表皮生长因子受体基因突变和切除修复交叉互补蛋白1蛋白表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变和切除修复交叉互补蛋白1(ERCC1)蛋白表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法收集2010年3月至2011年6月在南阳市第一人民医院及新乡医学院第一附属医院手术治疗的160例肺腺癌患者的肺腺癌组织标本,应用扩增阻滞突变系统在荧光定量聚合酶链反应仪上检测EGFR基因19及21外显子突变情况,同时采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中ERCC1蛋白表达,分析EGFR基因突变、ERCC1蛋白表达与肺腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果 EGFR基因突变在女性、无吸烟史、肿瘤直径<5 cm患者中较高(P<0.05),而与肺腺癌患者的年龄、病理分期及淋巴结转移情况无关(P>0.05);ERCC1蛋白表达与病理分期有关(P<0.05),与患者的性别、年龄、是否吸烟、肿瘤直径及淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05)。EGFR基因发生突变的肺腺癌病理组织中ERCC1蛋白低表达者多,EGFR基因未发生突变的肺腺癌病理组织中ERCC1低表达较少,二者比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.253,P<0.01)。EGFR突变阳性患者的无进展生存期(PFS)长于EGFR突变阴性患者(χ~2=9.567,P<0.01);ERCC1蛋白低表达患者的PFS长于ERCC1蛋白高表达患者(χ~2=10.025,P<0.01)。结论肺腺癌EGFR突变者ERCC1蛋白倾向于低表达,存在EGFR基因突变或者ERCC1蛋白低表达的患者PFS更长。     

肺腺癌MSCT征象与EGFR突变、Ki-67表达水平的相关性研究

目的探讨肺腺癌多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变、Ki-67表达水平的相关性。方法收集2017年1月至2017年12月于我院就诊且行MSCT检查128例肺腺癌患者的临床及影像学资料,记录所有患者EGFR突变、Ki-67表达水平及MSCT征象情况,并比较不同患者间MSCT征象情况。结果 128例肺腺癌患者MSCT征象中有胸膜凹陷征52例,瘤肺边界不清晰58例,毛刺佂56例,分叶佂68例,空泡征60例,胸腔积液55例,实性结节型肺腺癌80例和亚实性肺腺癌48例。有EGFR突变阳性60例和EGFR突变阴性68例,Ki-67高表达52例和低表达76例。EGFR突变的阳性率与瘤肺边界、毛刺佂、分叶佂、空泡征和胸腔积液无明显相关性,但存在胸膜凹陷佂和亚实性结节型肺腺癌患者其EGF突变的阳性率显著高于无胸膜凹陷佂和实性结节型肺腺癌患者(P0.05);而Ki-67的表达与MSCT征象无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论 Ki-67表达与肺腺癌MSCT征象无相关,而EGFR突变与MSCT征象中的肿瘤结节类型与胸膜凹陷佂有着密切相关性,故准确分析和辨别肺腺癌患者MSCT征象中肿瘤结节类型与胸膜凹陷佂有利于监测其EGFR突变和预估其预后情况。     

NSCLC患者Ki-67表达与EGFR19或21突变的关系及对预后的影响

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者Ki-67表达与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)19或21突变的关系及对预后的影响.方法 选取天津市儿童医院和天津医科大学肿瘤医院100例NSCLC患者为研究对象,对NSCLC患者肿瘤组织样品进行Ki-67免疫组织化学染色及EGFR19或21突变检测.比较不同EG-FR19或21突变类型NSCLC患者Ki-67表达差异,采用Cox回归分析探讨NSCLC患者预后的影响因素.结果 Ki-67呈黄色或深棕黄色颗粒,定于细胞质;EGFR19或21野生型42例,其中Ki-67阳性36例;EG-FR19或21突变型58例,其中Ki-67阳性24例;与野生组比较,突变组Ki-67蛋白表达阳性率明显降低(P<0.05).EGFR19或21野生型、突变型与年龄相关性不明显(P>0.05);与淋巴血管间隙浸润、病理学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、复发、肿瘤最大径相关,且有淋巴血管间隙浸润、病理学分期越高、TNM分期越高、有淋巴结转移、浸润深度越深、有复发、肿瘤最大径 ≥5 cm,EGFR19或21野生型比例越高(P<0.05).EGFR19或21突变型NSCLC患者3年生存率及生存期均明显高于EGFR19或21野生型NSCLC患者(P<0.05).TNM高分期、Ki-67阳性表达、EGFR19/21基因野生型是影响NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 EGFR19或21野生型NSCLC患者Ki-67阳性率表达高,预后差;TNM高分期、Ki-67阳性表达、EGFR19/21基因野生型是影响NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素.     

