认知功能训练对脑卒中后认知障碍患者康复疗效的研究

[目的]研究认知功能训练对脑卒中后认知障碍患者康复的疗效.[方法]将96例合并有认知障碍的脑卒中患者随机分为训练组和对照组,训练组在常规康复的基础上给予认知康复训练,对照组予以常规康复训练,训练时同为2个月.在训练前、训练后1个月及2个月分别用简易智能状态检查(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)量表、Fugl-Meyer量表及改良Barthel指数对患者认知、运动功能分级及日常生活活动能力进行评定.[结果]两组患者训练前认知、运动功能分级及日常生活活动能力差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者训练1个月对Fugl-Meyer量表评分及Barthel指数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).MMSE评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2个月时,两组患者之间MMSE、Fugl-Meyer量表及Barthel指教差异有统计学意义(P＜0.025).[结论]对于合并有认知障碍的脑卒中患者,同时给予认知康复训练和常规康复训练,有利于其认知功能、运动功能和日常生活活动能力的改善,有助于患者的全面康复.     

SERUM LIPIDS AND OTHER CORONARY RISK FACTORS IN SYDNEY BLOOD DONORS: A COMPARISON WITH OTHER AUSTRALIAN SUBJECTS

The distribution of body weight, body weight index, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum urate and systolic blood pressure are given for 600 male and 400 female Sydney blood donors, aged 20 to 49. The mean values rise with age but to different degrees and at different rates for each sex. The prevalence of high values of two or more variables also rises with age. Comparisons with findings in other Australian surveys show the high levels of risk factors for coronary disease in all the Australian populations so far studied and reported.     

DIVISION, DUPLICATION AND NEGLECT: PATTERNS OF CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC DISORDERS

The care of forty-four children with chronic arthropathies (usually juvenile rheumatoid arthritis) was studied by parental interview. The goal was to determine parents' perceptions of how management responsibilities are shared between primary physicians and specialists. Responses to questions about each of nine specific areas of care, ranging from diagnosis and treatment of the chronic disorder to the care of minor, acute illnesses, enabled the investigators to determine which physician had assumed major responsibility for each area. The results suggest a pattern whereby basic care is either divided or duplicated, but with many of the supportive aspects of care neglected in a high proportion of families. A comparison of these results with those of a similar study of children with meningomyelocele provides support for the view that such patterns are typical of the care of most children with chronic disorders.     

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE CLASS I IN FRANCE: COMPARISON WITH OTHER POPULATIONS, AND DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO GENDER AND AGE

In Caucasians, a genetic polymorphism is known for some alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) systems (ß and     

消费者和食品企业对食用色素的认识及使用情况调查

本文报告了用随机抽样方法调查344 名消费者和14 家食品企业对食用色素的认识及使用现状, 结果表明消费者中54.36% 的人对食用色素认识水平较高, 并相对集中于干部和工人, 对食品着色的认识, 消费者与食品企业之间存在一定的差异。对天然色素的认识, 消费者与食品企业趋于一致, 表明天然色素在我国有推广应用前景。调查中发现色素使用中突出问题是抽检的樱桃罐头色素用量超标, 并提出卫生管理对策     

MUSLIM CULTURE AND FEMALE SELF-IMMOLATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL WOMEN'S HEALTH RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

Self-immolation among young Muslim women in parts of the Middle East and Central Asia increasingly is becoming a cause of death and disability. Very little is known about this phenomenon. Thus, in this article we (1) examine, from the perspective of Muslim culture, the phenomenon of self-immolation among young Islamic women in the Muslim countries of Central Asia and the Middle East; (2) describe current international activities regarding Islamic female self-immolation; and (3) discuss the implications of Islamic female self-immolation for global women's heath research and practice.     

不同麻醉方法用于高血压患者腹腔镜快通道手术的对照研究

目的比较不同麻醉方法用于高血压患者腹腔镜手术对患者血流动力学及术后苏醒的影响。方法 80例ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级行腹腔镜手术的原发性高血压患者,随机均分为两组,Ⅰ组采用全凭静脉麻联合硬膜外阻滞;Ⅱ组采用静吸复合全麻,每组40例。观察两组麻醉前(T0)、麻醉诱导后(T1)、气管插管时(T2)、气腹后(T3)、拔管时(T4)及离室时(T5)SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2以及两组术毕自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间及不良反应(如术中知晓、术后躁动、恶心、呕吐、肩背痛等)。结果两组SBP、DBP、HRT1较T0时均有所降低(p<0.05);Ⅱ组T2时HR明显增快(p<0.05),T3时SBP、DBP、HR和T4、T5时SBP、DBP明显高于Ⅰ组(p<0.05);术毕自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组明显缩短(p<0.01);Ⅰ组有2例发生术中知晓,Ⅱ组有3例拔管时发生躁动。结论全凭静脉麻联合硬膜外阻滞可为高血压患者腹腔镜手术提供更加平稳的血流动力学环境和更短的苏醒时间,值得临床推广应用。     

MATERNAL USE OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS DURING PREGNANCY AND BIRTH ABNORMALITIES: FURTHER RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

This paper presents an extended analysis of data produced duringa prospective study of the possible association between maternalalcohol use during pregnancy and fetal harm. This new analysisexamines the possible links between not only maternal alcoholconsumption, but also the use of tobacco, prescribed and illicitdrugs and birth abnormalities. There was no general associationbetween birth abnormalities and maternal psychoactive drug useand misuse. Even so, women who neither smoked nor consumed alcoholduring the first trimester produced offspring with significantlyfewer birth abnormalities than did those who drank heavily andsmoked cigarettes.     

