原发性肝癌的介入治疗

肝癌的介入治疗主要包括二部分:经皮血管治疗技术及经皮非血管治疗技术,前者主要包括经肝动脉栓塞化疗术及经肝动脉门静脉结合栓塞化疗术;后者则指在超声(US)、CT、MR引导下经皮穿刺瘤内局部治疗,包括瘤内药物注射与物理损毁治疗。1肝癌的血管内介入治疗肝癌血管内介入治疗的最主要手段为经肝动脉栓塞化疗术。主要适用于以右叶为主或肝内多发病灶以及术后复发而无法手术切除的肝癌。经肝动脉栓塞化疗有以下作用:1阻断肿瘤血液供应,使肿瘤严重缺血坏死而缩小。2提高局部化疗药物浓度,增强抗肿瘤效应,减少化疗药物毒副作用。3破坏肿瘤的血…     

经皮肝穿刺胆道内外引流术＋化疗栓塞术姑息性治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸临床体会

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道内外引流术（PTCD）＋化疗栓塞术（TALE）在恶性梗阻性黄疸姑息性治疗中的疗效。方法采用经皮肝穿刺技术胆道内外引流管植入及Seldinger穿刺技术行肿瘤动脉造影灌注化疗栓塞相结合的双介入治疗方法。结果 全部患者经皮经肝穿刺胆道内外引流手术成功，留置内外引流管13例，外引流管16例，双侧引流外引流和内外引流2例，31例患者均行动脉灌注化疗术，9例患者行动脉灌注化疗栓塞术，治疗后总胆红素明显下降。结论 经皮肝穿刺胆道内外引流术＋化疗栓塞术在恶性梗阻性黄疸临床治疗中是比较理想的姑息性治疗方法。能明显提高生活质量，延长患者的生存期。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术后原发性肝细胞癌残留状态的增强CT与超声造影比较

背景经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, TACE)是通过微导管选择性插入至肿瘤主要供血动脉后,栓塞动脉及注入化疗药物使肿瘤发生缺血坏死,从而发挥灭活肿瘤作用.有效的TACE治疗势必引起肿瘤微循环血流灌注状态改变,而超声造影能准确反映肿瘤组织的血流灌注过程,从而实现对TACE疗效的准确评估.目的探讨运用增强CT(contrast-enhanced CT, CECT)、超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CEUS)判定TACE后原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)残留状态的临床应用价值.方法 选取2016-09/2019-03期间,在浙江省肿瘤医院行TA C E术治疗的71例患者作为研究对象,共125个病灶.所有患者TACE术后1 mo均行CEUS、CECT检查,以同期数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查结果作为"金标准",比较CEUS与CECT在评估TACE疗效中的应用价值.结果 DSA发现病灶残留97个,无残留28个;CEUS判定病灶残留的准确度、灵敏度、特异度分别为96.00%、96.91%、92.86%;CECT判定病灶残留的准确度、灵敏度、特异度分别88.00%、87.63%、89.29%; CEUS判定病灶残留的准确度、灵敏度均高于CECT,差异有统计学意义(P0.05).结论 CEUS能显示TACE术后HCC病灶组织的血流灌注状态,在判定病灶残留方面优于CECT,可为临床评估TACE术后疗效提供新的有效手段.     

小肠平滑肌瘤术后肝转移介入治疗

目的研究化疗药物，碘油及明胶海绵三联化疗栓塞法（ＬｐＧｓＴＡＥ）治疗小肠平滑肌瘤术后肝转移的疗效．方法采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ方法行超选择肝固有动脉，肝右动脉插管及数字减影造影术（ＤＳＡ）及ＬｐＧｓＴＡＥ放射介入治疗小肠平滑肌瘤术后肝转移３例．结果本组３例在介入治疗前和治疗后肝ＣＴ片对比，肝内最大转移灶直径均有明显缩小，其中１例缩小６０％，其余转移灶有不同程度缩小．未发现新的转移灶．均存活至今．结论细胞形态学为良性，而生物学行为表现出恶性的转移性小肠平滑肌瘤是少见的，手术后肝转移，ＬｐＧｓＴＡＥ是一种较理想有效的保守治疗．     

CT灌注成像在原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术后的临床应用

经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)已成为目前治疗中晚期肝癌的主要手段之一,TACE的直接后果是造成肿瘤局部血供中断或明显减少,使肿瘤局部不同程度缺血和坏死[1].CT灌注成像(CTPI)在定量分析器官及病灶血液动力学的同时还能提供精细的解剖学信息.本研究拟通过对原发性肝癌TACE术后肿瘤存活区CTPI的研究,探讨CTPI在评价肝癌介入治疗的疗效和指导进一步治疗中的价值.     

