联合肝叶切除治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的研究联合肝叶切除术治疗肝门部胆管癌的手术方式、并发症及疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年3月67例肝门部胆管癌患者临床资料。联合左半肝切除23例,右半肝切除9例,尾状叶切除3例,右三叶、右前叶切除各4例,姑息性切除15例,内引流术4例,经皮肝穿刺胆道引流外引流术5例。结果死亡1例,手术并发症发生率37．31％（25／67）。联合肝叶切除组术后中位生存时间为31．1个月,高于姑息性切除组（15．8个月）。联合肝叶切除组的1、3、5年存活率为78．5％、48．3％和29％,姑息性切除组的1、3、5年存活率为43．5％、6．8％、0。术后随访率67．16％（45／67）。结论肝门部胆管癌应积极手术切除治疗,对无明显手术禁忌证的患者行包括肿瘤切除的联合肝叶切除的扩大根治术可延长患者存活期;围手术期正确处理是减少术后并发症,提高患者生活质量和延长存活期的关键。     

手术切除治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌手术治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析本院9年因肝门部胆管癌行手术切除的83例病人的临床资料和随访结果.结果 83例手术切除病人中行根治性切除（R0）31例,非根治切除52例（R1,R2）,术后出现并发症29例,死亡5例.根治性切除组中位生存期21.5个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为79.6%,43.3%和25.9%,明显优于非根治性切除组（P＜0.05），近5年本院根治性切除率达44.8%,中位生存期18.7个月,疗效明显提高（P＜0.05），结论 加强围手术期处理、术中行切缘冰冻病理检查、联合肝切除等可提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率、减少并发症和死亡率;根治性切除可更好延长病人生存期,使手术治疗肝门部胆管癌获得良好的疗效.     

肝叶切除在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用

目的 观察肝叶切除在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的疗效，探讨联合应用肝叶切除的意义和方法，方法 总结我院1991年9月至2001年9月10例肝门部胆管癌根治术中联合肝叶切除的情况。结果 本组无手术死亡，术后并发症少，疗效满意，结论 肝叶切除在肝门部胆管癌中有重要意义。其选用概述术中探查，及肝功能情况等综合考虑，肝动脉，门静脉受浸润仍有可能考虑行根治术。     

分步切除法在肝门部胆管癌联合肝叶切除中的应用

肝门部胆管癌侵犯右肝门时,对肿瘤及尾状叶的切除受肝右叶影响,操作困难,近2年我们对4例侵犯右肝门及(或)尾状叶的肝门部胆管癌病人,采用先切除右半肝再行肿瘤及尾状叶切除的方法(我们称之为“分步切除法”),进行联合尾状叶及右半肝切除的胆管癌治术,效果满意,现总结报告如下。     

规则性左半肝联合肝动脉切除治疗肝门部胆管癌1例报告

1临床资料患者男性49岁,“反复上腹疼痛不适,伴皮肤巩膜黄染二十余日”收住入院。入院B超提示：肝外胆管阻塞,左右肝内胆管扩张,胆囊炎伴胆囊内泥沙淤积,胆总管内低回声。MRCP提示肝门部胆管狭窄,右肝管显示,左肝管未显示,考虑肝门部胆管癌（III b）。肝功能示ALT 188U/L,AST 111U/L,TB 277μmol/L, DB 209μmol/L,ALB 38.6 g/L,AKP 644 U/L,GGT 477 U/L;血CA19-9391.1 U/L。术前诊断为肝门部胆管癌（Bismuth III b）。于术中发现肝门部肿块3 cm×3 cm,延及十二指肠上方约1.5 cm处胆管,肝门部可及明显肿大淋巴结,肿块向左肝侵犯,局部侵润左右肝动脉壁及门静脉左支,门静脉主干及右支未见肿瘤侵犯。逐行肝门部胆管癌根治,规则性左半肝联合肝动脉切除＋尾状叶部分切除,显露二级右肝管的开口,整形后紧贴肝脏行右肝管空肠吻合术。术后病理报告：左肝门肿块恶性肿瘤,胆管腺癌伴肉瘤样分化,侵润被膜,切缘阴性,肝尾状叶腺癌组织侵润,肝门部淋巴结转移,肝总动脉旁侵润性转移或转移性腺癌,侵犯神经。术后患者出现肝功能异常,表现为ALT、AST升高,术后24 h达到高峰,分别为344 U/L、272 U/L,术后20 d时肝功能完全恢复正常,术后少量胆漏,每天100 mL,1月后自行愈合。至今已随访10个月,无肿瘤复发及肝叶坏死、肝脓肿等并发症出现。     

