萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜切除技术探讨

目的:探讨萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜切除术的临床应用价值。方法:25例患者根据术中胆囊三角的疤痕化程度,采用常规腹腔镜胆囊切除或胆囊横断法(缝合、明胶海绵+生物蛋白胶填塞闭合胆囊管)两种手术方法。结果:无中转开腹,常规法切除19例,横断法切除6例,两种方法平均手术时间分别为51m in、92m in,平均术后住院2.8d、5.7d,未出现并发症。结论:采用适当的手术技术可安全地完成萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜切除术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中处理冰冻样三角的手术技巧

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中"冰冻样"Calot三角的处理经验。方法:回顾分析我院为21例患者根据其术中胆囊三角疤痕化程度,分离三角结构后行胆囊大部切除或全切除术的临床资料。结果:行腹腔镜胆囊切除术5例,腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术16例,无中转开腹。平均手术时间87min,术中平均出血160ml,术后平均住院5.2d。仅1例术后发生胆漏,3d后自愈。结论:采用适当的手术技巧,可为Calot三角"冰冻样"改变的患者安全完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术。     

经脐腹腔镜胆囊切除术的技术难点及对策

目的:探讨经脐腹腔镜胆囊切除术的技术难点及对策。方法:经脐下缘、脐左上缘及脐右上缘分别置入10mm30°腹腔镜及稍加改进的普通腹腔镜手术器械,完成胆囊切除术50例,其中胆囊切除术47例,胆囊部分切除术2例,胆囊切除联合肝囊肿开窗术1例。腹腔镜下丝线双重结扎胆囊管46例,缝扎2例,圈套器结扎2例。丝线结扎、切断胆囊动脉41例,超声刀切断8例,缝扎1例。放置肝下负压球引流管12例。结果:所有手术均获成功,无中转常规腹腔镜手术或开腹手术。术中无不可控制的出血,术后无出血、胆漏、感染等并发症发生。手术时间20~250m in,平均65m in,术中出血0~120m l,平均10m l。结论:"一个中心,两个操作点"是腹腔镜与操作器械间较合理的立体关系。经脐腹腔镜胆囊切除术的技术重点是胆囊管和胆囊动脉的处理。掌握经脐腹腔镜结扎缝合技术可适当扩大手术适应证。     

腹腔镜巨大子宫肌瘤切除术147例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜巨大子宫肌瘤切除的可行性及临床应用价值。方法:对147例子宫超过12孕周的患者行腹腔镜手术,针对不同情况采用不同手术方式。结果:147例患者均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无术中、术后并发症发生。手术时间(103.7±65.7)m in,术中出血量(136±43)m l。术后平均住院时间6.2d。结论:腹腔镜巨大子宫肌瘤切除术是安全可行的,但应具备丰富的腹腔镜手术经验及镜下缝合技术。     

腹腔镜肝切除术的临床分析(附5例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝切除术的可行性。方法:2004年11月~2006年1月我院行完全腹腔镜肝切除5例,其中转移性肝癌2例,肝血管瘤3例。肝功能Ch ild分级A级。结果:5例均在腹腔镜下完成肝局部切除术。手术时间45~280m in,平均143m in。出血量50~800m l,平均402m l。输血量0~600m l,平均175m l。术后恢复顺利,术后住院时间2~9d,平均5.6d。结论:腹腔镜肝切除术安全可行,不仅适于肝良性肿瘤,也为肝脏恶性肿瘤提供了切除肿瘤的新途径。     

腹腔镜巨脾切除术12例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜巨脾切除术的安全性及临床效果。方法:回顾分析12例腹腔镜巨脾切除术的临床资料。结果:12例中1例中转开腹,11例成功完成腹腔镜巨脾切除术,手术时间150~200m in(平均160m in),术中失血20~200m l(平均120m l),术后胃肠蠕动恢复时间12~24h,术后平均住院5.5d,无手术死亡病例,发生并发症3例,1例术后皮下气肿,1例术中降结肠损伤,1例术后门静脉血栓形成。结论:腹腔镜巨脾切除术安全可行,但必须具有良好的腹腔镜技术和开腹脾切除经验。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用(附40例报告)

目的:探讨经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析40例胆囊结石及胆囊息肉样病变患者行经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:手术时间30~60m in,平均42m in;术中出血10~15m l,平均11m l。无并发症发生。术后随访1~3个月,患者均无腹痛、发热及黄疸。脐部瘢痕隐蔽、不明显。结论:经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊良性疾病安全有效,且更具微创性,美容效果更佳。     

腹腔镜在胃癌根治术中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术的可行性和效果。方法:分析腹腔镜胃癌根治术16例患者的临床资料,其中全胃切除术4例,近端胃大部切除术3例,远端胃大部切除术9例。结果:16例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术。手术平均时间:全胃切除术380m in(350~410m in),近端胃大部切除术236m in(210~259m in),远端胃大部切除术273m in(250~310m in)。术中平均出血量:全胃切除术500m l(400~600m l),近端胃大部切除术120m l(50~170m l),远端胃大部切除术140m l(70~200m l)。术后患者平均胃肠功能恢复时间为3.2d(2~4d),下床活动时间为3.3d(3~4d),开始进流质时间3.9d(3~5d),术后近期恢复良好。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治手术安全、可行,能够达到与开腹手术相当的根治效果。     

