THE IMPACT OF RADIOTHERAPY COURSE LENGTH ON THE TREATMENT RESULTS OF NASOPH9

ＴＨＥＩＭＰＡＣＴＯＦＲＡＤＩＯＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＣＯＵＲＳＥＬＥＮＧＴＨＯＮＴＨＥＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＲＥＳＵＬＴＳＯＦＮＡＳＯＰＨＡＲＹＮＧＥＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡ（ＮＰＣ）ＣｈｅｎＸｉａｎｚｈａｏ陈显钊；ＴａｎｇＱｉｘｉｎ唐启信（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ...     

COMBINATION OF CHOLECYSTOJEJUNOSTOMY OR CHOLEDOCHJEJUNOSTOMY PERFUSION CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY FOR CANCER OF THE PANCRE

ＣＯＭＢＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＨＯＬＥＣＹＳＴＯＪＥＪＵＮＯＳＴＯＭＹＯＲＣＨＯＬＥＤＯＣＨＪＥＪＵＮＯＳＴＯＭＹＰＥＲＦＵＳＩＯＮＣＨＥＭＯＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＡＮＤＲＡＤＩＯＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＦＯＲＣＡＮＣＥＲＯＦＴＨＥＰＡＮＣＲＥＡＴＩＣＨＥＡＤＸｕｅＨｕ...     

ENHANCED ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF SUICIDE GENE THERAPY BY SIMULTANEOUS TRANSFER OF GMCSF GENE IN LEUKEMIA-BEARING MICE

ＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＤＡＮＴＩＴＵＭＯＲＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＳＵＩＣＩＤＥＧＥＮＥＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＢＹＳＩＭＵＬＴＡＮＥＯＵＳＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＯＦＧＭＣＳＦＧＥＮＥＩＮＬＥＵＫＥＭＩＡＢＥＡＲＩＮＧＭＩＣＥ１ＪｕＤｉａｎｗｅｎ鞠佃文ＣａｏＸｕｅｔａｏ２曹雪...     

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDY OF CONCOMITANT RADIATION THERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY FORCERVICAL CARCINOMA

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＡＮＤＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＣＯＮＣＯＭＩＴＡＮＴＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＡＮＤＣＨＥＭＯＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＦＯＲＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡ￥ＷｅｉＫｅ；魏克；ＣａｉＳｈｕｍｏ；蔡树模；ＷａｎｇＸｉａｎｇ－...     

EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON DNA SYNTHESIS,INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION OF ADM AND ADM RESISTANCE OF TUMOR CELL LINES

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＡＳＣＯＲＢＩＣＡＣＩＤＯＮＤＮＡＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳ，ＩＮＴＲＡＣＥＬＬＵＬＡＲＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＤＭＡＮＤＡＤＭＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＯＦＴＵＭＯＲＣＥＬＬＬＩＮＥＳＸｉｅＺｕｏｆｕ谢佐福ＬｉｎＸｉａｎｄｏｎｇ林贤东Ｚｈｏ...     

PROMOTION OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS AND P53 EXPRESSION BY REDUCTION OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN THE LUNG OF RAT IN V

ＰＲＯＭＯＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＰ５３ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＢＹＲＥＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＵＰＥＲＯＸＩＤＥＤＩＳＭＵＴＡＳＥＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＩＮＴＨＥＬＵＮＧＯＦＲＡＴＩＮＶＩＶＯ￥ＹｕＬｕｎｙｉｎ；喻伦银；Ｂｉ...     

THE IN VITRO POTENTIATION OF LAK CELL CYTOTOXICITY IN CANCER AND AIDS PATIENTS INDUCED BY F3—A FRACTIONATED EXTRACT OF ASTRAG

ＴＨＥＩＮＶＩＴＲＯＰＯＴＥＮＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＡＫＣＥＬＬＣＹＴＯＴＯＸＩＣＩＴＹＩＮＣＡＮＣＥＲＡＮＤＡＩＤＳＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＦ３—ＡＦＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＡＴＥＤＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＯＦＡＳＴＲＡＧＡＬＵＳＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＡＣＥＵＳＣｈｕ...     

COMBINED IL-2/IL-3 GENE THERAPY FOR G422 MOUSE GLIOBLASTOMA BY INTRATUMORAL INJECTION OF RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUSES

ＣＯＭＢＩＮＥＤＩＬ２／ＩＬ３ＧＥＮＥＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＦＯＲＧ４２２ＭＯＵＳＥＧＬＩＯＢＬＡＳＴＯＭＡＢＹＩＮＴＲＡＴＵＭＯＲＡＬＩＮＪＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＥＣＯＭＢＩＮＡＮＴＡＤＥＮＯＶＩＲＵＳＥＳ１ＨｏｎｇＢｏ２洪波ＣａｏＸｕｅｔａｏ３曹雪涛Ｙｕ...     

THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF LYCIUM BARBARUM AND GARLIC（LB－GO）ON THE SYNTHESIS OF DNA AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF U_（14） CERV

ＴＨＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＡＣＴＩＶＥＣＯＭＰＯＮＥＮＴＳＯＦＬＹＣＩＵＭＢＡＲＢＡＲＵＭＡＮＤＧＡＲＬＩＣ（ＬＢ－ＧＯ）ＯＮＴＨＥＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＯＦＤＮＡＡＮＤＵＬＴＲＡＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＵ_（１４）ＣＥＲＶＩＸＣＡＮＣＥＲＣＥＬＬＳＩＮＭＩＣ?..     

DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AND RESPONSE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN DIFFERENT METASTATIC VARIANTS OF HUMANPULMONARY GIANT CELL CARCINOMA

ＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＬＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＡＮＤＲＥＳＰＯＮＳＥＯＦＧＲＯＷＴＨＦＡＣＴＯＲＳＩＮＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＭＥＴＡＳＴＡＴＩＣＶＡＲＩＡＮＴＳＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＰＵＬＭＯＮＡＲＹＧＩＡＮＴＣＥＬＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＺｅｎｇＬｉｎｇｆａｎｇ曾灵...     

Management and results of localized Ewing's sarcoma.

Seventy-six patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma who received primary treatment at M.D. Anderson Hospital from 1948 through December 1975 were reviewed. Patients have been divided into four groups according to the different treatment regimens they received: Group I, moderate dose radiotherapy alone; Group II, high dose radiotherapy alone; Group III, radiotherapy plus vincristine and cytoxan; and Group IV, radiotherapy plus vincristine, Adriamycin, cytoxan and actinomycin. The problem of local recurrence appears to be solved with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy with only one of 36 patients having a recurrence at the primary site in Groups III and IV. Multimodal therapy is the preferred treatment to obtain control of the primary lesion by radiation therapy while preserving good function. However, the major cause of failure remains distant metastases, 19 of 36 (53%) in Groups III and IV. In addition, 4 of 10 patients who have survived over 5 years have developed osteogenic sarcoma.     

Radiotherapy of localised intracranial germinoma: time to sever historical ties?

The optimum management of localised intracranial germinoma remains controversial. Cure rates for this rare CNS tumour, which arises mainly in adolescents, exceed 90% at 10 years, and limitation of treatment-related late morbidity is therefore essential. Craniospinal radiotherapy plus boost is perceived to be the gold-standard treatment, but there have been suggestions that reduced-volume radiotherapy could be adequate for cure. We reviewed publications since 1988 to compare patterns of disease relapse and cure rates after craniospinal radiotherapy, reduced-volume irradiation alone (i.e., whole-brain or whole-ventricular irradiation followed by a boost), and focal or localised irradiation alone. The recurrence rate after whole-brain or whole-ventricular radiotherapy plus boost was 7.6% compared with 3.8% after craniospinal radiotherapy, with no predilection for isolated spinal relapses (2.9% vs 1.2%). We challenge the consensus that craniospinal radiotherapy is the best treatment for localised germinomas and conclude that reduced-volume radiotherapy plus boost should replace craniospinal radiotherapy when a radiotherapy-only approach is used.     

200例晚期鼻咽癌综合治疗远期疗效分析

目的观察鼻咽癌综合治疗的远期疗效,以更好地指导鼻咽癌的防治工作.方法晚期鼻咽癌患者200例按入院先后次序随机抽样分4组,每组50例,做前瞻性综合治疗研究.A组:采用生物治疗 放射治疗;B组:辅助化疗 放射治疗;C组:辅助化疗 生物治疗 放射治疗;D组:单纯放射治疗.治疗后6个月观察鼻咽肿瘤消退和颈淋巴消散情况,全身及局部副反应;随访1,5,10年患者的生存率及生活质量.结果综合治疗组鼻咽肿瘤和颈淋巴转移灶消退率明显高于单纯放射治疗组(P<0.05).生物治疗组全身及局部副反应发生率明显降低(P<0.05).综合治疗组5,10年生存率明显提高.结论晚期鼻咽癌采用综合治疗能够加快肿瘤消散,减少治疗副作用,增强机体抗肿瘤能力,提高患者远期生存率和改善生活质量.     