肝门部胆管癌诊断与外科治疗(附53例报告)

本文报告肝门部胆管癌53例。多数病人就诊时已出现黄痘,由于本病少见容易误诊,本组来院前误诊34例(64.2%)。51例B超检查中47例见肝内胆管扩张。CT检查5例,均有肝内胆管扩张,4例于肝门部见有团块影。53例中31例采取手术治疗,肿瘤切除10例(32.3%),切除术后死亡2例,切除术后出院的病人均获长期随访。本文着重探讨术中如何判断肿瘤切除的可能性、注意事项及术式选择。     

肝门部胆管癌的计划性肝切除

肝门部胆管癌(hilar cholangiocarcinoma)是原发于左右肝管及肝总管黏膜上皮的恶性肿瘤,又称高位胆管癌、上段胆管癌或Klatskin肿瘤,2009年AJCC第7版的TNM分期[1]将其归为肝门周围胆管癌或近侧胆管癌.肝门部胆管癌仍然是胆管癌的最常见类型,占胆管癌的50%～70%.由于肝门部胆管癌容易向胆管周围侵犯,甚至累及肝门部血管和肝实质,这给我们的外科根治性切除带来了更多的困难和挑战.     

联合肝切除治疗Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌19例

肝门部胆管癌（Klaskin瘤）起源于左右肝管汇合处或左右肝管,邻近肝动、静脉和肝实质,易侵犯肝门部血管、神经、淋巴和周围肝组织,故根治性切除率低。临床上常用Bismuth-corlette分型,Bismuth-corletteⅢ型是指肿瘤已侵犯右肝管（Ⅲa）或左肝管（Ⅲb）。笔者回顾性分析我院1998年1月—2008年1月收治的经联合肝切除治疗的Ⅲ型肝门部胆管癌19例患者的临床资料,报告如下。     

肝门部胆管癌的根治性切除(附33例报告)

近年来 ,肝门部胆管癌发病率呈上升趋势 ,手术切除率及术后生活质量已有明显提高〔1,2〕。但除少数医院之专业组的手术方式有一定进展外 ,就整体而言 ,目前对该病的手术治疗尚无实质性进展。鉴于此 ,作者回顾性分析了我院 1981～ 2 0 0 1年根治性切除的肝门部胆管癌 33例临床资料 (占同期肝门部胆管癌的 36 3% ) ,以期提高肝门部胆管癌的治疗效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料 :本组男 2 0例 ,女 13例。年龄 30～6 9岁 ,平均 5 6岁。病程 10～ 12 0ｄ ,1个月以上者占84 8% (2 8/ 33)。来我院就诊前曾在当地医院误诊为传染性肝炎 (5例 …     

联合肝叶切除及区域淋巴清扫治疗肝门部胆管癌的初步观察

目的:对联合肝叶切除及肝门区域淋巴清扫治疗肝门部胆管癌的实际效果作初步观察。方法:回顾性分析1998年至2005年间86例肝门部胆管癌病人根治性切除的临床与随访资料。结果:全组男58例,女28例,平均年龄(51.0±9.4)岁。均行骨骼化淋巴清扫,根据是否附加患侧半肝和(或)尾状叶切除分为肝切除组(53例)和未切肝组(33例)。全组获R0根治34例,术后疗效明显优于非R0根治者。肝切除组各种并发症发生率明显高于未切肝组,但术后生存期无明显差异。肝门部胆管癌淋巴结转移率较高(54.7%),淋巴结转移与否与术后疗效明显相关。结论:肝叶切除及区域淋巴清扫是提高肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率的重要手段,但是否能够达到根治性切除还有其他影响因素,应审慎决定是否施行肝叶切除。肝门部胆管癌有较高的淋巴结转移率,骨骼化淋巴清扫应成为操作规范,但何谓彻底的淋巴清扫仍待界定。     

No-touch resection of hilar malignancies with right hepatectomy and routine portal reconstruction