高强度聚焦超声联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的通过应用高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌（HCC）的临床疗效。探讨其治疗原发性肝癌的价值。方法对2001年4月至2002年12月79例原发性肝癌患者,其中46例接受单独HIFU治疗,20例HIFU治疗前曾行经皮肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）治疗,13例行TACE单独治疗。对这些患者的资料进行临床分析。结果治疗后HCC患者临床症状减轻、血清AFP水平呈不同程度的下降（P〈0.05）。病灶缩小、血供减少或消失。局部无并发症出现,心肾功能正常,但肝脏酶谱有一过性升高。HIFU治疗后肿物回声有不同程度增强。HIFU治疗后CT或MRI呈典型的凝固性坏死表现。HIFU联合TACE治疗有效率为70%（14/20）,优于单纯HIFU组的41%（19/46）,优于单纯TACE组的31%（4/13）,组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。HIFU治疗组与TACE治疗组3、6个月及1年、2年生存率比较,无明显差异。结论 HIFU治疗原发性肝癌具有一定疗效。HIFU联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌是有效和可行的,两者具有协同作用。将为临床非侵入性治疗肝脏肿瘤提供一个可考虑的新的局部治疗手段。     

双重介入治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

为观察肝脏瘤体内注射32P治疗肝动脉化疗栓塞术后对残留的肝癌组织治疗效果。在肝动脉化疗栓塞术后一周,B超引导下在残留的肝脏肿瘤内注射32P。结果肝脏残留肿瘤组织内注射32P后,可使肿瘤进一步缩小,由术前78．6mm±5．2mm缩至42．3mm±7．3mm,P＜0．01,肿瘤液化、坏死。AFP由675．43±162．65μg／L降至68．12±24．23μg／L,P＜0．01。肝动脉血流速度降低有显著性,P＜0．05。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术和B超引导下肝脏瘤体内注射32P双重介入治疗原发性肝癌效果显著。     

肝癌的中西医结合介入治疗

随着肝血管介入治疗的广泛开展,肝动脉化疗栓塞术已成为不能手术切除的肝癌患者的首选治疗力法。无论是在肿瘤缩小、甲胎蛋白下降等疗效的观察,还是在生存率、生存质量的评价方面,肝癌的介入治疗效果都是确切的。下面就近几年来中西医结合肝癌介入治疗的进展作简要的概述。 1 介入治疗的原理及其对机体的不良影响 1.1 介入治疗原理 正常肝脏有两套供血系统,即肝动脉和门静脉,而肝癌的血供主要是来源于肝动脉系统。肝癌的介入治疗是在肝动脉造影的基础上发展起来的。应用Seldingeg技术,经股动脉引入动脉导管,选择性地将导管插入到肝癌的供血动脉,这样动脉导管一端连着肿块,另一端连向体外,我们在     

左膈下动脉供血在肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨左膈下动脉(LIPA)对肝癌的供血及其介入性栓塞在肝癌治疗中的价值.评价经导管做LIPA栓塞化疗的安全性和效果.方法 对22例经血管造影确认有LIPA参与肝癌供血者进行动脉栓塞化疗(TACE).结节型20例,巨块型2例.术前行CT或MRI平扫及增强扫描,术中常规做腹腔动脉-肝动脉及膈下动脉造影,在确认供血范围后将导管超选择至供血支,先用碘油-抗癌乳剂栓塞肿瘤末梢血管,然后注入明胶海绵碎粒或PVA颗粒.观察术后临床经过、相关实验室检查和影像学表现,并与血管造影进行对照分析.结果 病灶位于肝左叶18例(81.8%):7例位于S3,7例位于S2,4例位于S4.病灶位于肝右叶(S5)4例(18.2%).22例患者左膈下动脉TACE全部成功.9例进行LIPA化疗栓塞时发现肝动脉完全阻塞.2例术后发生左下肺叶盘状肺不张和少量胸腔积液.结论 LIPA参与肝癌供血多见于多次行TACE的病人并且肿块位于肝左叶.栓塞左膈下动脉的安全性很高,并发症少且多为自限性.     

小肠出血16例分析

22例经上消化道内镜及结肠镜检查后疑诊为小肠出血者,14例又经胃肠钡荆造影、~(99m)锝扫描、小肠镜、肠系膜上动脉造影等1～3项检查,其中9例发现病灶后外科手术;另外8例急诊手术探查中7例发现病灶.16例术后病理确诊为小肠异位胰腺、Crolm 病各2例,Meckel 憩室4例,小肠平滑肌瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、恶性组织细胞病、P—J 综合征,多发憩室,腺瘤性息肉、结核及重复回肠各1例.     

