿刺定位简单,是一种简便、易操作的有效方法。     

数字减影血管造影引导下两种路径射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经Ⅱ支痛的临床研究

目的比较数字减影血管造影（DSA）引导下经卵圆孔与经翼腭窝射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经11支痛的疗效及并发症。方法原发性三叉神经Ⅱ支痛的患者42例,随机分为两组。A组经卵圆孔入路20例,B组经翼腭窝人路22例,分别在DSA引导下穿刺到目标位置后行射频热凝术,记录治疗前、治疗后1d、3d、2个月、6个月、1年时的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、并发症发生率、复发率及生存质量评分（QOL）。结果两组患者治疗后的VAS评分均较治疗前降低（P〈0．05）;随访1年后,两组患者术后疗效、复发率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而并发症及QOL。差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论经两种不同的路径行原发性三叉神经11支痛射频热凝术,疼痛控制均较理想,疗效肯定;但与经翼腭窝人路相比,经卵圆孔入路并发症发生率高,QOL低。     

经颧颌点向卵圆孔穿刺的应用解剖研究

在５２例（１０４侧）正常成人颅骨上，测量了从颧颌点向卵圆孔穿刺的穿刺深度和角度。穿刺深度为５．１４±０．３４ｃｍ，针体与眼耳平面的夹角为２１．３±１．６°，针体与矢状面的夹角为１９．５±１．７°，颅长为１７．４±０．７７ｃｍ。所得数据经统计学分析，穿刺深度与颅长呈高度正相关（ｒ＝０．７７７５），其回归方程为ｙ＝０．３４４１ｘ－０．２３８４。此法为半月神经节穿刺提出了新的可行入路。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.