Background/Purpose  Locoregional recurrence following resection of hilar biliary cancers could be caused by the microscopic dissemination of cancer cells during dissection of the portal vein from the involved bile duct at the hilar region. This retrospective study assessed the feasibility and safety of a new procedure consisting of right-sided hepatectomy, caudate lobectomy, and bile duct resection combined with routine resection of the portal bifurcation to enable no-touch resection of hilar malignancies. Methods  Of 64 patients who underwent right-sided hepatectomy for hilar biliary cancer, the portal bifurcation was routinely resected by the above new procedure in 25 patients, based on preoperative imaging diagnoses. Perioperative outcomes were compared with those in patients who underwent conventional portal reconstruction (n = 18) and with those in patients who had preservation of the portal bifurcation (n = 21). Results  Perioperative data from patients with routine portal reconstruction were similar to those in the patients with conventional portal reconstruction and the patients without portal reconstruction. There were no postoperative complications directly related to portal reconstruction. Conclusions  No-touch resection of hilar malignancies with right hepatectomy and the routine use of portal reconstruction was feasible and safe. The oncologic impact of this technique merits further evaluation.     

进展期肝门部胆管癌的扩大切除——肝切除合并肝动脉及门静脉切除重建手术的临床应用

目的：探讨肝门部胆管癌病例的外科治疗手段,分析肝脏切除同时进行门静脉或肝动脉重建在进展期病例中的应用。方法：回顾性分析解放军总医院肝胆外科2007年1月-2010年12月手术治疗的104例肝门部胆管癌患者的病例资料。结果：104例患者均行手术探查,手术根治性切除51例（49．O％）,其中合并肝门部血管切除重建13例,姑息性切除25例（24O％）,引流手术28例（26．9％）。根治手术组中位生存期27个月,姑息性切除组中位生存期16个月,引流组中位生存期11个月。根治性手术组1年生存率76％,3年生存率51％,5年生存率38％;姑息性手术组1年生存率61％,3年生存率35％,5年生存率21％;引流手术组1年生存率33％,3年生存率2．1％,5年生存率为0。     

联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗10例肝门部胆管癌临床分析

目的分析联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗肝门部胆管癌10例患者的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年2月10例均接受联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗的肝门部胆管癌患者资料,分析手术情况、围术期并发症及随访结果。结果10例患者中实施左半肝联合尾状叶切除4例(Ⅲb型),右半肝联合尾状叶切除3例(Ⅲa型),尾状叶切除2例(Ⅱ型),切除肝门部胆管及部分左内叶、右前叶及尾状叶1例(Ⅳ型);接受肝右动脉切除重建6例,肝固有动脉切除重建4例;R0切除率为80.0%,围术期均无死亡病例,术后胆瘘、消化道出血、肝动脉血栓继发胆道感染各1例(10.0%),均经保守治疗后症状好转;术后随访9~24个月,3例患者分别因肿瘤复发、肝动脉血栓、肝脓肿而死亡,术后24个月的生存率为70.0%(7/10)。结论给予肝门部胆管癌患者联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗可提高R0切除率,改善肝功能,且患者围术期并发症少、术后生存率高。     

Recent advance in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: hepatectomy with vascular resection

Radical surgical resection has been revealed to be the only hope of cure for the patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, major efforts have been made to increase the resection rate by surgeons employing combined hepatic resection and vascular resection of the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Especially, the technical feasibility and surgical safety of hepatic resection with combined portal vein resection have recently been reported by several authors. On the other hand, there have been few reports of combined hepatic artery resection in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. There are fears that combined vascular resection with extended hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma may lead to high surgical morbidity and mortality. Herein, we describe the results of aggressive surgical approaches in our series, and we also review the outcomes of hepatic resection with combined vascular resection in the previously reported literature.     

Treatment strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, with special reference to the limits of ductal resection in right-sided hepatectomies

The surgical anatomy of the hepatic hilar region is characterized by the three-dimensional formation of the branches of the bile duct, portal vein, and hepatic artery. The limit of ductal resection in hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most peripheral point where the hepatic ducts can be separated from the vasculature. The limit is different for each type of hepatectomy because the portal vein branches that should be preserved or divided vary with the extent of the hepatectomy, and therefore the limit of separation of the hepatic ducts differs. Surgeons are required to understand the surgical anatomy and to identify the precise area of cancer spread on a preoperative cholangiogram so as to choose the appropriate type of hepatectomy, and to ensure that the remnant ductal margin is cancer-negative. This article is a translated excerpt from a work entitled “Surgical anatomy of the hepatic hilum” (S. Kondo, S. Hirano, et al.), originally published in Japanese, without an English abstract, in the Journal of Gastroenterological Imaging in 2004 (6:337–43). The publishers have granted permission for the use of the material as a secondary publication in English.     

