贵阳市城区中老年女性维生素D营养状况及其对骨密度的影响

目的 了解贵阳市城区中老年女性维生素D营养状况及其对骨密度的影响.方法 采用整群抽样方法,调查贵阳市主城区所辖一社区中40～79岁女性511名,以放射免疫法检测血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]及完整甲状旁腺素(iPTH)水平,应用双能X线骨密度仪检测髋部、腰椎前后位(L1-4)、左侧股骨颈骨密度.结果 受试者总体血清25(OH)D浓度为(21.3±7.9)ng/ml,血清iPTH水平为(29.3±16.5) pg/ml;贵阳市城区中老年女性维生素D严重缺乏[25(OH) D＜10 ng/ml]、缺乏[10≤25 (OH) D＜20ng/ml]、不足[20≤25 (OH)D≤30 ng/ml]、正常[25(OH)D＞30 ng/ml]的比例依次为5.3％、42.3％、37.9％和14.5％;4.7％的受试者存在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进.血清25(OH)D浓度与股骨颈、L1-4骨密度呈正相关(均P＜0.01);血清iPTH水平与股骨颈、L1-4骨密度呈负相关(均P＜0.05).结论 贵阳市城区中老年女性维生素D不足及缺乏现象普遍,其血清25(OH)D水平与腰椎、股骨近端骨密度正相关;血清iPTH在血清25(OH)D浓度低于20 ng/ml时表现出升高趋势,骨质疏松症患病风险增加.     

肥胖与血清维生素D水平的关系研究

测定不同肥胖类型者血清25-羟维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]水平.发现超重或肥胖者及腹型肥胖者血清25-(OH)D3水平降低(P＜0.01);血清25-(OH)D3与体重指数及腰围呈独立负相关.提示肥胖与维生素D水平下降密切相关.

Abstract：

Serum 25-(OH)D3concentration was determined in subjects with different types of obesity. The serum 25-(OH)D3levels in overweight or obese and central obese subjects were lower than that in non-obese subjects.(P＜0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis serum 25-(OH)D3was independently and negatively correlated with body mass index and waist circumference.     

Vitamin D status and viral response to therapy in hepatitis C infected children

AIM: To study the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection and to evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in improving antiviral therapy.METHODS: Sixty-six children aged from 7-14 years(mean ± SD, 11.17 ± 2.293) diagnosed with HCV infection were matched to 28 healthy controls. Serum levels of 25(OH) D3, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and plasma level of parathormone were measured. Quantitative PCR for HCV was performed Bone density was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All cases received conventional therapy, and only 33 patients received vitamin D supplementation.RESULTS: Children with HCV showed significantly increased levels of HCV RNA(P 0.001), parathormone(P 0.01) and decreased vitamin D levels(P 0.05)(33.3% deficient and 43.3% insufficient) compared with controls. Abnormal bone status(Z score-1.98 ± 0.75) was found in ribs, L-spine, pelvis and total body. Cases treated with vitamin D showed significant higher early(P 0.04) and sustained(P 0.05) virological response. There was a high frequency of vitamin D deficiency among the Egyptian HCV children, with significant decrease in bone density. The vitamin D level should be assessed before the start of antiviral treatment with the correction of any detected deficiency. CONCLUSION: Adding vitamin D to conventional Peg/RBV therapy significantly improved the virological response and helped to prevent the risk of emerging bone fragility.     

