SII、NLR对于恶性梗阻性黄疸患者PTCD胆道金属支架置入术后生存时间的影响

目的分析炎性因子对恶性梗阻性黄疸PTCD胆道金属支架置入术后生存时间的影响。方法回顾14例行PTCD胆道金属支架置入术的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者。比较术前、术后1周、术后1个月和术后4个月患者的ALT、AST、TBil、Alb水平。术前的基线数据用来计算患者炎症相关因子,包括SII、PLR、NLR、MLR。用Kaplan-Meier方法和Cox模型分析累积生存率。结果 ALT、AST、TBil在PTCD胆道金属支架置入术后明显下降,而白蛋白水平在术后4月较前上升。术后中位随访时间10个月,7例患者死亡。通过log-rank检测和Cox模型分析,SII和NLR和患者生存率相关。结论 PTCD胆道支架置入是对于恶性梗阻性黄疸患者是个较好的临床治疗方法,SII和NLR水平的增高和低生存率相关。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸合并肝硬化患者PTCD术后并发症分析

目的总结并分析恶性梗阻性黄疸合并肝硬化患者经皮肝穿刺胆道造影引流术（PTCD）术后并发症特点。方法恶性梗阻性黄疸伴肝硬化患者25例,均行PTCD及胆管支架置人术。结果本组患者手术均成功,术后1个月内出现再梗阻及胆管感染1例,引流管移位并出血1例,引流管堵塞4例,腹水3例,严重低蛋白血症5例,电解质紊乱3例,经治疗后出院,无院内死亡患者。结论恶性胆管梗阻合并肝硬化患者PTCD术后腹水、营养不良、电解质紊乱等并发症发生率较高。     

金属支架联合放疗治疗胆管恶性梗阻的临床观察

目的探讨应用经内镜胆道金属支架置入术（EMBE）联合放射疗法治疗晚期胆管恶性梗阻的疗效。方法12例失去手术机会的晚期胆管恶性梗阻患者,接受经内镜胆管金属支架置入术,支架置入2～3周后行放射治疗,观察随访。结果置管成功率100％,没有出现与手术有关的严重并发症。术后1周胆红素平均下降50％～60％。所有患者术后2～3周均给予放射治疗,随访6个月未再出现黄疸。有5例生存期超过1年。结论胆道金属支架置入联合放射疗法治疗晚期胆管恶性梗阻患者,可改善临床症状,提高患者的生活质量,延长生存期。是一种较好的姑息治疗手段。     

消化系统疾病的介入治疗——恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)一经发现，仅5％～20％患者可行外科切除和分流术，且手术并发症和术后病死率较高。经皮肝胆管引流(PTCD)是对恶性梗阻性黄疸的一种姑息性治疗方法，短期内减黄效果显著，配合胆道支架置入术，使恶性梗阻性黄疸患者生存期得到明显改善。     

胆道支架联合经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效

目的观察胆道支架联合经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)对晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床应用价值。方法 74例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,均在DSA透视下经PTCD途径置入金属胆道支架。结果所有患者介入治疗后黄疸、皮肤瘙痒均明显减轻,术后胆红素水平显著下降(P0.01),肝功能较前好转(P0.01)。术后3个月生存率94.6%,6个月生存率60.8%,12个月生存率20.3%。结论胆道支架联合PTCD可有效缓解恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的临床症状,改善肝功能,提高生活质量,延长生存期。     

经皮穿刺胆道引流管及内支架置入治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸

目的分析介入性经皮穿刺胆道引流管及内支架植入术治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的技术与疗效。方法对11例患者采用经皮肝穿刺胆道引流管及内支架置入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸。胆道梗阻部位位于胆总管3例、肝总管6例,左右肝管汇合部2例。结果11例共置入金属内支架6枚,5例置入引流管,其中外引流4例,内外引流1例。术后1周复查血清生化指标,总胆红素（TBil）、碱性磷酸酶及丙氨酸转氨酶均下降明显。5例于术后10月内死亡,均与胆道引流无直接因果关系。术后1个月,3项血清生化指标均有更为显著的下降。跟踪随访,平均随访5个月,5例仍存活。1例失访。期内4例TBil降至正常范围,3例TBil下降至接近正常水平。结论经皮穿刺胆道引流管及内支架植入术治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸是一种安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法,可明显缓解黄疸,改善肝脏功能,提高生存质量,并可延长生存时间。     