腹腔镜肾切除术中钛夹处理肾蒂的体会

目的:介绍腹腔镜肾切除术中单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂的术式与经验。方法:腹腔镜肾切除术7例,其中肾积水无功能肾6例,肾结核1例。经腹腔镜操作,分离出输尿管显露肾蒂,肾动脉、肾静脉钛夹夹闭后切断,单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂切除肾脏。结果:手术均获成功,术中和术后无肾血管出血发生。手术时间130~220m in,平均150m in;术中出血80~150m l,平均120m l;术后住院时间5~7d。结论:腹腔镜肾切除术中单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂,效果确切,经济可行。     

后腹腔镜技术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的体会

目的:总结经腹膜后腹腔镜囊肿去顶术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的经验,讨论手术适应证和手术要点。方法:采用经腹膜后腹腔镜囊肿去顶术治疗肾盂旁囊肿7例。结果:7例手术均获成功。术后无并发症。手术时间30~120m in,平均65m in;术中出血30~80m l,平均55m l;术后住院5~8d,平均6.5d。结论:后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂旁囊肿可望成为治疗肾盂旁囊肿的首选方法。     

老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗老年患者胆囊疾病的可行性及手术方法。方法：回顾分析2005年6月至2007年11月我院38例老年胆囊疾病患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的临床资料。结果：38例手术均获成功,手术时间35~110min,平均50min,术后住院4~12d,平均7.6d。术后发生胆漏3例,均经引流自愈,未发生其他严重并发症。结论：老年患者行LC手术难度大,风险高,手术关键是把握手术时机,并具备高水平的腹腔镜手术技巧,加强围手术期的处理。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术经验

目的 研究经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床可行性及安全性.方法 总结2009年2月至2010年12月、82例胆囊疾病患者实施经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验,并分析手术中碰到的一些疑难问题和应对策略.结果 82例患者中,9例患者由于胆囊周围炎症、胆囊三角解剖困难及胆囊动脉结构变异等原因改行其他术式,其中6例改行二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,3例中转常规开放性手术;其余73例手术均顺利完成单孔手术,成功率89.0%.手术时间平均48.4 min,手术出血平均20.8 ml.术后次日恢复流质饮食,住院3～6 d.术后平均随访13.7个月,均无胆管损伤、大出血、切口感染、胆漏、脐疝等并发症发生,术后复查切口愈合良好,瘢痕极隐蔽而不易察觉.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除是安全可行的,技术上的难点容易突破.

Abstract：

Objective To study the feasibility and safety of transumbilical single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Eighty-two cases with gallbladder diseases were underwent with transumbilical single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Some difficulties and countermeasure in operations were analyzed. Results Nine in all patients were converted because of the surrounding inflammation of gallbladder, difficult to dissect in Calot's triangulation and variation of gallbladder artery. Of them, 6 cases converted to two-hole laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 3 cases to open operation. Other 73 cases were successfully operated with transumbilical single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The success rate was 89. 0%. The average operative duration was 48.4 min. The average operative blood loss was 20. 8 ml. Patients returned to liquid food on the first day after operation. Hospital duration was 3～6 d. During 13.7 months of follow-up, there was no bile duct injury, large bleeding, incision infection, bile fistula and umbilical hernia. The incision healed well. The scar in umbilicus was concealing and difficult to be observed. Conclusions Transumbilical single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible. The difficulties in technique are easy to be broken through.     

贴壶腹钝性分离法在冰冻Calot三角腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨贴壶腹钝性分离法在冰冻Calot三角腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic choelcystectomy,LC)中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2006年4月至2012年4月应用贴壶腹钝性分离法为136例冰冻Calot三角患者行LC的临床资料。结果:126例成功完成LC,手术时间40～95 min,平均52.1 min;术后腹腔引流管引流出淡红色或淡黄色渗液,引流量30～120 ml/d,平均62 ml/d;引流管拔除时间1～4 d,平均2 d;术后下床活动、进食时间与普通LC相同,均为术后第1天;术后住院4～7 d,平均5 d;全组未发生肝外胆管损伤及手术死亡,3例(2.20%)术后轻微胆漏经保守处理治愈。2例(1.47%)意外胆囊癌、3例(2.20%)术后胆囊管残留结石患者再次行开腹手术;5例(3.68%)因结石嵌顿剥破胆囊管而中转开腹。结论:LC术中遇Calot三角解剖不清(冰冻Calot三角)时应用贴壶腹钝性分离法可预防胆管损伤、减少中转开腹,扩大了LC的手术适应证,值得有经验的术者推广应用。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床推广探讨