A bispecific antibody to enhance radiotherapy by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human CEA-expressing digestive tumors

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhances X-ray killing of human tumor cells in vitro and enhances tumor control when combined with radiotherapy (RT) in animal tumor models. In multiple Phase I studies, intravenous injection of TNF-alpha appeared to have severe systemic side effects. To overcome these limitations, we used a bispecific antibody (BAb) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen and human TNF-alpha to target this cytokine in human digestive carcinoma treated with simultaneous RT.We used human digestive carcinoma cell lines (colon cancer, LS174T, and pancreatic cancer, BxPC-3) to determine the interaction of TNF-alpha and RT on clonogenic cytotoxicity. Isobolograms were established to confirm additive or supra-additive effects between both treatments. LS174T and BxPC-3 cells were grafted subcutaneously at Day 0 into female nude mice (7-8 weeks old). When the tumors reached a volume of about 80 mm(3), the mice were randomly assigned to treatment: Group 1, normal saline i.v. injection (control group); Group 2, TNF-alpha at 1 microg/i.v. injection; Group 3, BAb at 25 microg/i.v. injection; Group 4, BAb plus TNF-alpha (ratio 25 microg to 1 microg) i.v. injection; Group 5, local RT plus normal saline (0.5 Gy. min(-1)) at a total dose of 30 Gy delivered in five fractions; Group 6, local RT plus TNF-alpha injections 3 h before RT; Group 7, local RT plus BAb plus TNF-alpha co-injected 24 h before RT. Tumor growth delay was used as the end point for all groups.In the LS174T experiments, TNF-alpha added 12 h before RT showed a statistically significant decrease in the survival fraction at 2 Gy compared with RT alone (0.23 vs. 0.42 Gy, p = 0.0017). These results were largely confirmed with the BxPC-3 cell lines (0.29 vs. 0.72, p <0.00001). Isobolograms confirmed the additivity between TNF-alpha and RT in both cell lines. At 50% survival, the data points were within the envelope of additivity. In the LS174T and BxPC-3 xenografts, RT as a single agent (Group 5) slowed tumor progression compared with Group 1 (p <0.027 and p = 0.00001, respectively). TNF-alpha alone, BAb alone, or BAb plus TNF-alpha (Groups 2, 3, and 4) had no effect. In the LS174T model, TNF-alpha plus RT enhanced the delay to reach 2000 mm(3) compared with RT alone but without statistical significance. This delay was significantly longer when BAb was added (p = 0.0033, for Group 6 vs. Group 7). In the BxPC-3 experiments, the median delay to reach 2000 mm(3) was similar between the RT and TNF-alpha plus RT groups (93 days). The use of our BAb in combination with TNF-alpha and RT dramatically enhanced this median delay (177 days, p = 0.0013). No body weight loss was observed in any group.Our data could be used as a solid preclinical rationale on which to base a clinical study of locally advanced pancreatic or rectal cancers in the near future.     

Radiocurability by targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha using a bispecific antibody in carcinoembryonic antigen transgenic mice

PURPOSE: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhances radiotherapy (RT) killing of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. To overcome systemic side effects, we used a bispecific antibody (BsAb) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and TNF-alpha to target this cytokine in a CEA-expressing colon carcinoma. We report the evaluation of this strategy in immunocompetent CEA-transgenic mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The murine CEA-transfected colon carcinoma MC-38 was used for all experiments. In vitro, clonogenic assays were performed after RT alone, TNF-alpha alone, and RT plus TNF-alpha. In vivo, the mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups: control, TNF-alpha, BsAb, BsAb plus TNF-alpha, RT, RT plus TNF-alpha, and RT plus BsAb plus TNF-alpha. Measurements of endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA levels and evaluation of necrosis (histologic evaluation) were assessed per treatment group. RESULTS: In vitro, combined RT plus TNF-alpha resulted in a significant decrease in the survival fraction at 2 Gy compared with RT alone (p < 0.00001). In vivo, we observed a complete response in 5 (50%) of 10, 2 (20%) of 10, 2 (18.2%) of 11, and 0 (0%) of 12 treated mice in the RT plus BsAb plus TNF-alpha, RT plus TNF-alpha, RT alone, and control groups, respectively. This difference was statistically significant when TNF-alpha was targeted with the BsAb (p = 0.03). The addition of exogenous TNF-alpha to RT significantly increased the endogenous TNF-alpha mRNA level, particularly when TNF-alpha was targeted with BsAb (p < 0.01). The percentages of necrotic area were significantly augmented in the RT plus BsAb plus TNF-alpha group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that targeting TNF-alpha with the BsAb provokes RT curability in a CEA-expressing digestive tumor syngenic model and could be considered as a solid rationale for clinical trials.     

