金属内支架置入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸12例

目的 研究经皮胆道内支架置入术姑息性治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床效果并进行分析。方法 12例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者共植入14枚胆道内支架,其中原发性肝癌4例,胃癌肝门转移2例,胰腺癌3例,壶腹癌3例,10例支架植入后进行了局部治疗。结果 12例采用经皮肝穿放置胆道支架均获得成功,技术成功率8.3％（1／12）,早期并发症率16.7％（2/12）,6个月生存率58.3％,6个月胆道再狭窄率25％（3／12）,春中1例进行了再次介入治疗。结论 经皮胆道内支架置入术是姑息性治疗手术不能切除的恶性梗阴性黄疸患者的有效方法。     

经皮肝穿胆道内涵管置入治疗梗阻性黄疸

目的：探讨经皮肝穿胆道内涵管置入治疗梗阻性黄疸的疗效及并发症。方法对５５例梗阻性黄疸患者行经皮肤穿胆道内涵管置入术,其中４５例随访３０至３３２天,观察近中期疗效和并发症。结果：经皮肝穿胆道内涵管置入术技术成功率为１００％,置入后血总胆红素水平较置入前明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）。开通时间平均为１０８天,半年开通率为５６％。并发症发生率１６％,主民括胰腺炎和逆行胆道感染等。结论：经皮肝穿胆道内涵管置入术     

介入疗法治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸42例

目的探讨介入疗法对恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的治疗效果。方法入组42例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流术(PTCD)和(或)裸金属内支架置入术,在胆道内置入内外引流管和(或)裸金属内支架,进行引流胆汁的姑息性治疗。结果全组42例患者经皮肝穿刺胆管术均一次成功,成功率100%。术后2周,血清总胆红素水平明显下降,肝功能明显改善。本组患者平均生存期为9个月,最长可达20个月。结论介入疗法对恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸是一种有效的姑息性治疗手段。     

经皮肝穿胆道内支架置入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸(附25例报告)

经皮肝穿胆道内支架置入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸,是临床重要姑息性治疗手段,可替代传统的胆管内、外引流术和外科姑息性胆肠吻合术[1].     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

目的 :探讨介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床价值。方法 :31例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者先行PTCD( 17例 )及金属支架置入术 ( 14例 ) ,1周后行肝动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗。结果 :31例PTCD或胆道内支架置入后 ,血清总胆红素下降。 2例患者 2个月内死于与本治疗无关的原因。 2例支架再狭窄。所有病例均获随访 ,平均生存 9个月 ,最长 2 6个月。结论 :介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种有效的方法 ;介入治疗可以延长恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的生存时间。     

经皮胆道支架置入在恶性梗阻性黄疸的应用

[目的]探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道支架置入术在恶性胆道梗阻的临床应用价值。[方法]对37例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者实施经皮肝穿刺胆道支架置入术，其中15例合并选择性动脉灌注化疗术。[结果]经皮肝穿刺胆道支架置入术技术成功率100％。37例共置入支架41枚，其中30例置入单支架，4例置入双支架，3例右侧置入支架，左侧保留外引流管。术后2周，35例黄疸消退显著．血清总胆红素（STB）由术前（312．5±74．3）μmol／L下降至（96．53±47．3）μmol／L，碱性磷酸酶（AKP）由术前（692．5±160．5）IU／L下降至（196．55±105．2）IU／L，与术前相比均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。33例获得随访，生存期5．5—21个月．平均9．5个月。[结论]经皮肝穿刺胆道支架置入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸创伤小、减黄效果确切，有利于后续抗肿瘤治疗，对于延长患者生命，提高生活质量具有切实疗效。     

胆道支架置入术治疗胆道恶性梗阻

目的:评价胆道支架置入术治疗胆道恶性梗阻的价值.方法:135例胆道恶性梗阻患者,应用经皮肝穿胆道造影及支架置入技术,其中87例合并动脉内化疗或化疗栓塞术,48例单纯应用支架置入术.结果:单支置入128例,双支置入7例.支架置入术成功率为99.3%(成功植入142支/首次预计植入143支).黄疸完全缓解率86.7%(117/135),总有效率97.8%(132/135).6个月、12个月及24个月生存率分别为71.1%(96/135)、43.7%(59/135)及11.9%(16/135),联合抗肿瘤治疗与单纯支架治疗12个月生存率分别为:54.0%(47/87)及25.0%(12/48),统计学处理有显著性差异(X2=10.59,P＜0.001).支架再狭窄或阻塞21例,经皮穿刺外引流或支架内再置入支架治疗,黄疸再次消失.结论:胆道支架置入术减黄疗效肯定,与抗肿瘤治疗联合应用可提高患者生存率.     