CASE REPORT: A long-term survivor of jejunal leiomyosarcoma with liver metastasis: Effective transcathetel arterial embolization for hepatic metastatic foci

We report a case of jejunal leiomyosarcoma with liver metastases in a 52-year-old Japanese male. An echogram demonstrated multiple cystic liver masses in April 1991. The diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma was made on the basis of characteristic hepatic angiography images and liver biopsy findings. The jejunal leiomyosarcoma was resected and unresectable liver metastatic foci were treated repeatedly with transcathetel arterial embolization. Transcathetel arterial embolization was considered to be effective in this case as the patient survived 4 years and 9 months after the first treatment.     

Therapeutic radiological interventional procedures in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To improve the survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in whom surgery is not possible, various methods have been developed employing angiographic and percutaneous techniques. We analyzed our experience with various percutaneous therapeutic interventional techniques done for HCC in our center. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with inoperable HCC (mean age 48.9 [SD 13.8] y; 47 men) were treated between January 1997 and December 2000 by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone (22), TACE with percutaneous alcohol injection (PEI) (20), transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with steel coils and gel foam for gastrointestinal bleed (7), percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (1), percutaneous preoperative right portal vein embolization (3) and percutaneous preoperative tumor embolization to reduce blood loss at surgery (8). RESULTS: In 42 patients treated by TACE and PEI and TACE alone, tumor necrosis was scored; over 50% necrosis was seen only after six and nine months in both treatment groups. The survival rates after six and nine months and the median survival were similar in the two groups. Of 7 cases treated with TAE with steel coils and gel foam, the gastrointestinal bleeding stopped in four; in the other three, bleeding did not stop completely although less transfusion was required. In the patient treated by radiofrequency ablation, follow-up contrast-enhanced CT did not show enhancing tumor mass. We noted left lobe enlargement after percutaneous preoperative right portal vein embolization, prior to right hepatectomy. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCC not amenable to surgical intervention, a variety of percutaneous therapeutic interventional techniques may be used.     

胆囊动脉供血肝癌TACE治疗45例

目的:评估经导管动脉内化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗不能切除的、由胆囊动脉供血肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的安全性、插管成功率及其疗效.方法:收集我院45例经TACE治疗的由胆囊动脉供血的肝癌患者.36例患者以前曾行2-8次TACE术(平均4次),自初次治疗后的存活期为4-69 mo(平均24 mo).9例患者在首次血管造影时即发现胆囊动脉寄生.TACE技术只有在微导管能插入肿瘤供血动脉分支,并且造影不出现胆囊壁染色时才能进行.我们对其治疗效果及并发症作了回顾性分析.结果:28个肿瘤完全由胆囊动脉供血,17个由肝动脉及胆囊动脉共同供血.60%(n=27)的患者可以观察到肝动脉的变细或闭塞.32例患者(71%)成功地进行了栓塞治疗而无严重并发症出现.28例患者(62%)有足够的碘油聚集.这28例患者在平均随访18mo后仅有6例(21%)肿瘤局部进展.对于栓塞不成功的13例(29%)患者,分别给予经皮注射无水乙醇治疗(n=6),放疗(n=4)以及胆囊切除术后的TACE(n=3).结论:71%的患者经胆囊动脉行TACE治疗是安全可行的.如果肿瘤能获得足够的碘油聚集,理想的治疗效果还是值得期待的,本组有62%(n=28)的患者获取良好的碘油聚集.     

双途径介入疗法治疗原发性肝癌疗效评价

目的　探讨双途径介入疗法 (下称双介入法 )治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法　选择原发性肝癌患者 6 5例 ,对其中 34例单纯行肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE,对照组 ) ,31例行 TACE和分次多点经皮肝穿刺注射无水乙醇 (双介入法 ,观察组 )。全部病例定期做 CT检查和 AFP测定 ,观察肿瘤客观疗效。结果　对照组及观察组肿瘤客观有效率 (CR+PR)分别为 35 .3%、6 4 .4 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;AFP下降幅度分别为 5 6 .1%、78.6 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;2年存活率分别为 5 0 %、6 1.3% (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　双介入法治疗原发性肝癌疗效肯定 ,优于单纯应用 TACE。     

Angiographic findings in two carcinoid tumors of the gallbladder

Angiography was performed in 2 patients with carcinoid tumors of the gallbladder. In the first case, proper hepatic angiography revealed an obstruction and irregular neovascularization of the cystic artery and an encasement of the right hepatic artery. In the second case, celiac angiography revealed a dilatation and fine neovascularization of the cystic artery. In both cases, moderate hypervascular metastatic lesions were demonstrated in the liver. Although hypervascular metastases might suggest the diagnosis of metastasis from carcinoid tumor, the specific diagnosis of carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder must rely on the pathologic evidence.     