NSCLC患者Ki-67表达与EGFR19或21突变的关系及对预后的影响

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者Ki-67表达与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)19或21突变的关系及对预后的影响.方法 选取天津市儿童医院和天津医科大学肿瘤医院100例NSCLC患者为研究对象,对NSCLC患者肿瘤组织样品进行Ki-67免疫组织化学染色及EGFR19或21突变检测.比较不同EG-FR19或21突变类型NSCLC患者Ki-67表达差异,采用Cox回归分析探讨NSCLC患者预后的影响因素.结果 Ki-67呈黄色或深棕黄色颗粒,定于细胞质;EGFR19或21野生型42例,其中Ki-67阳性36例;EG-FR19或21突变型58例,其中Ki-67阳性24例;与野生组比较,突变组Ki-67蛋白表达阳性率明显降低(P<0.05).EGFR19或21野生型、突变型与年龄相关性不明显(P>0.05);与淋巴血管间隙浸润、病理学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、复发、肿瘤最大径相关,且有淋巴血管间隙浸润、病理学分期越高、TNM分期越高、有淋巴结转移、浸润深度越深、有复发、肿瘤最大径 ≥5 cm,EGFR19或21野生型比例越高(P<0.05).EGFR19或21突变型NSCLC患者3年生存率及生存期均明显高于EGFR19或21野生型NSCLC患者(P<0.05).TNM高分期、Ki-67阳性表达、EGFR19/21基因野生型是影响NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 EGFR19或21野生型NSCLC患者Ki-67阳性率表达高,预后差;TNM高分期、Ki-67阳性表达、EGFR19/21基因野生型是影响NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素.     

结直肠癌HER2及Ki-67表达的关系及预后因素分析

目的 探讨人表皮生长因子受体2 (HER2)和细胞增殖核抗原(Ki-67)在结直肠癌发病机制中的作用及其对患者预后的影响.方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测71例结直肠癌组织和30例癌旁正常组织中HER2、Ki-67的表达情况,分析其表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系.结果 HER2在癌组织中阳性表达率(32.4％)高于癌旁组织(10.0％),Ki-67在癌组织中阳性表达率(85.9％)高于癌旁组织(6.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HER2表达与肿瘤分化程度、有无淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移数目、TNM分期有关(P＜0.05);Ki-67表达与肿瘤浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移数目、TNM分期有关(P＜0.05).HER2、Ki-67在结直肠癌组织中表达呈正相关(r=0.515,P=0.001).HER2阳性患者和阴性患者术后5年无病生存率分别为48.4％ 、80.8％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ki-67高表达患者和低表达患者术后5年无病生存率分别为56.5％、85.5％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HER2阳性患者和阴性患者术后5年生存率分别为60.9％、80.8％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ki-67高表达患者和低表达患者术后5年生存率分别为63.9％、85.5％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).单因素分析显示,肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移、转移淋巴结数目、TNM分期、HER2和Ki-67表达情况与患者的预后均有关(P＜0.05).Cox多因素分析结果显示,浸润深度、TNM分期为影响患者预后的独立因素.结论 在结直肠癌发生、发展过程中伴随着HER2和Ki-67的表达,HER2和Ki-67阳性者5年无病生存率及5年生存率明显降低.     

大肠癌组织中CD105和Ki-67的表达及其临床病理学意义

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中CD105和Ki-67的表达及其意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学PV-9000法检测50例大肠癌组织和10例正常大肠黏膜组织中CD105和Ki-67的表达,检测肿瘤内微血管密度(MVD)以及计算增殖指数(PI).结果 Ki-67和CD105在大肠癌组织中呈高表达(51.34±24.44,16.44±6.33),与正常黏膜组织中的表达(21.10±8.66,4.00±1.25 )相比较,差异有极显著的统计学意义(P<0.01).Ki-67的表达与大肠癌的分化程度、临床分期和淋巴结的转移有关,有显著统计学意义(P<0.05).MVD与大肠癌的分化程度、临床分期有关(P<0.05),但与淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05).Ki-67在大肠癌高微血管密度组的表达(68.28±16.91)明显高于低微血管密度组(30.59±13.90),差异非常显著(P<0.01),Ki-67的表达与MVD呈正相关(r=0.28,P<0.01)).结论 CD105和Ki-67在大肠腺癌的发生发展中起着重要作用,并且同时检测两者的表达对大肠腺癌的抗血管治疗和判断其预后有一定应用价值.     