Association between vitamin D and hepatitis C virus infection: A meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]and sustained virological response(SVR)in hepatitis C virus(HCV)infected individuals.METHODS:Relevant studies were identified by systematically searching MEDLINE databases up to March2012 and abstracts of the European and American Congress of Hepatology conducted in 2011.Studies must provide information on SVR and the levels of 25(OH)D3and/or 25(OH)D2[henceforth referred to as 25(OH)D]in sera samples from HCV infected individuals.The inclusion criteria were:clinical studies that included HCV infected patients aged older than 18 years regardless of HCV genotype or ethnic group;provided information on SVR rates;and were reported in the English languageas full papers.Due to the heterogeneity of studies in categorizing serum vitamin D levels,a cut-off value of30 ng/mL of serum 25(OH)D was used.Heterogeneity was assessed using I2statistics.The summary odds ratios with their corresponding 95%CI were calculated based on a random-effects model.RESULTS:Overall,11 studies(8 observational and 3interventional)involving 1575 individuals were included and 1117 HCV infected individuals(71%)showed low vitamin D levels.Most of the studies included monoinfected HCV individuals with the mean age ranging from 38 to 56 years.Four studies were conducted in human immunodeficiency virus/HCV infected individuals.Regarding vitamin D measurement,most of the studies employed radioimmunoassays(n=5)followed by chemiluminescence(n=4)and just one study employed high performance/pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC).Basal vitamin D levels varied from 17 to43 ng/mL in the studies selected,and most of the HCV infected individuals had genotype 1(1068/1575)with mean viral load varying from log 4.5-5.9 UI/mL.With regard to HCV treatment,most of the studies(n=8)included HCV individuals without previous treatment,where the pooled SVR rate was 46.4%.High rates of SVR were observed in HCV individuals with vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL(OR=1.57;95%CI:1.12-2.2)and those supplemented with     

老年衰弱综合征与维生素D的关系

目的探讨老年住院患者衰弱与维生素D的关系。方法采用便利取样法抽取老年住院患者100例,利用衰弱表型进行衰弱评估,采集静脉血并采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定患者血清25-羟维生素D〔25(OH) D〕含量,分析衰弱与维生素D的关系。结果衰弱、衰弱前期和非衰弱分别为40例、39例和21例。血清25(OH) D的平均浓度为(15. 18±6. 96) ng/ml,维生素D缺乏和不足占97%。与非衰弱组〔(20. 179±6. 644) ng/ml〕、衰弱前期组〔(13. 382±4. 697) ng/ml〕相比,衰弱组血清25(OH) D浓度〔(8. 987±3. 885) ng/ml〕明显降低(P<0. 001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示维生素D是衰弱和3个衰弱表型(体重下降、虚弱、疲乏)的独立影响因素(P<0. 05)。结论老年住院患者存在严重的维生素D缺乏或不足状况,且低水平维生素D是衰弱的危险因素。     

Relationship between vitamin D and IL-23,IL-17 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 as markers of fibrosis in hepatitis C virus Egyptians

AIM:To assess vitamin D in hepatitis C patients and its relationship to interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). METHODS:The study was conducted on 50 Egyptian hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype number IV-infected patients and 25 ageand gender-matched healthy subjects. Venous blood samples were obtained. Samples were allowed to clot and sera were separated by centrifugation and stored at -20 ℃. A 25 hydroxy vitamin D assay was carried out using solid phase RIA. A 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D assay was carried out using a commercial kit purchased from Incstar Corporation. IL-17 and -23 and MCP-1 were assayed by an enzyme immunoassay. Quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction for HCV virus were done by TaqMan technology. Only HCV genotype IV-infected subjectswere included in the study. The mean ± SD were determined, a t-test for comparison of means of different parameters was used. Correlation analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation. Differences among different groups were determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS:The mean vitamin D level in HCV patients (groupⅠ) was 15 ± 5.2 ng/mL while in control (group Ⅱ) was 39.7 ± 10.8. For active vitamin D in groupⅠas 16.6 ± 4.8 ng/mL while in group Ⅱ was 41.9 ± 7.9. IL-23 was 154 ± 97.8 in group Ⅰ and 6.7 ± 2.17 in group Ⅱ. IL-17 was 70.7 ± 72.5 in cases and 1.2 ± 0.4 in control. MCP-1 was 1582 ± 794.4 in group Ⅰand 216.1 ± 5.38 in group Ⅱ. Vitamin D deficiency affected 72% of HCV-infected patients and 0% of the control group. Vitamin D insufficiency existed in 28% of HCV-in-fected patients and 12% of the control group. One hundred percent of the cirrhotic patients and 40% of non cirrhotic HCV-infected patients had vitamin D deficiency. IL-23, IL-17, and MCP-1 were markedly increased in HCV-infected patients in comparison to controls.A significant negative correlation between vitamin D and IL-17 and-23 and MCP-1 was detected. HCV-infected males and females showed no differences with respect to viral load, vitamin D levels, IL-17, IL-23 and MCP-1. The viral load was negatively correlated with vitamin D and active vitamin D (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively), while positively correlated with IL-23, IL-17, and MCP-1. We classified the patients according to sonar findings into four groups. Group Ⅰa with bright hepatomegaly and included 14 patients. Group Ⅰb with perihepatic fibrosis and included 11 patients. Group Ⅰc with liver cirrhosis and included 11 patients. Group Ⅰd with he patocellular carcinoma (HCC) and included 14 patients. Vitamin D and active vitamin D were shown to be lower in cirrhotic patients and much lower in patients with HCC, and this difference was highly significant (P = 0.0001). IL-17 and-23 and MCP-1 were higher in advanced liver disease) and the differences were highly significant (P = 0.0001).CONCLUSION:Whether the deficiency of vitamin D is related to HCV-induced chronic liver disease or predisposing factor for higher viral load is a matter of debate.     

