慢性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学检查（附32例报告）

目的：总结慢性前列腺炎患者可能存在的下尿路症状,并结合尿动力学分析各类症状出现的深层次原因,方法：对32例民性前列腺炎患者的尿流率,膀胱压力容积,压力－流率,前列腺压和肌电图进行综合性回顾分析,并与慢性细菌性和非细菌性前列腺炎组的尿动力学变化作了比较。结果：40．6％的患者存在不稳定性膀胱,34．4％,的患者有逼尿肌反邮进,46．9％的患者有膀胱出口梗阻,另有68．7％的患者存在逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调,慢性细菌性和非细菌性前列腺炎组中的尿动力学差异无显著性意义。结论：慢性前列腺炎患者出现不同程度的尿频,尿急,尿等待和排尿费力等下尿路症状可能与前列腺局部充血,逼尿肌反射亢进,膀胱出口梗阻和逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调有关。认识并解除这些相关因素可能有助于提高对慢性前列腺炎的综合疗效。     

女性下尿路症状的尿动力学分析(附283报告)

目的 研究以下尿路症状为主诉的女性患者的尿动力学变化及其临床意义。方法女性患者．年龄6-89岁，临床表现为储尿期（刺激性）和（或）排尿期（梗阻性）症状，采用尿动力学方法检查尿流率、同步膀胱压力容积流率及肛门括约肌肌电图测定、部分同步透视下行影像尿动力学检查。结果 以排尿症状为主者86例，以储尿症状为主者197例。不稳定膀胱57例，感觉性尿急30例。神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍32例，其中逼尿肌反射低下26例。逼尿肌反射亢进7例。逼尿肌收缩力低下26例。逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调1例。下尿路梗阻30例，其中膀胱颈梗阻6例，尿道远端狭窄11例，非神经原件逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调13例。压力性尿失禁68例，其中Ⅰ型19例，Ⅱ型12例。Ⅲ型14例，Ⅱ／Ⅲ型23例；TF常40例。结论 尿动力学检查能了解膀胱的功能状况和膀胱出口梗阻的部位，为临床治疗的选择提供了可靠的依据。     

难治性男性下尿路症状的尿动力学分析

目的：研究难治性男性下尿路症状病因及尿动力学表现。方法：选择24例外院诊断为慢性前列腺炎经反复治疗效果不佳的患者行尿动力学检查。根据膀胱测压、压力-流率、盆底肌电图及尿道压进行诊断。结果：24例中完成检查22例,结果异常18例。顺应性下降并发逼尿肌过度活动1例,逼尿肌过度活动4例,膀胱感觉过敏2例,功能失调性排尿2例,膀胱出口梗阻6例,逼尿肌收缩力下降3例。结论：尿动力学对难治性男性下尿路症状的疾病诊断及治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

尿动力学异常与慢性前列腺炎诊治关系的探讨

目的 :探讨下尿路功能性梗阻与慢性前列腺炎的关系。　方法 :通过尿动力学检查 ,证实 4 2例慢性前列腺炎病人存在下尿路功能性梗阻 ,主要表现有不稳定膀胱、括约肌痉挛、逼尿肌 外括约肌协同失调。 3 8例接受药物治疗 ,4例接受经尿道前列腺激光汽化术。　结果 :3 6例获得随访 ,治愈 2 5例 ( 69.4 % ) ,好转 10例 ( 2 7.8% ) ,无效 1例 ( 2 .8% )。　结论 :下尿路功能性梗阻在慢性前列腺炎的诊治中具有重要意义。     

经尿道前列腺切除术后排尿困难原因分析

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)后非机械梗阻造成的排尿困难的原因.方法:对12例TURP术后仍存在的排尿困难的患者进行尿动力学检查.结果:通过尿动力学检查发现10例存在膀胱逼尿肌收缩无力或下降,3例患者存在膀胱逼尿肌-尿道外括约肌协同失调.结论:膀胱逼尿肌无力和膀胱逼尿肌-尿道外括约肌协同失调是造成下尿路非机械性排尿困难的重要原因,术前行尿动力学检查对手术效果的评估具有重要意义.     