肺腺癌新分类与表皮生长因子受体基因突变之间的关系

目的：探讨肺腺癌新分类与表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变之间的关系。方法：共纳入中日友好医院2010年3月至2014年12月经手术肺切除术后且病理证实为浸润性肺腺癌患者94例,对其进行EGFR基因突变检测;入组患者均按照2011 年国际肺癌研究学会（Intemational Association for the Study of Lung Cancer,IASLC)、美国胸科学会（American Thoracic Society,ATS）和欧洲呼吸学会（European Respiratory Society,ERS）分类方法进行肺腺癌亚型分类,分析肺腺癌新分类与EGFR基因突变之间的关系;采用SPSS 20.0统计软件卡方检验分析,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：入组的94例肺腺癌患者,男、女患者均为47例;年龄24～79岁,中位年龄61岁,60岁及以上48例,60岁以下46例;既往或现在吸烟者34例,不吸烟者60例。根据病理分期,Ⅰ期患者34例,Ⅱ期患者17例,Ⅲ期24例,Ⅳ期19例。EGFR基因外显子19突变例数22,外显子20突变例数2,外显子21突变例数26,外显子10和21同时突变例数1,入组患者EGFR基因总突变率为54.3%（51/94）,其中腺泡状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变例数24例,伏壁状为主型肺腺癌14例,乳头状为主型肺腺癌与实体状为主型肺腺癌均为5例,微乳头状为主型肺腺癌3例,黏液腺癌为0;腺泡状为主型肺腺癌较非腺泡状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变率高,但差异无统计学意义(66.7% vs. 46.6%, P=0.057);实体状为主型肺腺癌较非实体状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变率低,差异有统计学意义（26.3% vs. 61.3%, P=0.005）;黏液腺癌较非黏液腺癌EGFR基因突变率低,差异有统计学意义(0 vs. 57.3%, P=0.018)。结论：不同的病理亚型肺腺癌EGFR突变率存在差异,其中腺泡状为主型肺腺癌较非腺泡状为主型肺腺癌的EGFR基因突变发生率高,实性为主型肺腺癌较非实性为主肺腺癌 EGFR突变发生率低,黏液腺癌较非黏液腺癌EGFR基因突变率低。     

胃癌脉管内癌栓中EGFRc-Met和Ki-67的相关性分析

目的:分析胃癌患者脉管内癌栓与EGFR、c-Met和Ki-67表达的关系及其对疾病预后影响.方法:检测EGFR、c-Met和Ki-67在88例胃癌组织,其中包括脉管内癌栓阳性者39例中的表达情况,分析脉管内癌栓阳性组与阴性组患者1年及3年生存率的差异.结果:脉管内癌栓阳性组中EG-FR、c-Met和Ki-67的强阳性表达率均高于脉管内癌栓阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).脉管内癌栓阴性患者1年、3年生存率高于同期阳性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:EGFR、c-Met和Ki-67的表达与脉管内癌栓及患者预后密切相关,脉管内癌栓是胃癌患者预后不良的标志.     

环氧化酶-2、表皮生长因子受体与Ki-67在鼻咽癌中表达的临床病理意义

目的 探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)及Ki-67 的表达在鼻咽癌发展过程中的联系,为鼻咽癌的个体化治疗提供研究的线索.方法 随机抽取86例鼻咽癌病例进行EGFR、COX-2及Ki-67的免疫组化染色,观察其组织学形态改变.结果 COX-2及EGFR在鼻咽癌的表达率分别为 70.9%(61/86)和72.1%(62/86);且均在T分期(T1、T2、T3)中差异有统计学意义(COX-2:P=0.012,EGFR:P=0.016).COX-2及EGFR的表达得分之间呈正相关(r=0.213,P=0.049).COX-2与EGFR的共表达率为53.5%(46/86),在T分期中的差异也有统计学意义(2=9.801,P=0.007).另外,Ki-67 的表达在T分期中差异有统计学意义(P=0.002).COX-2与Ki-67、EGFR与 Ki-67之间的关系无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 COX-2与EGFR在鼻咽癌中的表达和共表达与T分期相关.COX-2与EGFR的免疫表达强度之间存在密切联系,两者在鼻咽癌发展过程的作用及其相互联系的机制值得深入研究,从而为鼻咽癌的个体化治疗提供进一步研究的基础.     

肺腺癌EGFR突变患者一线化疗与靶向治疗生存分析

目的 对肺腺癌EGFR19号外显子缺失和EGFR21号外显子突变患者一线化疗和靶向治疗进行生存分析.方法 回顾性收集番禺中心医院就诊的101例肺腺癌患者资料,筛选出45例已做EGFR检测的患者,分析EGFR基因突变与临床各病理参数之间的关系.在45例EGFR基因突变患者中,筛选出19例19号外显子缺失和14例21号外显子突变患者,分别分析其一线化疗和靶向治疗生存状况.结果 19号外显子缺失患者的中位总生存期(OS)为11.2个月,较21号外显子突变者的10.3个月长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);19号外显子缺失患者靶向治疗的OS为12.2个月,较一线化疗的10.1个月长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);21外显子突变患者靶向治疗的OS为11.5个月,较一线化疗的8.3个月时间长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在肺腺癌EGFR19号外显子缺失和EGFR21外显子突变患者中,靶向治疗总生存时间较一线化疗的总生存时间长.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.