中老年人维生素D的营养状况

目的分析中老年体检者血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,了解维生素D营养状况。方法宁夏银川地区的中老年体检者931例采用电化学发光法测定血清25(OH)D水平,统计分析各年龄组和1年的25(OH)D分布状况。结果 25(OH)D平均水平为(14.57±8.20)ng/ml,维生素D缺乏和不足者占81.03%,其中男性占78.42%,女性占82.95%,性别差异无统计学意义(t=0.71,P>0.05)。根据血清25(OH)D的水平分为营养缺乏症,不足组,正常组和良好组,各组所占比例分别为42.32%,38.67%,14.50%和4.51%。各年龄段维生素D营养状况分布不同,进一步直线相关分析提示25(OH)D水平与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.15,P<0.01)。25(OH)D水平呈现季节性变化(F=7.21,P<0.01),夏秋季25(OH)D水平较高,而冬春季相对较低。结论宁夏银川地区中老年人群普遍缺乏血清维生素D,冬节较为严重,且随着年龄的增大有下降的趋势。提示应关注中老年人维生素D营养状况,及时补充维生素D。     

维生素D对肺癌的抑制作用

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. 1α,25(OH)2D3,the active form of vitamin D, is a hormone that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular biological behaviour. lα, 25 (OH)2D3 combines with vitamin D receptor to form a special compound, which bines with vitamin D response element in the nucleus to regulate cellular activities, and it inhibits the canceration and metastasis of cancerous cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that vitamin D inhibits the growth,proliferation, and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Clinical researches have also found that some factors enhancing the high level of vitamin D and some polymorphism genotypes enhancing the activity of vitamin D receptor may improve the prognosis of patients with lung cancer and reduce the risk of lung cancer.     

Vitamin D: A new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

Vitamin D through its active form 1a-25-dihydroxyvtamin D[1,25(OH)2D]is a secosteroid hormone that plays a key role in mineral metabolism.Recent years have witnessed a significant scientific interest on vitamin D and expanded its actions to include immune modulation,cell differentiation and proliferation and inflammation regulation.As our understanding of the many functions of vitamin D has grown,the presence of vitamin D deficiency has become one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide.Concomitantly,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in western countries.NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency often coexist and epidemiologic evidence has shown that both of these conditions share several cardiometabolic risk factors.In this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency,as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.     

Upregulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D_3-1α-hydroxylase by butyrate in Caco-2 cells

AIM: To investigate the possible involvement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase [1α-25(OH)2D3] in butyrate-induced differentiation in human intestinal cell line Caco-2 cells. METHODS: Caco-2 cells were incubated either with 3 mmol/L butyrate and 1 μmol/L 25(OH)2D3 or with 1 μmol/L 1α-25(OH)2D3 for various time intervals ranging from 0 to 72 h. Additionally, cells were co-incubated with butyrate and either 25(OH)2D3 or 1α-25(OH)2D3. 1α-25(OH)2D3 mRNA was determined semi-quantitatively using the fluorescent dye PicoGreen. Immunoblotting was used for the detection of 1α-25(OH)2D3 protein. Finally, enzymatic activity was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Both butyrate and 1α-25(OH)2D3 stimulated differentiation of Caco-2 cells after a 48 h incubation period, while 25(OH)2D3 had no impact on cell differentiation. Synergistic effects on differentiation were observed when cells were co-incubated with butyrate and vitamin D metabolite. Butyrate transiently upregulated 1α-25(OH)2D3 mRNA followed by a timely delayed protein upregulation. Coincidently, enzymatic activity was enhanced significantly. The induction of the enzyme allowed for comparable differentiating effects of both vitamin D metabolites. CONCLUSION: Our experimental data provide a further mechanism for the involvement of the vitamin D signaling pathway in colonic epithelial cell differentiation by butyrate. The enhancement of 1α-25(OH)2D3 followed by antiproliferative effects of the vitamin D prohormone in the Caco-2 cell line suggest that 25(OH)2D3 in combination with butyrate may offer a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of colon cancer.     