排尿期尿道测压的临床应用

目的：确定下尿路梗阻及其梗阻部位。方法：对４１例有下尿路梗阻症状患者进行了排尿期尿道测压（ＭＵＰＰ）,其中包括前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）２９例,男性尿道狭窄３例,逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调３例,女性压力性尿失禁４例,女性尿道末端缩窄综合征１例,前例腺炎１例。结果：２９例ＢＰＨ患者中,２６例有梗阻,其中梗阻位于膀胱颈部２０例;３例逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调患者表现为外括约肌部压力下降;４例女性压力性尿失禁患     

245例前列腺增生患者尿流动力学的结果分析

本文采用自制半卧位尿动力测定床及Ｄａｎｅｃ尿动力仪器，常规行尿流率，压力－流率（同步测定尿道外括约肌肌电图），尿道测压。结果明确诊断ＢＯＯ１６１例，可疑５０例，合并逼尿肌功能受损６５例；膀胱顺应性降低７０例，外括约肌功能失调１１４例；逼尿肌不稳定５９例。最大尿流率受测压导管影响；功能尿道长度与经直肠Ｂ超测定的前列腺尿道长度相关联。结论：１、ＢＰＨ的排尿症状的机械因素与动力学因素共同作用的结果；尿动力学检查是诊断由ＢＰＨ所致ＢＯＯ的一个非常重要的手段，但分析结果时应考虑干扰因素的影响。２、功能性尿道长度与前列腺部尿道长度相关联。     

前列腺增生症患者的尿动力学诊断价值评估

目的　评估尿流动力学检查在前列腺增生症患者所致的下尿路症候群中的诊断价值。方法　采用自制半卧位床 ,常规行尿流率、压力 流率测定及尿道测压 ,并同步测定尿道外括约肌肌电图及残余尿量 ;并记录膀胱逼尿肌受损情况、膀胱顺应性和尿道外括约肌协调情况。联合应用A G图、P Q图及DS诊断BOO(膀胱出口梗阻 ) ,结果进行统计处理。结果　本组患者 338例 ,312例诊断为BOO ,71例可疑 ,5例无BOO。其中伴膀胱低顺应性 12 3例 ,膀胱逼尿肌功能受损 10 8例 ,尿道外括约肌功能失调 15 7例 ,不稳定膀胱 134例。随着BOO程度加重 ,Pdet Qmax、Popen、DS、IPSS积分及前列腺体积呈升高趋势 ,膀胱顺应性、Qmax呈下降趋势。结论　前列腺增生症患者排尿障碍的机制是排尿过程中机械因素和动力学因素共同作用的结果 ,尿流动力学检查在其诊断评估中扮演着一个极其重要的角色。BOO程度与Pdet Qmax、Popen、DS、IPSS积分及前列腺体积呈正相关 ,与膀胱顺应性、Qmax呈负相关     

老年女性排尿困难的尿动力学分析

目的：研究以排尿困难为主诉的老年女性患者的尿动力学变化及其临床意义。方法：女性患者．年龄60～89岁，临床表现为排尿费力，采用尿动力学方法检查尿流率、同步膀胱压力容积流率及肛门括约肌肌电图测定，部分患者同步透视下行影像尿动力学检查。结果：神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍占27．3％．逼尿肌收缩力低下占34．1％，膀胱颈梗阻为4．5％．尿道远端狭窄13．6％．不稳定膀胱6．8％，非神经原性逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调占4．5％，感觉性尿急2．3％，正常6．8％。结论：尿动力学检查能了解膀胱的功能状况和膀胱出口梗阻的部位．为临床治疗提供了可靠的依据。     

尿流动力学在女性尿道综合征诊治中的应用

探讨尿流动力学在女性尿道 诊治中的作用。方法：采用Ｍｅｎｕｅｔ尿流测定仪对２０例女性尿道综合征患者进行尿流动力学检查,并根据检查结果进行分型及相关治疗。结果：不稳定性膀胱６例（３０％）,逼尿肌无力４例（２０％）,远端尿道缩窄１２例（６０％）,膀胱颈梗阻２例（１０％）,低顺应性膀胱１例（５％）,逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调１例（５％）其中不稳定性膀胱并发远端尿道缩窄４例（２０％）,不稳定性膀胱并发逼肌无     