肝癌肝切除术后常见并发症与处理

肝切除是肝癌的主要治疗方法,但术后并发症仍然是影响肝切除成功与否的重要因素。肝切除术后并发症包括术后出血,胆漏,肺部并发症和肝功能不全等仍然很常见,也影响到患者的康复和预后,尤其是老年肝切除患者。精准肝脏外科包括术前精确的评估,术中精细的操作和术后精心的管理是减少并发症发生、保证手术成功的重要理念和规范。预防性减少并发症的发生,及时有效的针对性处理是解决围手术期并发生症的关键。     

加速康复外科对肝门部胆管癌根治术的应用效果及并发症影响

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)对腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术的应用效果及并发症的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年3月2019年3月于我院肝胆外科行肝门部胆管癌根治术患者45例资料,将其分为围术期加速康复外科组及传统组,前者设为EARS组21例,后者设为常规组24例。采用统计软件SPSS24.0进行数据分析处理,围术期指标、VAS疼痛评分、应激反应指标等计量资料采用(±s)表示,行独立t检验;术后并发症采用χ^2检验,P<0.05为检验标准。结果EARS组术中出血量、术后恢复指标优于常规组,手术时间长于常规组(P<0.05)。术中淋巴结清扫、术后并发症总发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6 h、12 h、24 h两组疼痛程度随时间均明显增加,48 h时两组疼痛程度逐渐减低,EARS组疼痛度始终小于常规组(P<0.05)。术后1 d两组应激指标皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及白介素-6(IL-6)水平较术前明显升高,但第3天逐渐下降,EARS组始终明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论加速康复外科应用于肝门部胆管癌根治术中可有效促进患者术后快速康复,降低术后并发症的发生,临床应用效果较好。     

Aggressive surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: is it justified? Audit of a single center's experience

BACKGROUND: The current study presents our experience with resectional surgery for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC). METHODS: Medical records of 73 HC patients who were referred to our department between 1988 and 2006 were reviewed. Resectability rate, surgical mortality, and factors contributing to survival were investigated. RESULTS: Resectional surgery was performed in 59 patients (80.8%), 51 of whom (86.4%) underwent major hepatic resection. Negative margins were obtained in 35 of 51 patients (68.6%) and were associated with right-sided hepatectomy (80% vs 20%, P = .049). In-hospital mortality and morbidity were 6.8% and 25.4%, respectively. One-, 3- and 5-year survival rates after liver resection were 86%, 48.9%, and 34.9%, respectively. Histologic differentiation, left-sided hepatectomy, and inferior vena cava resection independently predicted survival. Patients undergoing R1 hepatectomy had significantly improved 5-year survival rates compared with patients who were unresectable (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Major hepatic resections with concomitant vascular resection and reconstruction, when needed, are justified for patients with Bismuth type III and IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma with negative nodes. Reluctance to incorporate segments V and/or VIII into a left lobectomy often results in tumor-positive margins and unfavorable prognosis. Resections for hilar lesions less than stage IVB, even when resulting in microscopically positive margins, confer prolonged survival compared with untreated patients. The results are further improved for patients with well-differentiated HC.     

联合肝叶及血管切除重建根治术治疗肝动脉受侵肝门部胆管癌的近期随访

目的探讨联合肝叶及血管切除重建根治术治疗肝动脉受侵肝门部胆管癌(HCCA)的临床效果和预后情况。方法回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年10月肝动脉受侵HCCA患者98例资料,根据手术方式不同将患者分为联合组(HCCA根治术+肝叶切除+肝动脉切除重建术)51例和姑息组(姑息性胆管肿瘤切除术/内引流减黄手术)47例。所有数据均采用SPSS22.0软件处理分析,两组患者术中术后各项指标以(±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验。并发症比较采用χ^2检验;采用Kaplan-meier绘制患者的生存曲线;以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果联合组手术时间、住院费用明显高于姑息组,但术中出血量、住院时间明显低于姑息组(P<0.05)。联合组并发症发生率为52.9%,与姑息组的42.6%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组均未发生围术期死亡。随访时间截至2019年11月,联合组的1年、2年、3年生存率分别为84.3%、66.7%、43.1%,,明显高于姑息组的17.0%、10.6%、4.3%(P<0.05)。结论联合肝叶及血管切除重建根治术用于治疗肝动脉受侵HCCA,可有效减少术中出血量,提高患者的生存率。