血清25羟维生素D缺乏与2型糖尿病周围神经病变的相关性

目的 探讨血清25羟维生素D[25（OH）D]缺乏与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的关系.方法 DPN患者（DPN组）76例、T2DM未合并DPN患者（T2DM组）70例以及正常对照者（NC组）50名.采用ECLIA测定血清25（OH）D水平,并进行3组间比较. 结果 DPN组25（OH）D水平（30.55±8.95） nmol/L低于T2DM组（58.86±15.79） nmol/L和NC组（60.10±6.63） nmol/L（P＜0.01）.相关分析显示,HbA1 c、TC、LDL-C与25（OH）D水平均呈负相关（P＜0.05）;二元Logistic回归分析显示,25（OH）D缺乏与DPN相关（OR=1.212,P=0.000）. 结论 25（OH）D缺乏是DPN的独立危险因素.     

维生素D缺乏与高血压病患者血清NT pro BNP浓度的关系

目的:研究高血压病患者中维生素D的缺乏与血清N末端脑钠尿肽原（NT-pro-BNP）浓度的关系。方法:选取2009年～2012年住院高血压病患者，根据血清25-羟维生素D［25(OH)D］浓度由高到低将入选患者分为4组:A组:对照组25(OH)D浓度≥30 ng/ml；B组:20 ng/ml<25(OH)D浓度<30 ng/ml；C组:10 ng/ml<25(OH)D浓度<20 ng/ml；D组:25(OH)D浓度≤10 ng/ml，测定血清NT-pro-BNP浓度，并作受试者血清各指标与血清NT-pro-BNP浓度相关性的分析。结果: B组和C组血清NT-pro-BNP浓度较对照组没有显著性差异。D组血清NT-pro-BNP浓度较对照组明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），D组血清NT-pro-BNP浓度较C组升高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），即随着血清25(OH)D浓度的降低其血清NT pro BNP浓度显著升高。受试者血糖、血钙、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、同型半胱氨酸、肌酐、甲状旁腺素与血清NT pro-BNP浓度没有相关性。结论:维生素D的缺乏明显增加高血压病患者发生心力衰竭的风险。     

Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Objective: To investigate the frequency and effects of vitamin D deficiency in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a region which is known to have a high rate of vitamin D deficiency among adolescents. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 120 children and adolescents with T1D (55 girls and 65 boys) aged 3-20 years were evaluated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured. Hemoglobin A1c levels and daily insulin requirement were also evaluated. Classification of vitamin D status was made according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)/LWEPS’s recommendations. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their vitamin D status and also according to the season of the year in which 25(OH)D sampling was done. Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels revealed vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in 38% of the patients. Higher PTH levels were found in the patient group whose mean 25(OH)D level was <20 ng/mL as compared to the group whose mean 25(OH)D level was >20 ng/mL (p<0.05). Only 11% of patients had secondary hyperparathyroidism. The 25(OH)D levels of patients whose serum samples were taken in summer and spring months were significantly different (p<0.05). There were no significant correlationsbetween 25(OH)D level and daily insulin dose. Conclusion: Although we could not show a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic parameters, the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in T1D children is substantial. Vitamin D status should be assessed also in patients who do not have signs of rickets.Conflict of interest:None declared.     