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术（TUSPLC）的适应证及推广价值。方法回顾性分析2010年5～12月确诊为无严重胆囊炎症的胆囊息肉或胆囊结石56例患者的临床资料,随机分为两组,一组行TUSPLC（TUSPLC组）,另一组四孔法行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC组）,其中TUSPLC组26例,LC组30例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛、术后住院时间及术后并发症发生率。结果 TUSPLC组23例顺利完成手术,3例中转行LC。LC组均顺利完成手术。TUSPLC组与LC组手术时间分别为（52.45±10.84）min和（39.29±8.61）min（t=5.0601,P=0.0000）;术中出血量分别为（19.32±5.69）ml和（22.17±6.27）ml（t=1.7703,P=0.0823）;术后需镇痛分别为1例和6例;术后住院时间分别为（2.27±1.37）d和（3.57±1.16）d（t=0.7396,P=0.4628）;两组术后均无出血、胆漏、胆管损伤等并发症发生。结论 TUSPLC与常规LC相比安全、可行,具有疤痕不明显且隐蔽、术后疼痛轻、恢复快等优点,在胆囊切除中占有一席之地。但对术者技术和设备要求较高。     

糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗糖尿病患者胆囊疾病的可行性及手术方法。方法:回顾分析2005年8月至2008年12月为108例糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料。结果:106例手术获得成功,2例中转开腹,手术时间35～90min,平均60min,术后住院4～7d,平均5.5d。术后无严重并发症发生。结论:糖尿病患者行LC的关键是对解剖结构的掌握。     

Is concomitant cholecystectomy necessary in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery?

Background  Morbid obesity is associated with a high prevalence of cholecystopathy, and there is an increased risk of cholelithiasis during rapid weight loss following gastric bypass. In the era of open gastric bypass prophylactic cholecystectomy was advocated. However, routine cholecystectomy at laparoscopic gastric bypass is controversial. Methods  We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) from February 2000 to August 2006. All had routine preoperative biliary ultrasonography. Concomitant cholecystectomy at LRYGB was planned in patients with proven cholelithiasis and/or gallbladder polyp ≥1 cm diameter. Results  1711 LRYGBs were performed. Forty-two patients (2.5%) had a previous cholecystectomy and were excluded from further analysis. Two hundred and five patients (12%) had gallbladder pathology: cholelithiasis in 190 (93%), sludge in 14 (6.8%), and a 2 cm polyp in 1 (0.5%). One hundred and twenty-three patients with cholelithiasis (65%) had a concomitant cholecystectomy at LRYGB, while 68 (35.7%) did not. Of these, 123 (99%) were completed laparoscopically. Concomitant cholecystectomy added a mean operative time of 18 min (range 15–23 min). One patient developed an accessory biliary radicle leak requiring diagnostic laparoscopic transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (LTG-ERCP). Of the 68 patients with cholelithiasis who did not undergo cholecystectomy 12 (17.6%) required subsequent cholecystectomy. A further 4 patients with preoperative gallbladder sludge required cholecystectomy. All procedures were completed laparoscopically. One patient required laparoscopic choledochotomy and common bile duct exploration (CBDE) with stone retrieval. Eighty-eight patients (6%) with absence of preoperative gallbladder pathology developed symptomatic cholelithiasis after LRYGB; 69 (78.4%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy; 3 presented with gallstone pancreatitis and 2 with obstructive jaundice, requiring laparoscopic transcystic CBDE in 4 and LTG-ERCP in one. Conclusion  In our experience, concomitant cholecystectomy at LRYGB for ultrasonography-confirmed gallbladder pathology is feasible and safe. It reduces the potential for future gallbladder-related morbidity, and the need for further surgery. Competing Interests Declared: None     

三孔法腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术的临床应用

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术的应用价值、适应证、手术技巧及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2010年10月至2013年6月96例胆囊结石患者的临床资料,均行三孔法腹腔镜联合胆道镜完全腹腔内微创保胆取石术。结果:96例手术均获成功,无一例中转腹腔镜胆囊切除术或腹腔外微创保胆取石术。术中出血量5~10 ml,平均(6.0±1.1)ml;手术时间98~225 min,平均(121.8±13.2)min。术后无残留结石、出血、胆漏、腹腔感染、胆总管继发结石等并发症发生。术后住院4~7d,平均(4.5±0.6)d,术后1周复查B超,无结石残留。出院后口服熊去氧胆酸、消炎利胆片3~6个月。95例患者随访4~24个月,未见结石复发,无明显消化道症状,术后3个月复查B超提示胆囊收缩功能良好。结论:三孔法腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术安全、有效,具有患者创伤小、康复快、并发症少、手术成功率高等优点,是微创保胆取石术的理想手术方法,值得推广应用。其关键是把握适应证,术后预防性用药,同时术者需熟练掌握胆道镜技术及腹腔镜下切开、缝合、打结技术。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术治疗胆总管结石的可行性。方法60例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）、胆总管切开取石T管引流术。结果60例手术均获成功,无中转开腹手术。手术时间90～180min,平均110min;术中出血量10～50ml,平均20ml。2例术后胆漏,保守治愈;6例胆道残余结石术后胆道镜取净。53例（随访率88．3％）随访2～33个月,平均13．2月,均无腹痛,发热,黄疸发作。结论LC、胆总管探查术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石技术可行。