紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL温敏性缓释凝胶的制备及性能研究

目的 利用聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯(PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250)两亲性聚合物温敏凝胶作为载体材料,构建疏水性抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇的载药体系.方法 以辛酸亚锡为催化剂、聚乙二醇为引发剂,引发己内酯单体开环聚合,合成PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250三嵌段共聚物.通过核磁共振氢谱及凝胶渗透色谱对其组成、结构及分子量进行表征:制备不同凝胶浓度及初始载药量的载药温敏凝胶,并对其相转变性能、体外药物释放行为以及体内的生物降解性能进行考察.结果 核磁共振及凝胶渗透色谱测定结果表明:合成的共聚物组成与初始投料比一致,符合设计的PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250嵌段聚合物结构;该凝胶在15%～30%浓度区间内,具备温敏性溶胶-凝胶相转变能力;该温敏凝胶对紫杉醇具有可控的药物缓释能力,通过改变凝胶浓度及初始载药量可调节药物释放速率和维持释放的时间.小鼠背部皮下注射PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250溶胶后在体内迅速原位凝胶化,凝胶随植入时间逐渐降解至45 d时基本降解完全.结论 PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250温敏凝胶作为紫杉醇载药体系具有良好的药物控释能力和体内生物降解性能.     

紫杉醇PCL—PEG—PCL温敏性缓释凝胶的制备及性能研究

目的利用聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯（PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250）两亲性聚合物温敏凝胶作为载体材料,构建疏水性抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇的载药体系。方法以辛酸亚锡为催化剂、聚乙二醇为引发剂,引发己内酯单体开环聚合,合成PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250三嵌段共聚物。通过核磁共振氢谱及凝胶渗透色谱对其组成、结构及分子量进行表征;制备不同凝胶浓度及初始载药量的载药温敏凝胶,并对其相转变性能、体外药物释放行为以及体内的生物降解性能进行考察。结果核磁共振及凝胶渗透色谱测定结果表明：合成的共聚物组成与初始投料比一致,符合设计的PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250嵌段聚合物结构;该凝胶在15％～30％浓度区间内,具备温敏性溶胶-凝胶相转变能力;该温敏凝胶对紫杉醇具有可控的药物缓释能力,通过改变凝胶浓度及初始载药量可凋节药物释放速率和维持释放的时间。小鼠背部皮下注射PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250溶胶后在体内迅速原位凝胶化,凝胶随植入时间逐渐降解至45d时基本降解完全。结论PCL1250-PEG1500-PCL1250温敏凝胶作为紫杉醇载药体系具有良好的药物控释能力和体内生物降解性能。     

一种可生物降解温度敏感型聚乙二醇-聚己内酯-聚乙二醇水凝胶的合成和表征

合成了一系列分子量较低的聚乙二醇．聚己内酯-聚乙二醇（Poly（ethylene glycol）-Polycaprolactone-Poly（ethylene glycol），PEG-PCL—PEG）三嵌段共聚物。分别采用FTIR和1H—NMR对其结构进行了表征。所合成的PEG-PCL-PEG共聚物具有良好的水溶性，当水溶液浓度高于临界凝胶浓度（Critical gel concentration，CGC）时，随着温度的变化聚合物水溶液会呈现特有的凝胶-溶胶转变。研究了共聚物亲水疏水链段的比例和长度，以及热历史等对凝胶-溶胶转变行为的影响。通过调节上述条件，可以在一定程度上拓宽凝胶-溶胶转变温度范围，有助于PEG—PCL-PEG水凝胶在可注射药物控制释放系统等方面的应用。     

紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡的制备和体外释放研究

目的 以聚己内酯-b-聚乙二醇-6-聚己内酯（PCEP）两亲性三嵌段共聚物为载体研制紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡.方法 以不同分子量的聚乙二醇（PEG）引发合成不同亲水段、疏水段链长的PCEP并进行FT-IR、1H NMR和GPC表征,以合成的嵌段聚合物PCEP为载体,通过薄膜-超声分散法制备紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征其形态和构造,用粒度分析仪测定其粒径及分布,用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定其载药量及包封率,用透析袋法研究药物体外释放;同时,研究不同亲水链长、疏水链长对紫杉醇聚合物囊泡载药量、包封率、粒径及体外释放紫杉醇药物的影响.结果 研制的紫杉醇聚合物囊泡呈核-壳结构球形,粒径为纳米级,随着PCEP共聚物相对分子质量的增加而增大;紫杉醇聚合物囊泡体外释放无突释现象,能稳定缓慢释放紫杉醇,且释放速率随共聚物中亲水段PEG含量增加而增大,随疏水段PCL含量增大而减小.结论 以PCEP两亲性三嵌段共聚物为载体制备的紫杉醇聚合物纳米囊泡,其粒径小且分布均匀,包封率较高,有望成为一种用于提高紫杉醇的药效且降低不良反应的新的紫杉醇缓控释剂型.     

载紫杉醇聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯胶束的制备及药代动力学研究

目的制备新型可注射用载紫杉醇聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯(PCL-PEG-PCL)胶束,并评价和比较其与市售紫杉醇注射液在大鼠体内的药代动力学性质。方法以PCL-PEG-PCL为载体材料,通过薄膜-水化-超声法制备出载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束,并对其进行表征。以市售紫杉醇注射液为对照,采用SD大鼠尾静脉注射后观察载紫杉醇PCLPEG-PCL胶束的体内药代动力学,并用DAS 2.0药代动力学数据软件计算相关参数。结果载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束呈大小均匀的球形,具有明显的核壳结构;平均粒径为93 nm,多分散系数为0.19;载药量为28.98%,药物包封率为94.36%。体外释放研究表明,载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束具有缓释效果。药代动力学研究表明,两种制剂均符合二房室模型,市售紫杉醇注射液和紫杉醇聚合物胶束消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为(1.96±0.27)h和(12.65±1.77)h,平均滞留时间(MRT)分别为(0.93±0.19)h和(11.18±1.41)h,体内总清除率(CL)分别为(0.44±0.05)L·kg/h和(0.10±0.01)L·kg/h,药-时曲线下面积(AUC0-∞)分别为(17.15±2.35)mg·h/L和(73.82±10.38)mg·h/L。结论成功制备了新型可注射用载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束,药代动力学研究表明,所研制的载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束明显延长紫杉醇在血液中的循环时间及消除半衰期,显著提高生物利用度,是一种有潜力的紫杉醇缓控释新剂型。     

载紫杉醇聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯胶束的制备及药代动力学研究简

目的制备新型可注射用载紫杉醇聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯（PCl-PEG-PCL）胶束,并评价和比较其与市售紫杉醇注射液在大鼠体内的药代动力学性质。方法以PCL-PEG-PCL为载体材料,通过薄膜-水化-超声法制备出载紫杉醇PCl-PEG-PCL胶束,并对其进行表征。以市售紫杉醇注射液为对照．采用SD大鼠尾静脉注射后观察载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束的体内药代动力学．并用DAS2．0药代动力学数据软件计算相关参数。结果载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束呈大小均匀的球形,具有明显的核壳结构;平均粒径为93nm,多分散系数为0．19;载药量为28．98％,药物包封率为94．36％。体外释放研究表明．载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束具有缓释效果。药代动力学研究表明．两种制剂均符合二房室模型．市售紫杉醇注射液和紫杉醇聚合物胶束消除半衰期（t1/2）分别为（1．96±0．27）h和（12．65±1．77）h,平均滞留时间（MRT）分别为（0．93±0．19）h和（11．18±1．41）h,体内总清除率（CL）分别为（0．44±0．05）L·kg／h和（0．10±0．01）L·kg／h,药-时曲线下面积（AUC0-∞）分别为（17．15±2．35）mg·h／L和（73．82±10．38）mg．h／L。结论成功制备了新型可注射用载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束．药代动力学研究表明．所研制的载紫杉醇PCL-PEG-PCL胶束明显延长紫杉醇在血液中的循环时间及消除半衰期．显著提高生物利用度,是一种有潜力的紫杉醇缓控释新剂型。     

核交联聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚己内酯胶束及紫杉醇的温敏控制释放行为(英文)