2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变患者血清维生素D水平变化及意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变(DR)患者血清维生素D水平变化及意义,为DR的早期防治提供诊断依据。方法选取2012年1月—2019年1月于该院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者219例进行研究,分为T2DM不伴DR(NDR)组73例、T2DM伴非增殖期DR(BDR)组69例和T2DM伴增殖期DR(PDR)组77例。收集所有患者临床资料,ELISA法测定血清25羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平,检测各组空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C肽、血脂,C-反应蛋白(CRP)和肝、肾功能等生化指标。将25(OH)D3与各指标间进行相关性分析,并将25(OH)D3按照国际诊断标准,分为维生素D缺乏组[25(OH)D3<20 ng/mL]及非维生素D缺乏组[25(OH)D3≥20 ng/mL],比较两组间DR的发病率及风险,并进一步对DR的危险因素行Logistic回归分析。结果T2DM各组血清25(OH)D3水平由低到高依次为PDR组相似文献   

Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients in the south central United States

We evaluated the prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients in the South-Central United States. The study consisted of a cross-sectional assessment of vitamin D levels in HIV-infected patients receiving routine clinical care from a private practice in Houston, Texas (latitude 29°N). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D less than 20?ng/ml (<50?nmol/liter). Two-hundred enrolled patients were surveyed with a vitamin D questionnaire to determine daily supplemental vitamin D intake, dietary vitamin D intake, and average sunlight exposure (minutes/day). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Median 25(OH)D was 15.5?ng/ml (interquartile range 10.9-24.6) for the total population (n=200). Approximately, two-thirds (64%) of patients had vitamin D deficiency and 20.5% had severe vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <10?ng/ml or <25?nmol/liter]. In univariate analysis, African-American race, current tobacco use, increased body mass index (BMI), lower serum calcium level, no supplemental vitamin D use, and low daily supplemental and total daily vitamin D intake were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. In multivariate analysis, African-American race [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83-6.82)], higher BMI [AOR 1.07 (95% CI 1.002-1.139)], and low daily vitamin D supplemental intake [AOR 0.997 (95% CI 0.996-0.999)] were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. No HIV factors including antiretroviral class use were significantly associated with either vitamin D deficiency or severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and severe vitamin D deficiency were highly prevalent in this HIV population. In the HIV population, African-Americans or patients with a high BMI may benefit from vitamin D supplementation.     

Vitamin d deficiency and seasonal variation in an adult South Florida population

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with impaired neuromuscular function, bone loss, and fractures. If a person is not taking a vitamin supplement, sun exposure is often the greatest source of vitamin D. Thus, vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon in the winter, particularly in northern latitudes. Our goal was to establish the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in south Florida (U.S.), a region of year-round sunny weather. At the end of the winter, 212 men and women attending an internal medicine clinic at a local county hospital were enrolled for measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and PTH; 99 participants returned at the end of summer. The mean (+/-sd) winter 25(OH)D concentration was 24.9 +/- 8.7 ng/ml (62.3 +/- 21.8 nmol/liter) in men and 22.4 +/- 8.2 ng/ml (56.0 +/- 20.5 nmol/liter) in women. In winter, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, defined as 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/liter), was 38% and 40% in men and women, respectively. In the 99 subjects who returned for the end of summer visit, the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 31.0 +/- 11.0 ng/ml (77.5 +/- 27.5 nmol/liter) in men and 25.0 +/- 9.4 ng/ml (62.5 +/- 23.5 nmol/liter) in women. Seasonal variation represented a 14% summer increase in 25(OH)D concentrations in men and a 13% increase in women, both of which were statistically significant. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is considerable even in southern latitudes and should be taken into account in the evaluation of postmenopausal and male osteoporosis.     

维生素D缺乏与高血压病患者血清NT-pro-BNP浓度的关系

目的：研究高血压病患者中维生素D的缺乏与血清N末端脑钠尿肽原（NT-pro-BNP）浓度的关系。方法：选取2009年～2012年住院高血压病患者,根据血清25．羟维生素D[25（OH）D]浓度由高到低将入选患者分为4组：A组：对照组25（OH）D浓度i〉30ng／ml;B组：20ng／ml〈25（OH）D浓度〈30ng／ml;C组：10rig／ml〈25（OH）D浓度〈20ng／ml;D组：25（OH）D浓度≤10ng／ml,测定血清NT-pro-BNP浓度,并作受试者血清各指标与血清NT-pro-BNP浓度相关性的分析。结果：B组和c组血清NT-pro-BNP浓度较对照组没有显著性差异。D组血清NT-pro-BNP浓度较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,D组血清NT-pro-BNP浓度较c组升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,即随着血清25（OH）D浓度的降低其血清NT-pro-BNP浓度显著升高。受试者血糖、血钙、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlC）、同型半胱氨酸、肌酐、甲状旁腺素与血清NT-pro-BNP浓度没有相关性。结论：维生素D的缺乏明显增加高血压病患者发生心力衰竭的风险。     

No Significant Association Between Vitamin D and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Population

Background

Some research evidence from Western populations suggests that lower vitamin D is associated with the prevalence and histologically assessed severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aims

To investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and vitamin D status (deficiency <20 ng/ml; insufficiency 20–30 ng/ml; sufficiency >30 ng/ml) with the prevalence of NAFLD in study population of Chinese.