Interventional therapies of unresectable liver metastases

Liver metastases are the major cause of mortality in patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas and other malignant tumors, carrying a poor prognosis and presenting considerable management. Surgical resection remains the only curative therapy for liver metastases up to now. However, only a small percentage of patients are suitable for curative resection due to many factors: multi-centric tumors, extrahepatic metastases, early vascular invasion, and coexisting advanced liver cirrhosis. In non-surgical cases, regional interventional therapies have led to a major break through in the treatment of unresectable liver metastases, which include transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT), cryosurgical ablation (CSA), microwave coagulation therapy (MCT), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and others. As a result of the technical development of locoregional approaches for unresectable liver metastases during recent decades, the range of combined interventional therapies has been continuously enlarged. The current roles of these treatment options for liver metastases are discussed in this review.     

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Liver Mimicking Liver Abscess

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor, with fewer than 60 previously reported cases. The usual clinical presentation is painful hepatomegaly or a painful epigastric mass. We present the case of a 64-yr-old white man who presented with fevers, drenching night sweats, fatigue, leukocytosis, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and an indistinct mass in the right lobe of his liver on CT scan. Although the clinical presentation was suggestive of hepatic abscess, a percutaneous biopsy was consistent with a smooth muscle tumor. Successful right hepatic lobectomy resulted in resolution of all the associated symptoms and signs. A review of the world literature produced 44 papers reporting a total of 54 cases. The male:female ratio was 25:26; mean age was 53.6 yr. The tumor tended to occur at an earlier age in women, with a group mean age of 49.0 yr compared with 58.4 for men. It was more common in the right lobe. Metastatic disease was present in 40.9% of patients. The outcomes for various therapeutic approaches were compared. Patients treated with comfort measures alone had a mean survival or follow-up of 0.87 yr. The best outcome seemed to be in those patients treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, with a mean survival or follow-up of 3.3 yr.     

三维适形放疗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗(Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT)联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌的可行性及优势。方法选取60例确诊的无手术指征的中晚期肝癌患者,先行TACE,将导管置于肝固有动脉,灌注5-氟脲嘧1 000 mg+羟基喜树碱20 mg,然后用微导管超选肿瘤供血动脉,将超液化碘油10 ml与吡柔比星30 mg制成碘油化疗乳剂,对肿瘤进行栓塞;而后再注入细微颗粒对肿瘤血管进行栓塞,如PVA颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒,造影复查肿瘤供血动脉消失。3~4周后复查上腹部CT、肝肾功能、血常规,如果肿块体积过大,须再次行TACE治疗,待肿块缩小后,再进行3DCRT;TACE平均为3~5次。所有患者均行3DCRT。结果放疗结束1个月后评价疗效,其中完全缓解(CR)11例,部分缓解(PR)34例,无变化(NC)12例,进展(PD)3例,总有效率(CR+PR)为75%,1年生存率80%,2年生存率35%,3年生存率13.3%,死于非肿瘤相关疾病6例(10%),至随访日生存者5例(8.3%)。全组中位生存时间16个月。结论 3DCRT联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌是一种安全有效的方法,它能更好地杀灭肿瘤细胞、明显提高肿瘤局控率、延长生存期、提高生存质量,是治疗中晚期肝癌理想、有效的一种方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Growth inhibition of unresectable tumors induced by hepatic cryoablation: report of two cases

The efficacy of percutaneous cryosurgery (PCS) as a treatment strategy for unresected liver tumor was evaluated in two cases. The first patient was a 64-year-old man who was found to have multiple liver tumors after undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer (T3, N0, M0, Stage II). Two PCS treatments under local anesthesia decreased the size of both the treated and untreated tumors. The second patient was a 61-year-old man in whom multiple liver tumors were discovered after hepatectomy for metastases of a duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor, which also had been treated surgically. A third surgery was performed for mass reduction. The patient showed stable improvement after surgery, and PCS combined with administration of polysaccharide-Kureha was selected to treat the unresectable tumors. PCS was performed once a week with an overnight hospital stay. After nine PCS treatment, the remarkable reduction in the size and number of liver tumors was observed, even among non-treated tumors. The patient remains in good condition without tumors 21 months after treatment.     

57例存活二年以上晚期肝癌临床分析

目的研究多模式治疗晚期肝癌长期生存因素。方法对1990年至2001年收治的372例尚有肝动脉化学栓塞(TACE)指征的晚期肝癌患者中生存2年以上患者进行回顾性分析,分析包括治疗方法在内影响生存率的相关因素。结果主要影响因素是年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数量、门脉癌栓、肝内外转移、肝功能ChildPugh分级、肝脏储备功能和治疗模式。在所有病例中存活2年以上者57例(15.32%),其中行个体化综合序贯治疗占48例(20.25%),9例(6.67%)单用TACE治疗。结论在众多因素中,个体化综合序贯治疗是改善晚期肝癌患者长期生存的关键因素。