恶性梗阻性黄疸胆道内涵管入术28例

目的 探讨经皮肝胆道内涵管置入治疗梗阻性黄疸的疗效及并发症。方法 对48例梗阻性黄疸患者分为两组,28例为内涵组,行经皮肝穿胆道内涵管置入术;20例为对照组,用一般内科治疗（利胆、护肝等对症处理）。其中内涵管组28例随访35至356天,观察近中期疗效和并发症。结果 内涵管组：经皮肝胆道内涵管置入术技术成功率为100％,置入后血清总胆红素水平较置入前明显下降（P＜0.05）。对照组：随时间的延长血清总胆红素水平较治疗前明显上升（P＜0.001）。开通时间平均为98天,半年开通率为53.57％。内池管组：并发症发生率24.95％,主要为胰遥炎和逆行胆道感染等,对照组：并发症发生率30%(P＜0.05）。结论 经皮肝胆道内涵管置入术疗效可靠、安全、可作为胆管阻塞介入治疗的另一种选择。     

经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的:总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验.方法: 92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术.根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式.结果: 92 例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显.术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例.结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法.     

经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的：总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验。方法：92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术。根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式。结果：92例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显。术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例。结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法。     

PTC与PTBD在恶性梗阻性黄疸诊断治疗上的应用

本文报告对肿瘤性黄疸病人行PTC86例,PTBD30例的临床体会。指出PTC方法简单、成功率高、合并症少。PTBD治疗梗阻黄疸作用分为术前减黄和姑息外引流两方面。尤其是不需X线设备,床旁体表定位下的PTBD17例,15例成功,更为简便、合并症少,对梗阻性黄疸有治疗价值。作者建议,对肿瘤性黄疸病人采用以下诊治步骤:B超→ERCP→床旁PTBD→经管造影,决定治疗方案为进一步手术治疗或永久带管外引流,提供有力依据。     

经皮胆管穿刺并调强适形放疗治疗晚期肿瘤阻塞性黄疸

 目的　评价经皮胆管穿刺并调强适形放疗治疗晚期肿瘤阻塞性黄疸的疗效。方法　19例晚期肿瘤阻塞性黄疸患者经皮胆管穿刺体外引流并调强适形放疗。按世界卫生组织（WHO）标准评价近期疗效。结果　19例患者中完全缓解（CR）2例（10.5 %）,部分缓解（PR）15例（78.9 %）,稳定（NC）1例（5.3 %）,进展（PD）1例（5.3 %）,总有效（CR+PR）率89.4 %（17／19）,黄疸消退缓解率94.7 %（18／19）。患者 6、 12、18个月生存率分别为78.9 %（15／19）、47.4 %（9／19）、15.8 %（3／19）,中位生存期10个月。结论　采用经皮胆管穿刺并调强适形放疗方法治疗晚期肿瘤阻塞性黄疸患者,虽然是一个姑息治疗,但仍取得了较好的治疗效果,且不良反应小,患者可以耐受,值得进一步临床研究。     

Palliative care for patients with advanced pancreatic and biliary cancers

Because most patients with pancreatic and biliary cancer have advanced disease, the palliation of debilitating symptoms is critically important in patient management. A multidisciplinary team consisting of representatives from surgery, medical oncology, gastroenterology, radiology, and palliative care medicine is essential for the optimal palliation of symptoms. In this article, the key issues in palliative care for patients with advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer are discussed. In particular, the prevention and amelioration of suffering due to obstructive jaundice, gastric outlet obstruction, cancer-related pain, pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, and thromboembolic disease is addressed. To this end, an algorithm for the multidisciplinary management of these challenging patients is proposed with the goal of providing clinicians with a useful framework for providing palliative care for patients with advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer.     

三维适形放疗治疗胃肠道恶性肿瘤转移引起的梗阻性黄疸疗效观察

目的探讨三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗胃肠道恶性肿瘤转移引起的梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法 28例胃肠道恶性肿瘤转移引起梗阻性黄疸患者采用3DCRT技术放疗,必要时行经皮肝穿刺外引流术或胆道内支架植入术完成后续放疗,分割剂量为2.5Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量55～65Gy。结果 28例患者中,8例完全缓解（CR）,13例部分缓解（PR）,2例稳定（NC）,3例进展（PD）。2例放弃治疗。总有效率（CR＋PR）75.0%（21/28）。黄疸、上腹部疼痛、腹部包块、白陶土样大便缓解率分别为64.3%、89.4%、81.8%和75.0%。0.5,1,2年生存率分别为82.1%（23/28）、53.6%（15/28）和14.3%（4/28）。结论 3DCRT治疗胃肠道恶性肿瘤转移引起的梗阻性黄疸是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,近期疗效好,症状改善满意,远期疗效有待进一步探讨。     

