Indications, techniques, results, limits, and complications of laser in situ keratomileusis

In this article we describe the state of the art of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) through a presentation of the principles, the advantages, the disadvantages, the indications, the techniques, and the main complications. LASIK, as it is known today, involves the creation of a corneal flap using a keratome; this is followed by the in situ photoablation of the exposed stromal bed with an excimer laser. The flap thickness is about 160 mm with a circumference of about 300 degrees, the idea being to leave a portion of tissue attached, thus creating a corneal hinge. The in situ stromal bed exposed by the lamellar cut is then photoablated and the flap is repositioned without sutures. Functional recovery and anatomical healing are rapid. The operation is painless, and it is performed under topical anesthesia in an outpatient environment.     

Postoperative Endophthalmitis: A Review of Risk Factors,Prophylaxis, Incidence,Microbiology, Treatment,and Outcomes

ABSTRACT

Postoperative endophthalmitis is one of the most feared complications of intraocular surgery. The most common types of intraocular surgeries performed worldwide are cataract extraction, glaucoma drainage implants/trabeculectomy, and pars plana vitrectomy. This review will focus on the clinical features, risk factors, prophylaxis, and treatment of endophthalmitis in these three main intraocular surgeries.     

Comparison of the postoperative intraocular pressure with Betagan, Betoptic, Timoptic, Iopidine, Diamox, Pilopine Gel, and Miostat.

A randomized, masked study measuring postoperative intraocular pressure at 4, 8, and 24 hours, two to seven days, and one month after planned extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation was conducted. Seven commonly used ocular hypotensive agents and a control, given at the completion of surgery, were compared: timolol maleate (Timoptic), levobunolol hydrochloride (Betagan), betaxolol hydrochloride (Betoptic), pilocarpine hydrochloride (Pilopine Gel), carbachol (Miostat), apraclonidine hydrochloride (Iopidine), acetazolamide (Diamox). There were significant differences between agents. Miostat was the most effective in controlling postoperative IOP, followed by Timoptic. Diamox, Pilopine Gel, and Betagan were equally effective. Betoptic was somewhat less effective and Iopidine was not significantly better than the control.     

Epidemiology of myopia, astigmatism, anisometropia

Elements of epidemiology concerning myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia are still uncertain. Meanwhile, a certain number of means concerning the evolution presence and the importance of these ametropias can be proposed.