Pseudodyssynergia (Contraction of the External Sphincter During Voiding) Misdiagnosed as Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis and the Role of Biofeedback as a Therapeutic Option

Purpose

Chronic lower urinary tract symptoms in young men are often attributed to misdiagnosed chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. We analyzed contraction of the external urinary sphincter during voiding (pseudodyssynergia) as an etiology of voiding dysfunction in men with misdiagnosed chronic prostatitis.

Materials and Methods

The video urodynamic studies of 43 men 23 to 50 years old with chronic voiding dysfunction secondary to pseudodyssynergia performed between January 1990 and June 1996 were retrospectively analyzed. Pseudodyssynergia was diagnosed based on several criteria, including electrical activity of the external sphincter during voiding in the absence of abdominal straining, and brief and intermittent closing of the membranous urethra during voiding detected by electromyography and fluoroscopy. Patients with bacterial infection or excessive leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretions were excluded from the study.

Results

Of the patients 39 (91%) were firstborn men. Duration of symptoms ranged from 17 to 146 months (mean 43.6). Average number of previous antibiotic days ranged from 53 to 186 (mean 67.6). In addition, empirical trials of alpha-blockers were unsuccessful. Mean American Urological Association symptom score plus or minus standard deviation was 17.5 +/- 3.7, mean maximum flow rate was 13.3 +/- 4.2 ml. per second, mean detrusor pressure at maximum flow was 46.3 +/- 13.7 cm. water and mean detrusor contraction duration was 132.8 +/- 27.7 seconds. Behavior modification and biofeedback were successful in decreasing symptoms in 35 patients (83%) at 6 months.

Conclusions

These results indicate that some men who are categorized as having and empirically treated for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis are misdiagnosed and, in fact, have functional bladder outlet obstruction. Urodynamics are helpful in diagnosing and predicting success with behavior modification and biofeedback in these patients.     

Clinical evaluation of isometric detrusor pressure in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]

The subjects chosen for this investigation were 88 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who proved not to have neurogenic bladder and 6 male volunteers without lower urinary tract disorders. In addition to the conventional preoperative urodynamic studies, isometric detrusor pressure was measured by the technique with balloon occlusion at the bladder neck. Although all 88 patients had undergone either transurethral resection of the prostate or subcapsular prostatectomy and routine postoperative examinations revealed sufficient canal formation in the prostatic urethra, in 23 patients (26.1%) a significant amount of residual urine was still observed and/or maximum urinary flow rate was considerably low. A retrospective analysis of the data from this study suggested that maximum isometric detrusor pressure is a useful parameter for the prediction whether or not micturition is improved after the removal of organic lower urinary tract obstruction, especially in cases with low detrusor pressure during urination. Furthermore, measurement of the maximum isometric detrusor pressure might be helpful in making the diagnosis of the clinical stage of benign prostatic hyperplasia, since several different stages could be defined by the value of maximum detrusor pressure during urination and maximum isometric detrusor pressure.     

The relationship of detrusor instability and symptoms with objective parameters used for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction: a prospective study

PURPOSE: Detrusor instability is a common urodynamic finding in patients with prostatic obstruction. In prospective fashion we evaluated detrusor instability in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms attributable to benign prostatic hyperplasia and determined its possible association with the degree of obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 459 men with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of 60.4 +/- 9.4 years who were investigated for lower urinary tract symptoms at our facility answered an Arabic standardized version of International Prostate Symptom Score and underwent simple uroflowmetry, outpatient cystoscopy and transrectal ultrasound. Invasive urodynamics, including filling and voiding cystometry, was done with pressure flow analysis according to the Sch?fer nomogram. Statistical significance was tested by the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. RESULTS: Of the 459 patients 108 (23.5%) had detrusor instability. Instability significantly affected patient symptom score and conception of quality of life. Moreover, instability significantly affected the degree of obstruction, as measured by the maximum flow rate, post-void residual urine, prostate volume and Sch?fer grade of obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Detrusor instability affects patient symptoms and quality of life. It also signifies a more severe degree of obstruction in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.     