Methods

Serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, lipids, liver enzymes, and anthropometric characteristics were measured in 1,248 subjects aged ≥20 years. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasound examination.

Results

The prevalence of NAFLD was 30.3 % in the total study population, 37.9 % in the male subjects, and 20.8 % in the female subjects (P < 0.0001). Subjects with NAFLD had a significantly higher body mass index, higher levels of fasting blood glucose and liver enzymes, and a more atherogenic lipid profile. However, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly different between subjects with and without NAFLD (22.1 vs. 22.8 ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.21). In addition, a 10 ng/ml higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.84–1.25, P = 0.82] or vitamin D status (vs. sufficiency: deficiency OR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.54–1.37, P = 0.52; insufficiency OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.61–1.52, P = 0.87) were not significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD in the multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions

Serum 25(OH)D concentrations or vitamin D status were not significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD. More studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between vitamin D and the occurrence of NAFLD in Chinese.     

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Deficiency in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is a treatable condition that has been associated with coronary artery disease and many of its risk factors. A practical time to assess for 25(OH)D deficiency, and to initiate treatment, is at the time of an acute myocardial infarction. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and the characteristics associated with it in patients with acute myocardial infarction are unknown. In this study, 25(OH)D was assessed in 239 subjects enrolled in a 20-hospital prospective myocardial infarction registry. Patients enrolled from June 1 to December 31, 2008, had serum samples sent to a centralized laboratory for analysis using the DiaSorin 25(OH)D assay. Normal 25(OH)D levels are ≥30 ng/ml, and patients with levels <30 and >20 ng/ml were classified as insufficient and those with levels ≤20 ng/ml as deficient. Vitamin D levels and other baseline characteristics were analyzed with the linear or Mantel-Haenszel trend test. Of the 239 enrolled patients, 179 (75%) were 25(OH)D deficient and 50 (21%) were insufficient, for a total of 96% of patients with abnormally low 25(OH)D levels. No significant heterogeneity was observed among age or gender subgroups, but 25(OH)D deficiency was more commonly seen in non-Caucasian patients and those with lower social support, no insurance, diabetes, and lower activity levels. Higher parathyroid hormone levels (45.3 vs 32.7 pg/ml, p = 0.029) and body mass indexes (31.2 vs 29.0 kg/m(2), p = 0.025) were also observed in 25(OH)D-deficient subjects. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is present in almost all patients with acute myocardial infarction in a multicenter United States cohort.     

25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in renal transplant recipients

CONTEXT: Bone disease after kidney transplantation is a common problem. The serum levels of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D] have been studied extensively. In contrast, there has not been much concern about the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D]. However, it is well recognized that serum levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D are often normal in vitamin D-deficient patients. Moreover, inadequate serum 25(OH)D may limit the extrarenal production of 1,25(OH)(2)D that could lead to increased risk of many chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed whether renal transplant patients were at a higher risk of 25(OH)D deficiency because of the consequence of their need to protect themselves from sun exposure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: We hypothesized that renal transplant recipients are at high risk to develop 25(OH)D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D levels were analyzed in renal transplant patients with adequate renal function and in an age- and gender-matched control group (n = 31) at the end of winter. All renal transplant patients practiced solar UV-protection after transplantation. 25(OH)D levels were compared using a nonparametrical test (Wilcoxon rank sum test). RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in renal transplant patients compared with controls (P = 0.007). Geometric mean (with 95% confidence interval) in renal transplant patients was 10.9 ng/ml (8.2-14.3) compared with 20.0 ng/ml (15.7-25.5) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Renal transplant recipients are at high risk to develop 25(OH)D deficiency. Treatment with vitamin D is recommended to correct their vitamin D deficiency, which may help protect them from serious vitamin D deficiency-related health problems that include an increased risk for internal malignancies.