经PTCD与ERCP途径胆道金属支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻对比研究

背景本文通过对恶性胆道梗阻患者内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograp hy,ERCP)与经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD)两种途径进行胆道金属支架置入治疗,观察两种手术方式对患者肝功能及黄疸的影响,分析两种手术方式临床应用优劣.目的探讨对恶性胆道梗阻患者行ERCP和PTCD途径胆道金属支架置入治疗对肝功能与黄疸的影响.方法回顾性分析2012-06/2017-06天津医科大学第二医院接诊的156例恶性胆道梗阻患者临床资料,按治疗方式不同将其分为两组. ERCP组72例患者行经ERCP途径胆道金属支架置入治疗, PTCD组84例患者经PTCD途径胆道金属支架置入治疗.比较两组肝功能[总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBiL)、谷氨酰转移酶(glutamyl transferase,GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase, ALT)]、手术成功率、住院时间和费用、黄疸改善情况、生存时间和并发症发生情况.结果术后各时点两组TBiL、GGT、ALP、ALT水平较术前均有明显降低,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);E R C P组和P T C D组手术成功率分别为91.67%(66/72)、95.24%(80/84),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);ERCP组和PTCD组住院时间分别为13.54d±4.01 d、19.11 d±4.33 d,住院费用分别为47940.39元±4638.94元、51347.61元±6123.55元,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05); ERCP组和PTCD组黄疸改善率分别为87.88%(58/66)、90.00%(72/80),差异无统计学意义(P0.05); ERCP组生存时间为11.02 mo±1.23mo,PTCD组生存时间为11.27mo±1.19mo,差异无统计学意义(P0.05); ERCP组总并发症发生率为5.56%(4/72)低于PTCD组的21.43%(18/84),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论经PTCD与ERCP途径胆道金属支架置入均是治疗恶性胆道梗阻患者的有效方式,能改善黄疸、实现胆道引流,对肝功能影响与术后生存时间相似;与PTCD相比, ERCP并发症较低且住院时间和费用较少.     

恶性梗阻性黄疸双介入疗法的临床应用

探讨经皮经肝胆道引流术 (PTCD)及胆道内支架置入术 (PTIBS)并结合动脉持续灌注化疗或栓塞术 (双介入 )治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床意义。 35例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者采用PTCD PTIBS ,置入内支架术后 2周行局部72小时持续性动脉灌注化疗术或化疗性栓塞术 ,每 4～ 6周一次。 35例采用PTCD PTIBS均获得成功 ,术后 2周总胆红素从术前 (4 85± 12 0 ) μmol/L降至 (5 4± 30 ) μmol/L ,AKP与ALT均下降明显。 35例患者共施行动脉持续灌注化疗或栓塞 85次 ,随访 10～ 2 4个月 ,半年以上生存率 94 2 % ,支架开通率 85 7% ;一年以上生存率 71 4 % ,支架开通率 74 2 %。PTCD PTIBS并结合动脉持续灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是安全有效的方法 ,能提高患者的生存质量及延长生存期     

恶性阻塞性黄疸介入治疗46例的护理

目的探讨应用CT引导下经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的护理措施。方法对恶性阻塞性黄疸46例行术前术后心理护理,严密观察病情、体征、引流液,保持好导管,做好并发症护理,出院指导等。结果 46例病人均一次穿刺成功,30例行外引流术,16例行内、外引流术。其中13例于术后行胆道内支架术,12例于术后行经导管肝动脉栓塞术,5例于术后行腹腔动脉灌注术,6例于引流术后7～10 d,黄疸明显消退后出院。结论 CT定位引导下PTCD具有创伤小、并发症发生率低、近期效果好等优点,具有一定的临床应用价值。正确合理的护理能够提高疗效,改善预后。     

经皮穿刺内支架置入联合区域性动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的 观察经皮肝穿刺胆管内支架置入联合区域性动脉化疗的方法进行栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效.方法 梗阻性黄疸患者68例,采用经皮肝穿刺支架置入术(PTCD)联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞(TACE)观察治疗成功率、并发症及临床效果.结果 PTCD成功率100%,Ⅰ期支架置入成功率78.6%(44/56),Ⅱ期支架置入成功率100%(12/12).术后并发PTCD引流管脱落2例,腹腔出血2例.随访62例(6个月～3 a),平均生存时间为18.2个月.结论 采用PTCD联合TACE治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸,成功率高,并发症少,可延长患者生存期.     

