青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后放射学参数和SRS-22评测结果的相关性研究

目的 探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)术后患者放射学参数与SRS-22量表各维度得分的相关性.方法 95例术后患者(13男,82女)分为2组:胸弯组64例,胸腰弯/腰弯组31例,平均随访时问为2.8年.所有患者行脊柱全长正侧位检查,并填写一份SRS-22量表.在脊柱全长正侧位片上测量放射学参数,计算AIS患者放射学参数与SRS一22四个维度得分间的Spearman等级相关系数(rs).结果 脊柱力线偏移、胸椎后凸角和腰椎前凸角这三个参数与SRS-22各维度得分不存在相关性.胸腰弯/腰弯组的主侧凸残余Cobb角与SRS-22各维度得分同样不存在相关性.胸弯组主侧凸残余Cobb角与自我形象维度得分呈负相关(rs=-0.411,P=0.001).结论 主侧凸为胸弯的AIS术后患者残余Cobb角越大,其SRS-22量表自我形象维度的得分越低.应当尽可能多地矫正胸弯的畸形以改善患者的外观.     

成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者SRS-22简体中文版问卷评分的影响因素分析

目的:探讨临床及影像学参数对成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱侧凸研究协会22项(SRS-22)量表简体中文版问卷评分的影响.方法:2008年1月～2012年12月109例无支具及手术治疗史的成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受SRS-22简体中文版的问卷调查.男17例,女92例;年龄19～40岁,平均24.8岁.冠状面主弯Cobb角16°～102°,平均37.3°.分析SRS-22各维度得分及亚总分与年龄、体重指数、主弯Cobb角及矢状面平衡间的相关性,并分别比较年轻(＜30岁)与年长(≥30岁)、小角度(Cobb角＜40°)与大角度(Cobb角≥40°)、胸弯与胸腰/腰弯以及男性与女性患者间SRS-22评分差异.结果:年龄与SRS-22亚总分、疼痛、心理状况及功能维度得分负相关(r分别为-0.35、-0.50、-0.31、-0.21,P＜0.05);体重指数与疼痛得分负相关(r=-0.23,P＜0.05);主弯Cobb角与SRS-22亚总分、自我形象及功能维度得分负相关(r分别为-0.31、-0.49、-0.30,P＜0.05);矢状面平衡与功能维度得分负相关(r=-0.26,P＜0.05).年长患者SRS-22亚总分、疼痛及心理得分低于年轻患者(P＜0.05).大角度患者SRS-22亚总分、自我形象及功能维度得分低于小角度患者(P＜0.05).胸弯患者自我形象及心理维度得分低于胸腰/腰弯患者(P＜0.05).女性患者的疼痛维度得分明显低于男性(P＜0.05),其余参数及得分无统计学差异.结论:年龄、侧凸Cobb角、体重指数、躯干矢状面平衡可影响成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者SRS-22简体中文版问卷不同维度得分.胸弯患者自我形象及心理受侧凸的影响较腰弯患者更大,女性患者对疼痛的耐受性低于男性.     

城乡差异对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后生存质量评价的影响

目的:明确城市和农村青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者术后生存质量评价的差异并探讨其原因.方法:将117例AIS术后患者(男16例,女101例)分为两组,城市组62例,农村组55例,平均随访时间3.1年.两组患者在性别、年龄、随访时间、主弯所在节段、术前主弯Cobb角.术后主弯残余Cobb角等方面无显著差异(P>0.05),经济状况存在显著差异(P<0.05).所有患者填写一份简体中文版SRS-22量表,比较两组间量表单个维度和单个条目得分的差别.结果:城市组治疗满意度维度的得分高于农村组,而自我形象/外观维度的得分低于农村组(P<0.05).两组功能,活动度、疼痛和精神健康维度的得分无显著差异(P>0.05).两组功能/活动度维度的条目12、15、18,自我形象/外观维度的条目4、6、10,以及治疗满意度维度的条目22的得分有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:城乡差异会影响AIS患者术后生存质量的评测结果,使用SRS-22量表评测患者生存质量时需考虑该因素的影响.     