食管癌外照射加不同时间内照射的临床研究

回顾性分析150例食管癌患者临床病理资料,根据放疗方法及加内照射的时间分为单纯外照射(A组)、外照射后加内照射(B组)和外照射中加内照射(C组),观察不同治疗方法的急性反应、局部控制率及生存率。外照射配合内照射组急性反应较单纯外照射组重,但差异无统计学意义。A、B和C组局部控制率分别为22%(11/50)、42%(21/50)和44%(22/50),1年生存率为50%(25/50)、76%(38/50)和78%(39/50),3年生存率为22%(11/50)、50%(25/50)和48%(24/50),5年生存率为10%(5/50)、28%(14/50)和26%(13/50);B、C组较A组差异有统计学意义,P值均<0·05。初步研究结果提示,食管癌外照射配合内照射可提高局部控制率及1、3和5年生存率,外照射DT40Gy后加内照射是较理想的治疗方法。     

A randomised clinical trial of radiotherapy plus cisplatin versus radiotherapy alone in stage III non-small cell lung cancer

This study was designed to compare high-dose fractionated radiotherapy alone versus the same radiotherapy plus cisplatin in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We randomly assigned 176 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer to one of two treatments; fractionated radiotherapy alone at dose of 64 Gy for 6-7 weeks (2 Gy given 32 times, in five fractions a week) or radiotherapy in the same schedule, combined with 20mg/m2 cisplatin 1 h before radiotherapy, given on days 1-5 of the second and sixth treatment weeks. The frequency of loco-regional progression was 68% among the patients who received radiotherapy plus cisplatin and 86% among those who received radiotherapy alone (P = 0.0001). The probability of survival free of disease after 3 years was 10% among the patients assigned to radiotherapy plus cisplatin and 0% among those treated only with radiotherapy (P = 0.0006). Overall survival at 3 years was 10% among those given radiotherapy plus cisplatin and 2% among those who received radiotherapy alone (P = 0.00001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that radiotherapy plus cisplatin significantly improved loco-regional progression-free survival and overall survival, irrespective of radiation dose. The addition of cisplatin to fractionated radiotherapy prolongs loco-regional progression-free interval and survival in stage III non-small cell lung cancer.     

Management of Early-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Practice Guideline

In the past, treatment for patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma consisted mainly of radiotherapy. Now, chemotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy are treatment options. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations on the optimal management of early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. We conducted a systematic review searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and other literature sources from 2003 to 2015, and applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Two authors independently reviewed and selected studies, and appraised the evidence quality. The document underwent internal and external review by content, methodology experts, a patient representative and clinicians in Ontario. We have issued recommendations for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma and with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma; with favourable and unfavourable prognosis; and for the use of positron emission tomography to direct treatment. We have provided our interpretation of the evidence and considerations for implementation. Examples of recommendations are: ‘Patients with early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma should not be treated with radiotherapy alone’; ‘chemotherapy plus radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone are recommended treatment options for patients with early-stage non-bulky Hodgkin lymphoma’; ‘The Working Group does not recommend the use of a negative interim positron emission tomography scan alone to identify patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma for whom radiotherapy can be omitted without a reduction in progression-free survival’. Through the use of GRADE, recommendations were geared towards patient important outcomes and their strength reflected the available evidence and its interpretation from the patients’ point of view.     

同步放化疗结合中医扶正治疗食管癌的临床研究

127例食管癌患者随机分为单放组(RT组51例)、放化组(CRT组30例)和适形放疗加化疗结合中医扶正组(三联组46例)。单放组采用常规三野等中心放射治疗;放化组自常规放疗开始后第1、5周加用化疗;三联组采用适形放疗,自放疗开始后第1、5周加用化疗,同时放疗期间每日服用扶正升血煎剂。随访至2005年6月,单放组、放化组及三联组的骨髓抑制发生率分别为25.5%、90%和54.3%;急性放射性食管炎发生率分别为94.1%、96.7%和21.7%;放射性肺炎发生率分别为11.8%、26.7%和4%;完全缓解率分别为39.2%、66.7%和84.8%,部分缓解率分别为60.8%、33.3%和15.2%;1年生存率分别为43.1%、50%和71.7%;2年生存率分别为33.3%、40%和56.5%;3年生存率分别为13.7%、27%和39.1%。初步研究结果提示,适形放疗加化疗结合中医扶正治疗食管癌在提高患者生存质量、近期疗效及短期生存率方面明显优于单纯放疗及放化结合治疗,而且毒副反应较小。     

A new local ablation for solid malignant tumours: Anti-tumour effect of hyperthermal and electrochemical therapy on transplantable mouse cancer

Purpose: Hyperthermia induced by electrothermal needle (ETN) and electrochemical therapy (ECT) were combined (HECT) and the anti-tumor effect was evaluated.

Methods: Mice with Sarcoma180 were randomized into four different treatment groups: Control, ECT alone, Hyperthermia alone and HECT.

Results: The tumours in the HECT group were completely destroyed and they did not recur within a period of 10 days after treatment. However, tumour recurrence was found in six mice in the Hyperthermia group and five mice in the ECT group.

Conclusion: The HECT is a potentially effective way to treat solid malignant tumours.