肝门区转移癌所致梗阻性黄疸的内镜支架引流治疗临床效果分析

目的探讨内镜治疗肝门区转移癌所致梗阻性黄疸的临床应用价值。方法2006年开始随机选择自愿应用内镜治疗的晚期肝门区转移癌所致梗阻性黄疸患者,应用内镜胆道塑料内支架技术解除胆道梗阻,观察操作成功率、生存期等评价指标。共治疗肝门转移癌梗阻性黄疸患者38例,其中肝癌13例,胆囊癌3例,胃癌14例,食管癌2例,回肠腺癌1例,胰腺癌5例。结果所有患者治疗成功且临床黄疸完全消退,随访生存期92～521d,平均（185．42±104．41）d。随访观察5例患者更换胆道支架,更换时间3～14个月,平均（8．6±4．1）个月,其中支架移位1例,胆泥阻塞2例,肿瘤阻塞2例。结论内镜支架引流术是肝门区转移癌所致梗阻性黄疸的一种有效治疗方法,具有较高的治疗成功率,可以一定程度延长患者的生存期。     

良、恶性阻塞性黄疸患者梗阻解除后肝功能变化的比较

目的比较良、恶性阻塞性黄疸患者胆道梗阻解除后的肝功能变化。方法对胆总管结石所致阻塞性黄疸患者(24例)行EST-ENBD治疗。胆管及壶腹部恶性肿瘤患者(20例)行PTCD胆管支架及内外引流术解除梗阻。检测比较患者术前1～3d及术后3d和7d的有关生化指标,包括谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)及胆汁酸(TBA)。结果(1)ENBD和PTCD两种方法整体上都可有效解除梗阻,通畅引流胆汁,减轻或消退黄疸(7d时两组TBIL分别下降约63%和33%)。与治疗前相比,随着梗阻的解降,各项肝功能指标亦逐步下降。(2)与梗阻解除前相比,两组患者治疗后ALT、AST及TBA均显著下降(P0.05)。良性梗阻组ENBD治疗前后TBIL、DBIL有显著差异(P0.01)。恶性梗阻组治疗后TBIL、DBIL数值较治疗前下降,但无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于良性阻塞性黄疸,EST/ENBD可有效解降梗阻,减轻黄疸,促进肝功能的恢复。而恶性阻塞性黄疸,PTCD胆管支架及内外引流术可以解除梗阻,通畅引流,促进转氨酶下降,但黄疸消退效果欠佳,可能有胆汁淤积等其它因素参与黄疸形成。TBA为反映胆道梗阻状态的较好指标。     

Percutaneous expandable metallic stent biliary endoprostheses used inmalignant and benign obstructive jaundice

AIM To evaluate the effects of expandable metallic stent biliary endoprostheses (EMSBE) viaultrasonographic guided percutaneous transhepatic approach on the treatment of benign and malignantobstructive jaundice.METHODS Thirty-eight patients with obstructive jaundice (29 males and 9 females) aged 27 to 69 years(mean 54.7 years) were studied. Of them, 4 were benign and 34 malignant obstructions. Percutaneoustranshepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed under ultrasonic guidance. A catheter was introducedinto the dilated bile duct via the introducer. A guide wire was inserted through the occlusive part of biliary duct after dilating with a double-lumen balloon catheter. A self-expandable metallic stent was inserted intcthe occlusive bile duct under fluoroscopic control.RESULTS The success rate of sonographic guided PTC was 100% (38/38) and the success rate of stentimplantation was 86.8% (33/ 38). Biliary obstruction was eliminated immediately, jaundice subsidedgradually and symptoms relieved after the procedure. During the 3 to 28 months fellow-up, re-occlusionoccurred in 4 malignant cases which were corrected by balloon catheter dilation and/or by stent, one patienthad secondary cholangitis and fifteen died without jaundice 6 - 28 months after the procedure. The otherswere alive with no jaundice. No severe complications or side effects were observed.CONCLUSION EMSBE via sonographic guided percutaneous transhepatic approach is a reliable and safepalliative therapy for malignant jaundice and an ideal nonoperative method for benign biliary obstruction. Ithas a definite positive impact on the quality of patient life.     