当前城乡差异对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后SRS-22评分的影响

[目的]采用简体中文版脊柱侧凸研究学会22项(Scoliosis Research Society-22,SRS-22)量表对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者术后生存质量进行评估,探讨当前城乡差异对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后SRS-22量表评分的影响及其原因。[方法]将128例AIS术后患者分为两组,城市组68例(男14例,女54例),农村组60例(男11例,女49例),平均随访时间4.2年。两组在性别、年龄、随访时间、术前主弯Cobb角、末次随访残余Cobb角等方面差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。所有患者均填写一份简体中文版SRS-22量表,比较两组SRS-22量表中各个条目和各个维度得分以及总得分之间的差异。[结果]城市组与农村组在功能/活动度维度条目12、15、18,自我形象/外观维度条目4、6、10、14上的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);城市组自我形象/外观维度的得分低于农村组(P<0.05);两组在功能/活动度、疼痛、精神健康、治疗满意度维度的得分及总得分方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]当前城乡差异仍会对AIS患者术后SRS-22量表的评分结果产生影响且结果具有新的特征,使用SRS-22量表对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后生存质量进行评估时仍不能忽略当前城乡差异的影响。     

马方综合征脊柱侧凸患者术前SRS-22、SF-36问卷心理健康评分分析:与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的比较

背景:脊柱畸形不仅影响青少年的外观,还会影响患者的心理健康。但关于马方综合征脊柱侧凸(MSS)畸形对青少年心理健康影响的文献报道并不多。目的:分析接受矫形手术的MSS患者术前SRS-22问卷和SF-36问卷中的心理健康评分情况,并与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者进行比较。方法:回顾分析2010年9月至2014年8月在我院接受手术治疗的28例MSS患者的SRS-22问卷及SF-36问卷结果,其中男7例,女21例;术时年龄11~19岁,平均14.8岁。选取同期收治的56例AIS患者的资料进行配比,男7例,女49例;年龄11~17岁,平均14.3岁。比较两组患者的临床及影像学参数、SRS-22问卷和SF-36问卷中的心理健康评分的差异。结果:MSS组与AIS组患者SRS-22问卷心理健康平均得分分别为3.6±0.5和3.8±0.6,总得分分别为17.8±2.7和19.2±3.0。MSS组与AIS组患者SF-36心理健康最终得分分别为66.3±11.4和71.9±10.3。上述SRS-22问卷及SF-36问卷心理健康得分组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。得分差异主要来自于SRS-22问卷的Q20和SF-36问卷的Q9.8,其他问题得分差异无统计学意义。MSS组患者的上述心理健康评分与患者年龄、身高、体重指数、术前剃刀背高度、主弯冠状面Cobb角、顶椎偏距、术前冠状面躯干平衡情况、术前双肩及骨盆失平衡情况和矢状面胸后凸均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:手术治疗的MSS患者的心理健康状况评分低于AIS患者,这种差异主要来源于问卷中有关愉快感受方面。MSS患者的心理健康状况评分与患者侧凸的临床及影像学参数无明显相关性。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸改良色努支具应用研究

[目的]评估改良色努支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的疗效。[方法]30例AIS患者应用改良色努支具进行治疗,其中男5例,女25例,平均随访12个月。记录初次就诊和末次随诊时躯干倾斜角、Cobb角、VAS评分和SRS-22得分。[结果]AIS患者躯干倾斜角治疗前平均为10.0°,改良色努支具治疗后平均为7.7°,差异有统计学意义(t=2.114,P=0.040)。Cobb角治疗前平均为33.7°,治疗后平均为26.2°,差异有明显统计学意义(t=2.867,P=0.006)。SRS-22量表中自我形象维度得分治疗前平均为3.20,治疗后平均为3.61,差异有明显统计学意义(t=-2.714,P=0.009)。改良色努支具治疗前后,AIS患者在VAS评分、功能活动、疼痛、心理健康维度得分差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。AIS患者对治疗的满意程度维度得分平均为4.12。[结论]改良色努支具能有效地控制青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形的进展,改善躯干外观,对患者的生活质量没有消极影响。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸严重程度和弯型与SRS-22问卷评分的相关性分析

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)不同弯型及不同Cobb角与SRS-22问卷各维度评分的相关性。方法:对2010年6月~2011年7月在我科就诊且填写SRS-22简体中文版问卷的272例未经任何治疗的女性AIS患者进行回顾性分析。根据冠状面Cobb角将所有患者分为小Cobb角(20°~39°)和大Cobb角(40°~75°)两组,并根据弯型特征将每组患者分为单胸弯、单胸腰弯/腰弯、双胸弯、胸腰双弯四个亚组。对同一Cobb角组内不同弯型亚组间和不同Cobb角组间同一弯型患者的SRS-22问卷各维度评分差异均采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。结果:小Cobb角组单胸弯和单胸腰弯/腰弯患者的功能活动、自我形象、精神健康评分明显高于大Cobb角组的患者(P<0.05),双胸弯患者的功能活动评分和总分均显著优于大Cobb角组的患者(P<0.05)。在小Cobb角组中,单胸弯患者的功能活动评分显著高于单胸腰弯/腰弯和胸腰双弯患者(P<0.05);自我形象评分双胸弯患者明显低于单胸弯患者和单胸腰弯/腰弯患者(P<0.05)。在大Cobb角组中,胸腰双弯患者的疼痛评分明显低于单胸弯患者(P<0.05);自我形象评分双胸弯患者明显低于其他三种弯型患者(P<0.05)。结论:在轻中度女性AIS中,Cobb角大小及弯型特征对患者的SRS-22问卷评分会造成一定程度的影响,其中双胸弯对患者的自我形象评分的影响尤为明显。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后生活质量的影响因素分析

