小切口白内障囊外摘出与超声乳化白内障摘出效果比较

目的 比较小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术与超声乳化白内障吸出硬质人工晶状体植入术两种方法的临床效果。方法 分别对140只眼小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术及154只眼超声乳化硬质人工晶状体植入术的术后视力、角膜内皮丢失率，术中、术后并发症进行比较。结果 小切口非乳化组1周后视力＞0．5者115只眼(82．2％)，＜0．4者25只眼(17．8％)。超声乳化组＞0．5者128只眼(83．1％)，＜0．4者26只眼(16．9％)。角膜内皮丢失率，小切口非超声乳化组13．2％，超声乳化组12．8％。术后角膜内皮水肿：小切口非乳化组11只眼(7．86％)，超声乳化组10只眼(6．49％)。结论 小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出与超声乳化硬质人工晶状体植入术疗效相似，前者简便、易行、经济，适宜于基层医院开展。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障手术并发症分析

目的：分析小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出手术的并发症原因,总结防治经验。 方法：对485例（549眼）白内障患者行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术,对发生的并发症进行分析。 结果：术中后囊膜破裂18眼,虹膜根部离断2眼,前房出血6眼术后角膜水肿37眼,前房积血4眼,切口虹膜嵌顿9眼。 结论：小切口非超声乳化白内障手术安全,并发症的发生主要与术者熟练程度有关。     

非超声乳化巩膜隧道切口白内障摘出临床分析

目的：探讨非超声乳化巩膜隧道切口白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术的临床效果。方法：对42例51眼施行巩膜隧道切口白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术，做上方角膜缘后2mm长约6－7mm巩膜水平板层隧道切口，晶状体圈匙托出晶状体核，植入人工晶状体。结果：术后视力恢复快，术后1天，裸眼视力≥0.5者36眼（70．59％），术后1周裸眼及矫正视力＞0．05者41眼（80．39％），术后并发症少。结论：非超声乳化巩膜隧道切口白内障摘出术疗效好、术后并发症少、设备便宜、易＞0．5者41眼（80．39％），术后并发症少。结论：非超声乳化巩膜隧道切口白内障摘出术疗效好、术后并发症少、设备便宜、易于在基层开展。     

复明医疗队小切口非乳化白内障手术的体会

目的 探讨反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植人术的治疗效果及临床价值。方法 对648例(656眼)白内障患者采用反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口手法娩核白内障囊外摘出术，同时植人后房人工晶状体。结果 术后第1天裸眼或矫正视力≥0．5者占50．2％，第3天≥0．5者占61．5％，≥1．0者占19％。结论 反眉状巩膜隧道小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植人术有效、安全、简便、经济，适宜于白内障复明医疗队和基层医院开展。     

小切口非超声乳化白内障手术体会

目的评价反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术人工晶状体植入术的临床效果。方法对226例（266眼）白内障采用反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入手术。随访6～12个月。结果术后最佳矫正视力≥1．0者99眼（37．22％）,0．5～0．8者146眼（54．88％）。无严重并发症发生。结论反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术,效果良好。     

糖尿病白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术分析

目的 探讨糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植人术的效果。方法 对41例(45只眼)糖尿病患者施行白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植人术，术后观察视力、并发症情况。结果 术后视力0．3以上者35只眼(77．8％)，0．5以上者25只眼(55．6％)，≤0．1者2只眼(4．4％)。结论 糖尿病白内障患者行超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术切口小、视力恢复快、并发症少、安全有效。     

反眉形小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术联合人工品状体植入术在农村白内障复明手术中的应用。方法经巩膜隧道行反眉形小切口白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入的老年性白内障96例（96眼），分析其术后并发症及术后恢复视力情况。结果术后3天，视力0．5以上者31眼（32．29％），0.3以上者24眼（25．00％）。4周后视力达0．6以上者46眼（47．92％），0．3以上者35眼（37．50％）。术后并发症在1月内消失。结论老年性白内障采用小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出并人工晶状体植入术，手术组织损伤轻，术后视力恢复快，散光小，由于费用较低，易在广大农村基层医院推广。     

小切口白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术临床效果

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化无缝线白内障摘出人工品状体植入的优点及应用。方法对1089例实行小切口非超声乳化术,观察术中,术后并发症及术后视力恢复情况,结果术中虹膜脱出20眼,虹膜撕裂及根部断离6眼,术后角膜水肿12眼,继发高眼压5眼,前房积血6眼、术后视力≥1．0者156眼,i〉0．5者405眼,≥0．3者326眼,〈0．3者202眼。结论小切口非超声乳化无缝线白内障摘出人工晶状体植入并发症少,术后视力恢复快,适宜在基层医院开展。     

青光眼滤过术后超声乳化人工晶状体植入观察

目的探讨青光眼滤过术后表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术后的疗效及并发症。方法对29例(30眼)有青光眼滤过史的患者，表面麻醉下进行颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术，观察其术中术后并发症，以及矫正视力。结果30眼均顺利完成超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入。术后1周，视力0．06者1眼，0．1～0．2者3眼，0．3～0．5者10眼，大于0．5者16眼。术中2例(2眼)发生后囊破裂，术后房水闪光( )，人工晶状体表面色素沉着，角膜水肿等并发症。结论青光眼滤过术后，表面麻醉下颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术能使患者获得较好的视力，并发症少。     

高度近视白内障小切口非超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的　评价高度近视白内障小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的效果。方法　眼轴 >2 6 mm的高度近视合并白内障 88例 (91只眼 )。其中核性白内障 4 9只眼 ,后囊下白内障 32只眼 ,皮质性白内障 10只眼。施行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果　术后 1月裸眼视力≥ 0 .5者 4 6只眼(5 0 .5 5 % ) ,矫正视力≥ 0 .5者 5 8只眼 (6 3.74 % )。术后散光轻 ,伤口愈合快 ,视力提高快 ,并发症少。结论　小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术是高度近视合并白内障较理想的手术方式。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.