Photodynamic therapy of malignant biliary strictures using meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin

OBJECTIVES: The palliation of patients with malignant bile duct obstruction using metal or plastic biliary stents may be limited by stent occlusion. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopically delivered meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy in the treatment of irresectable malignant biliary strictures and recurrent stent occlusion. METHODS: Thirteen patients with malignant biliary obstruction owing to carcinoma of the biliary tract (n=9), pancreas (n=3) or stomach (n=1), were studied. All had been initially palliated with metal (n=10) or polyethylene (n=3) biliary stents, but presented with recurrent obstructive jaundice because of local tumour progression. Patients received meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin 0.15 mg/kg intravenously 72 h before endoluminal light activation with an endoscopically placed optical fibre, followed by polyethylene stent insertion. RESULTS: Before photodynamic therapy, patients had a median of three (range 0-5) stent occlusions in the preceding 11 (2-22) months, with a median patency of plastic stents placed inside metal bile duct stents for recurrent stent occlusion of 3.5 (0.5-13) months. After photodynamic treatment, tumour necrosis and/or metal stent recanalization was seen in all patients, with a median of 0 (0-3) stent occlusions during 7 (1-43) months follow-up. The median patency of plastic stents placed inside metal stents after photodynamic therapy was 5 (1-43) months. The median survival after diagnosis and photodynamic therapy administration was 21 (10-56) and 8 (1-43) months, respectively. Photodynamic therapy was generally well tolerated but two patients developed cholangitis within the first week, complicated in one by a fatal liver abscess and two developed haemobilia within 4 weeks of treatment, one of whom died with a gall bladder empyema. CONCLUSION: In patients with malignant biliary obstruction, endoscopically delivered meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy causes efficient tumour necrosis and recanalization of blocked metal stents, but there is a significant risk of complications.     

Treatment of malignant digestive tract obstruction by combined intraluminal stent installation and intra-arterial drug infusion

AIM: To study the palliative treatment of malignant obstruction of digestive tract with placement of intraluminal stent combined with intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: A total of 281 cases of digestive tract malignant obstruction were given per oral (esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum), per anal (colon and rectum) and percutaneous transhepatic (biliary) installation of metallic stent. Among them, 203 cases received drug infusion by cannulation of tumor supplying artery with Seldinger's technique. RESULTS: Altogether 350 stents were installed in 281 cases, obstructive symptoms were relieved or ameliorated after installation. Occurrence of restenotic obstruction was 8-43 weeks among those with intra-arterial drug infusion, which was later than 4-26 weeks in the group with only stent installation. The average survival time of the former group was 43 (3-105) weeks, which was significantly longer than 13 (3-24) weeks of the latter group. CONCLUSION: Intraluminal placement of stent combined with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy is one of the effective palliative therapies for malignant obstruction of the digestive tract with symptomatic as well as etiological treatment.     

Evaluation of covered metallic stents in malignant biliary stenosis--prominent effectiveness in gallbladder carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The survival time of patients with unresectable malignant biliary stenosis and the patent period of metallic biliary stents are different in each disease. The efficacy of the covered metallic stent was analyzed according to the primary disease. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-three patients with bile duct carcinoma (12 cases), gallbladder carcinoma (22 cases), and pancreas carcinoma (39 cases) were retrospectively enrolled. Covered metallic stents were used in 42 patients and uncovered metallic stents in 31 patients. The patency of covered stents was compared with that of uncovered stents for each disease. RESULTS: The patent rate at 6 months after insertion was 80.6% (95% CI [72.6%, 88.6%]) for the covered stent, and 49.5% (95% CI [37.6%, 61.4%]) for the uncovered stent. The mean patent periods of the covered stent and the uncovered stent were 14.6 and 27.6 months for bile duct carcinoma (p=0.424), 12.7 and 3.0 months for gallbladder carcinoma (p=0.003), and 11.9 and 9.6 months for pancreas carcinoma (p=0.919), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The covered metallic stent was the most effective in patients with gallbladder carcinoma.     

Human application of a metallic stent covered with a paclitaxel-incorporated membrane for malignant biliary obstruction: multicenter pilot study

BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel, with its antitumor effect, may improve the function of metallic stents used for biliary drainage. However, clinical studies that use metallic stents covered with a paclitaxel-incorporated membrane (MSCPM) in the biliary tract of human beings have not been previously carried out. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an MSCPM for patients with malignant biliary obstruction. DESIGN AND SETTING: A case series that includes 4 endoscopy centers. PATIENTS: From July 2003 to August 2006, a total of 21 patients diagnosed with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. INTERVENTION: Endoscopic placement of an MSCPM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Stent occlusion, complications, stent patency, patient survival, and the periodic mean concentration of paclitaxel in the blood. RESULTS: Occlusion of the MSCPM was observed in 9 patients and was caused by bile sludge or clog in 4, tumor overgrowth in 3, and tumor ingrowth in 2. Complications included obstructive jaundice in 6, cholangitis in 3, and 1 patient showed stent migration with cholecystitis. The mean patency of a MSCPM was 429 days (median 270 days, range 68-810 days) and cumulative patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 100%, 71%, and 36%, respectively. The mean survival of patients was 350 days (median 281 days, range 68-811 days). The highest concentration of paclitaxel in the blood was found between 1 and 10 days after insertion. LIMITATIONS: Small number of patients and low rate of pathologic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic insertion of MSCPM is technically feasible, safe, and effective in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. In addition, MSCPM may exert local antitumor activity because of the steady release of paclitaxel.     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy for treatment of ampullary cancer

We describe the case of a patient for whom choledochoduodenostomy was performed under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for the treatment of obstructive jaundice. An 82-year-old man with ampullary cancer was considered operable, but he refused surgery. Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) with an 8.5-French plastic stent was performed 2 months later because of the development of obstructive jaundice. The EBD stent was occluded 5 months after the stent insertion, and EUS choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) was performed. Pneumoperitoneum occurred 1 day after the procedure, which resolved with conservative treatment. Six months later, multiple lymph node metastases occurred, and the patient was effectively treated by chemotherapy (S-1). The patient is still alive with a good quality of life more than 2 years after EUS-CDS. We conclude that EUS-CDS is an effective alternative to PTBD or EBD for patients with malignant biliary obstruction, especially due to ampullary cancer.     

Treatment of malignant biliary obstruction by combined percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with local tumor treatment

AIM: To evaluate the utility of local tumor therapy combined with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for malignant obstructive biliary disease. METHODS: A total of 233 patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated in our hospital with PTBD by placement of metallic stents and/or plastic tubes. After PTBD, 49 patients accepted brachytherapy or extra-radiation therapy or arterial infusion chemotherapy. The patients were followed up with clinical and radiographic evaluation. The survival and stent patency rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients underwent chemotherapy (11 cases of hepatic carcinoma, 7 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 4 cases of metastatic lymphadenopathy), and 14 patients received radiotherapy (10 cases of cholan-giocarcinoma, 4 cases of pancreatic carcinoma), and 13 patients accepted brachytherapy (7 cases of cholangio-carcinoma, 3 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 4 cases of metastatic lymphadenopathy). The survival rate of the local tumor treatment group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 97.96%, 95.92%, 89.80%, and 32.59% respectively, longer than that of the non treatment group. The patency rate at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 97.96%, 93.86%, 80.93%, and 56.52% respectively. The difference of patency rate was not significant between treatment group and non treatment group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that local tumor therapy could prolong the survival time of patients with malignant biliary obstruction, and may improve stent patency.     

胆道支架置入术联合125I粒子条胆道腔内照射治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者临床研究

目的 探讨胆道支架置入联合¹²⁵ I 粒子条胆道内照射治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者的临床疗效。方法 2015年6月～2017年10月我院收治的96例MOJ患者,55例行经皮经肝胆管引流( PTCD) 后行胆道支架植入术治疗(对照组),41例接受PTCD术后行胆道支架植入术联合¹²⁵ I 粒子条胆道腔内照射治疗(观察组)。结果 96例患者手术均获得成功,术后两组患者均无明显出血、腹膜炎、胆道穿孔、肠炎、胆道感染、白细胞明显降低、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生;在术后1个月,观察组和对照组血清TBIL分别为(32.6±19.2)μmol/L对(107.8±20.2)μmol/L,血清DBIL分别为(23.4± 12.4)μmol/L对(97.4±12.5)μmol/L,血清ALT分别为(30.4±16.5)U/L对(85.9±19.8)U/L,血清AST分别为(30.7±13.2)U/L对(71.4±18.9)U/L,血清CA199分别为(30.7±13.2)U/L对(71.4±18.9)U/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后,观察组胆道通畅时间为(6.4±3.8)个月,显著长于对照组【(2.9±1.8)月,P＜0.05】;观察组总有效率为53.7%,显著高于对照组的30.9%(P＜0.05);观察组患者中位生存时间为10.7 个月,显著长于对照组患者的6.2 个月(P＜0. 05) 。结论 采取胆道支架联合胆道腔内¹²⁵ I 粒子条植入照射治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者能抑制肿瘤生长,延长支架开放时间,延长患者生存时间,适合姑息性治疗。