魔芋精粉与几种常用膳食纤维降血脂效果比较及机理探讨

用含胆固醇1％、胆盐0.25％、猪油5％的高脂饲料喂饲健康雄性大鼠,诱发高脂血症的同时分别加入5％的魔芋精粉、果胶、褐藻胶及琼脂,观察此四种膳食纤维对大鼠生长、血清脂质含量、肝脏脂质含量及肝脏组织病理的不同影响,并通过测定粪中酸性固醇的排泄量来观察它们对胆汁酸代谢的影响。结果表明:1)四种膳食纤维均能有效地降低进食高脂膳食大鼠的空腹血清总胆固醇含量,对空腹血甘油三酯水平无影响;2)魔芋精粉能较其余三种膳食纤维更有效地降低肝脏组织脂质含量,包括胆固醇及甘油三酯。肝组织病理学检查亦显示魔芋精粉减轻肝脂变效果最佳;3)四种膳食纤维均能增加粪中胆汁酸尤其是鹅脱氧胆酸的排泄量,推测这可能是它们降低机体脂质的机理之一;4)四种膳食纤维在5％摄入水平对大鼠摄食及生长无不良影响。     

A COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL-RELATED PANCREATITIS AND CIRRHOSIS

A muitifactorial study of 58 variables of alcohol, dietary andtobacco habits of 106 chronic alcoholic and normal subjectswas conducted over 2 years. The alcoholic population includedsubjects with either calcifying chronic pancreatitis (CCP) orcirrhosis (Ci). A standardized, previously validated questionnairewas used to investigate dietary intakes, drinking and smokinghabits. The patients with CCP consumed a richer diet than thosewith C₁, consisting mainly of saturated fats and animals proteins.Although the alcoholics with CCP drank the same total quantityof alcohol as the alcoholics with Ci, they drank it over a shortertime period (less than 20 years) before diagnosis. Differencesin the nutritional profiles of the two groups indicate thatthe population with alcohol-related digestive diseases is madeup of subjects with different drinking and eating habits. Thesebehavioural differences with respect to dietary and alcoholintake indicate that the alcoholic patients with CCP or Ci belongto different subgroups.     

COMPARISON OF SERUM {beta}-HEXOSAMINIDASE ISOENZYME B ACTIVITY WITH SERUM CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN AND OTHER MARKERS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE

We have compared ß-hexosaminidase (ß-Hex)activity, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), mean corpuscularvolume (MCV),     

A PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH SHORT STATURE AND THEIR FAMILIES

A significant number of children with growth failure have primary or associated problems of a psychosocial nature. Ameliorating psychosocial complications is essential in assisting the child to reach an optimal level of development. This article describes a multidisciplinary program which provides a diagnostic evaluation to determine physical and psychosocial needs of the individual, program goals and methods for the delivery of comprehensive coordinated health care of short statured children.     

A COMPARISON OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR CLUSTERED DATA ANALYSIS WITH GAUSSIAN ERROR

We investigate by simulation the properties of four different estimation procedures under a linear model for correlated data with Gaussian error: maximum likelihood based on the normal mixed linear model; generalized estimating equations; a four-stage method, and a bootstrap method that resamples clusters rather than individuals. We pay special attention to the group randomized trials where the number of independent clusters is small, cluster sizes are big, and the correlation within the cluster is weak. We show that for balanced and near balanced data when the number of independent clusters is small (⩽10), the bootstrap is superior if analysts do not want to impose strong distribution and covariance structure assumptions. Otherwise, ML and four-stage methods are slightly better. All four methods perform well when the number of independent clusters reaches 50.     

艾滋病与系统红斑狼疮各125例头发ICP35种元素检验结果比较

笔者分别对125例Aids与正常人、SLE与正常人进行比较基础上。对125例Aids和SLE配对，用ICP法测35种元素，在本文报告31种元素检验结果，经t一检验：平均值的成对二样分析发现：Aids与SLE发检结果比较：Bi、Li、Mn、Ti、A1等5种元素含量为正相关；而Cu、Co、Ge、Mo、Sb、Ce、La、Ga、Th等9种元素含量呈负相关。从而揭示了免疫缺陷病毒感染者与系统性红斑狼疮患者体内元素代谢的差异，为当今世界攻克免疫性疾病指出方向，证明元素平衡医学食疗是解决Aids、SLE、癌症等免疫性疾病必由之路。