[目的]分析各因素对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后生活质量的综合影响,为提高患者生活质量提供参考。[方法]选择2011年1月~2015年1月在本院手术的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者79例,之前均未接受任何治疗,详细统计患者性别、年龄、居住地、胸弯Cobb角、腰弯Cobb角、冠状面C_7铅垂线与骶骨正中线距离、矢状面C_7铅垂线与骶骨后上角距离、顶椎旋转度、双肩平衡等,采用SRS-30生活质量问卷进行评估,而后用多重线性回归模型预测各因素与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后生活质量的相关性。[结果]患者术后均获得不同程度改善,术后胸弯Cobb角平均20.7°,腰弯Cobb角平均12.8°,双肩高度差平均6.8 mm,C_7PL-CSVL平均13.7 mm,SVA平均22.9 mm,术后患者生活质量总分128.3分,各维度平均得分分别为疼痛(4.53)、心理(4.46)、功能/活动(3.73)、自我形象(4.28)、满意度(4.45)。男性患者在功能/活动维度(P=0.05)及满意度(P=0.037)上得分显著高于女性患者,城乡患者间得分无明显差异。[结论]不同影响因素对SRS-30问卷各个维度的影响权重各异,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后的生活质量是各个因素综合作用的结果。     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者自我形象评估的相关影响因素分析

目的:探讨女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者自我形象评估的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月～2011年3月在我院就诊的252例女性AIS患者,年龄12～18岁,平均14.5±1.8岁。均摄取患者站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,并独立填写一份简体中文版SRS-22问卷。在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量Cobb角、顶椎旋转度、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、脊柱冠状面力线偏移及脊柱矢状面力线偏移等参数。采用相关分析研究各临床指标与自我形象评分的相关性。结果:患者平均Cobb角35.5°±12.8°;平均顶椎旋转度2.0°±0.7°;平均胸椎后凸角16.2°±9.0°;平均腰椎前凸角51.3°±9.8°;平均脊柱冠状面力线偏移1.2±0.7cm;平均脊柱矢状面力线偏移2.4±1.5cm;平均体重指数18.3±2.2;平均自我形象评分16.7±2.8分。胸弯和胸腰弯/腰弯的自我形象评分均与主弯Cobb角有相关性(r分别为-0.171,-0.225,P均<0.05);其中大角度胸弯组呈显著相关(r=-0.484,P=0.005)。而其他参数与患者自我形象评估均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:女性AIS患者的自我形象主要受主弯Cobb角的影响,其中大角度胸弯患者的自我形象受主弯Cobb角的影响最大。     

性别对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者支具治疗效果的影响

目的:比较男、女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者支具治疗的效果,探讨性别因素对支具治疗效果的影响。方法:2003年7月~2009年7月在我院完成支具治疗的男性AIS患者19例(A组),初诊时平均年龄14.0±2.0岁,平均主弯Cobb角28.8°±5.7°,初始Boston支具治疗6例,Milwaukee支具治疗13例;随机抽取同时期完成支具治疗的女性AIS患者57例(B组),初诊时平均年龄13.0±1.4岁,平均主弯Cobb角29.4°±6.1°,初始Boston支具治疗17例,Milwaukee支具治疗40例。定义末次随访时Cobb角大于初诊6°或治疗期间建议行矫形手术者为侧凸进展。结果:两组初诊时Risser征(P=0.786)、Cobb角(P=0.790)、弯型分布(P=0.350)和应用支具类型分布(P=0.350)等无显著性差异。A组和B组平均支具治疗时长分别为2.1±0.7年和2.5±0.9年,平均依从性分别为84.4%±7.6%和87.1%±5.7%。A组患者中发生侧凸进展8例(42%),其中需手术治疗者6例(32%);B组中侧凸进展12例(21%),其中需手术治疗者10例(18%)。男性患者侧凸进展比例高于女性,但统计学差异不明显(P=0.071)。两组中,生长发育状态低下、侧凸Cobb角大及主胸弯型患者侧凸进展比例高。结论:支具治疗可有效控制多数AIS患者的侧凸进展,女性患者支具治疗效果可能好于男性患者。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。