尿动力学检查在下尿路症状患者诊断中的价值（附324例报告）

目的：评价尿动力学在下尿路症状（LUTS）患者病因诊断中的重要价值。方法：对324例不同年龄的LUTS患者行尿流率、压力容积、压力-流率、前列腺压和肌电图检查,根据检查结果,行相应的临床治疗措施,比较治疗前后IPSS、QOL的变化。结果：根据尿动力学结果提示LUTS病因有5种,膀胱出口梗阻55．9％、逼尿肌受损、逼尿肌-括约肌失协调、不稳定膀胱、膀胱容量减少。制定相应治疗方案,取得良好临床效果。结论：尿动力学检查揭示LUTS的深层次病因,在LUTS患者的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗方式的选择上具有重要的意义,值得临床推广应用。     

前列腺增生伴逼尿肌无力患者电切术治疗后的临床分析

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生（BPH）膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）致膀胱逼尿肌收缩功能无力（DU）患者的临床诊断及治疗方式.方法 2006年1月至2010年12月经治的60例BPH老年患者,均行经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）.根据逼尿肌收缩压力（Pdet）分为4组：A组逼尿肌正常组（Pdet＞ 40 cm H2O）,B组逼尿肌无力组（Pdet＜40 cm H2O）,再将B组细分为：B1组（轻度逼尿肌无力组）（20 cm H2O ＜Pdet＜40 cm H2O）及B2组（重度逼尿肌无力组）（Pdet＜20 cm H2O）,分别对其术后的排尿症状进行了2～6年的随访.结果 统计学比较术后A、B组间及B1、B2组间的生活质量评分（QOL）、排尿梗阻症状及刺激症状,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 BPH患者BOO解除后,逼尿肌功能状态可能并不影响下尿路症状（LUTs）的改善.因此对BPH合并DU的患者进行必要的沟通后行手术治疗解除梗阻,可改善患者生活质量.     

Pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms in aged men without bladder outlet obstruction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aged men without bladder outlet obstruction in a videourodynamic study. METHODS: In a videourodynamic study of 324 consecutive men with moderate to severe LUTS suggestive for bladder outlet obstruction, 112 were found to be urodynamically nonobstructed. International prostatic symptom score (IPSS), uroflowmetry and transrectal sonography of the prostate were assessed before videourodynamic study. The pressure flow expression and the obstructive parameters were compared between the 212 obstructed and 112 nonobstructed men. RESULTS: Of the 112 nonobstructed men investigated, 25 had a normal bladder and urethral trace (22.3%), 5 had detrusor instability (4.5%), 17 had a hypersensitive bladder and a normal urethra (15.2%), 3 had detrusor underactivity and a normal urethra (2.7%), while 61 were found to have a poorly relaxed external sphincter and low detrusor contractility (54.5%). Most of the patients in the normal and hypersensitive groups had normal voiding pressure and high flow (NPHF) tracings, whereas men with detrusor underactivity or a poorly relaxed external sphincter had normal voiding pressure and low flow (NPLF) tracings. Only the maximal flow rate and voided volume were significantly higher in patients with NPHF than in patients with NPLF tracings. However, both groups showed a significantly lower IPSS, less residual urine, and a smaller transition zone index than the obstructive group. After medical treatment, 78 patients (69.6%) had satisfactorily improved, 31 patients (27.6%) remained stationary, while 3 (2.7%) worsened. CONCLUSION: Nonobstructed men with LUTS have various pathophysiologies other than benign prostatic obstruction. In this study 54.5% of these patients had poorly relaxed external sphincter on videourodynamic study. Identification of the underlying pathology can not only prevent unnecessary prostate surgery but can also enable proper medical treatment to be selected.