58例恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗分析

目的：对58例恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗进行分析。方法：回顾性分析恶性梗阻性黄疸患者58例,男性30例,女性28例,平均年龄（60±29）岁,所有患者均经CT及MRI检查,结合临床确诊为恶性梗阻性黄疸,全部行PTCD或胆道支架置入,28例患者术后给予TACE治疗,3例患者行PTGD治疗。结果：58例患者均胆道穿刺成功,置入引流管或放置胆道支架,各项胆红素（TBL,DBL,IBL）下降至正常者50例,无明显下降者5例,升高者3例,28例行TACE治疗,6例行PTGD治疗。结论：PTCD及胆道支架置入缓解梗阻性黄疸明显,先TACE治疗患者生存期超过未行TACE治疗患者,高位梗阻患者（特别是老年患者）预后较差。     

Role of interventional radiography in the treatment of the hepato-pancreato-duodenal area,complicated by obstructive jaundice

We assessed the role of interventional radiological procedures used in the treatment of patients with hepatopancreatobiliary cancer complicated by obstructive jaundice. Between 1990 and 2000, 71 patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD): external drainage--18 (group A); external-internal drainage or stenting (group B), and external-internal drainage or stenting plus chemoinfusion or chemoembolization of the hepatic artery--15 (group C). Mean survival (M(SD) calculated for patients who died was 2.1(0.5 mo for group A; (pb,c(0.01), 7.9(6.7 mo (group B), and 16.6(14.8 mo for group C (NS with B). The actual one-year survival was 10, 25, and 45%, respectively. External-internal PTBD and stenting are safe effective palliative procedures for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Survival in patients with hepatopancreatobiliary cancer doubled after chemoinfusion or chemoembolization, without grave complications or lethality.     

Percutaneous transhepatic hybrid biliary endoprostheses using both plastic and metallic stents for palliative treatment of malignant common bile duct obstruction

To evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic hybrid biliary prostheses for palliative treatment in patients with common bile duct obstruction caused by advanced malignancies. A total of 13 consecutive patients was treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary endoprostheses concurrently using both plastic and metallic stents. Serum total bilirubin levels before and after stent placement were evaluated. The technical success rate, the period with no obstructive jaundice, patient survival and complications were also assessed. Median bilirubin levels decreased from 3.8 mg/dL before to 1.2 mg/dL after stent placement, and this difference was statistically significant. The median no‐jaundice period after bile duct stent placement was 6.0 months (range: 2–11 months), and overall survival time was 7.0 months. Of the 13 patients, nine did not have recurrent jaundice by the time of death, whereas four (31%) had recurrent jaundice. A second intervention was performed in these four patients. A new plastic stent was placed and jaundice did not recur up to the time of death. No serious complications such as cholangitis, pancreatitis or bile duct perforation developed. Percutaneous transhepatic hybrid biliary endoprostheses using both plastic and metallic stents can be useful as non‐invasive palliative treatment to relieve jaundice in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的内镜姑息治疗(附929例报道)

Objective:To review the experience with endoscopic palliative treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) in 929 patients. Methods:929 patients (598 males and 331 females) underwent 1215 endoscopic palliative drainages for MOJ in our hospital. Tumor obstruetion oeeurred in the distal common bile duet(CBD)(263 patients), the middle CBD (43),and the hilum(909).The mean bilirubin level was 284.3 μmol/L(range 26-810). Of the 1215 drainages, 599 were performed by stenting with plastic endoprosthesis, 385 by naso-biliary eatheterization, 167 by expandable metal stents,39 by combined drainage method,19 by tumor sphincterotomy and 6 by endoseopie fistulostomy. Results:The successful rate of endoscopic procedure was 94.3%. The jaundice symptom was improved in 81.8% of the patients with a significant reduetion of serum bilirubin in 64.7%. The complication after treatment occurred in 23 eases (2.6%), including eholangitis(23 eases), panereatitis (8 eases), and bleeding (one ease), and 3 eases were dead (0.2%).The median survival time of all patients was 14 months and life time analysis showed a life expectancy of 75.9%, 44.0% and 25.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. Conclusion:In the patients with MOJ seeondary to panereatobiliary malignancy, sueeessful endoscopic drainage provides adequate relief of biliary obstruetion and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. Enduseopie interventional treatment may be considered as an alternative of palliative biliary operation for the late stage of pancreatic and biliary malignaneies.     

经皮经肝胆管引流术与ERCP对接术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的探讨经皮经肝胆管引流术(PTBD)与ERCP对接术治疗恶性肿瘤导致的梗阻性黄疸的技术特点和临床效果。方法总结因恶性肿瘤导致的梗阻性黄疸患者ERCP失败后,实施PTBD与ERCP对接胆道支架植入术的治疗方法与临床效果。结果17例PTBD与ERCP对接治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸均获得成功。其中采取右侧肝管穿刺8例,左侧肝管9例;一次性对接成功14例,分次进行3例;术后4天血清总胆红素水平下降46.89%;血清直接胆红素水平下降43.05%。主要并发症为围手术期的胆道感染。结论PTBD与ERCP对接术是治疗ERCP失败的恶性梗阻性黄疸的另一新方法,具有良好的临床应用价值。