背景:高分子纳米胶束是近几年正在发展的一类新型药物载体,其载药范围广、结构稳定、具有优良的组织渗透性,体内滞留时间长,能使药物有效地到达靶点。而使其带有智能靶向性以及减弱其初期爆发释放行为成为了最近研究的热点。目的:得到一种低临界溶液浓度在40℃左右的智能靶向药物载体,可以通过对温度的改变而改变其药物释放行为,并进一步通过核交联改善胶束的稳定性以及其药物释放行为。方法:通过N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAAm)的自由基共聚,合成端羟基聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺)(P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm))。通过调节巯基乙醇和单体的比例,以及NIPAAm和DMAAm的比例,调节P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)的相对分子质量和低临界溶液温度。然后在异辛酸亚锡的催化下,利用P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)端羟基引发己内酯开环聚合,得到端羟基P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PCL两亲性嵌段共聚物。该嵌段共聚物再与丙烯酰氯反应得到末端带有不饱和双键的两亲性嵌段共聚物。用透析法制备具有不同核交联程度的纳米载药胶束,并对其释放行为进行研究。结果与结论:得到了温敏段相对分子质量为3600、PCL段相对分子质量为1600的两亲性嵌段共聚物,其低临界溶液浓度为42℃。采用不同比例端羟基和端羧基P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PCL混合,制备得到具有不同核交联程度的温敏性纳米载药胶束。胶束的药物释放速度在43℃快于37℃,随着核交联程度的增高,紫杉醇的释放速度变慢。结果提示以低临界溶液浓度在40℃左右的温敏性P(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)-b-PCL所制备的胶束,具有一定的温敏控制释放行为,药物释放速度可进一步通过核交联程度来控制。     

紫杉醇聚合物胶束及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 以聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯（PCL-PEG-PCL）为载体材料,制备载紫杉醇聚合物胶束,并评价其对EMT-6乳腺癌的抗肿瘤效果.方法 采用薄膜-超声法制备载紫杉醇聚合物胶束并对其进行表征;采用差示扫描热分析法（DSC）分析紫杉醇在载药聚合物胶束中的分散状态;采用MTT法研究紫杉醇聚合物胶束对EMT-6乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒性;建立荷EMT-6乳腺癌小鼠模型,以市售紫杉醇注射液为对照,研究紫杉醇聚合物胶束的体内抗肿瘤活性.结果 紫杉醇聚合物胶束为表面粗糙的球形,具有明显核壳结构,平均粒径为93nm;DSC研究结果表明,将紫杉醇制成缓释纳米粒后其结晶状态发生了变化,以无定型状态存在于聚合物胶束中;MTT研究表明,在相同紫杉醇含量下,紫杉醇聚合物胶束的细胞毒性低于市售紫杉醇／聚氧乙烯蓖麻油注射剂;体内抗肿瘤活性研究表明,紫杉醇聚合物胶束对小鼠EMT-6乳腺癌具有明显抑制作用,相同给药剂量下其抑瘤效果优于紫杉醇注射剂（肿瘤抑制率：85.79％ vs 63.37％,P＜0.05）.结论 制备的载紫杉醇聚合物胶束高效低毒,是一种有潜力的可用于肿瘤治疗的纳米载药体系.     

脂肪族聚酯类生物材料亲水性改性的研究进展

主要综述了丙交酯、乙交酯或ε-己内酯与亲水性的聚乙二醇、氨基酸、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和聚乙烯醇等亲水性物质进行嵌段或接枝共聚合反应,制备具有亲水性、温敏性或PH敏感性的共聚物.为缓控释药物、组织工程和体内植入器械提供组织相容性好、保持蛋白药物活性、无毒的生物医用材料.     

超声引发抗肿瘤药物定时定量释放

研究超声对于高分子聚合物Pluronic P-105载药缓释系统的影响作用.方法 配制不同浓度的P-105溶液,研究P-105溶胶-凝胶转化点及其影响因素.构建P-105载米托蒽醌水凝胶系统,将水凝胶暴露于不同频率与功率的超声波作用下,一定时间后,用PBS缓冲液冲洗水凝胶,根据缓冲液中米托蒽醌的紫外吸光值计算得出超声引发的药物的释放量.结果 P-105的溶胶-凝胶转化点受P-105的浓度及外界环境温度的影响.在浓度低于26%的区域或较低温度时没有凝胶形成,浓度高于26%或者温度接近人体正常体温(或高于体温)时即为凝胶.P-105载药系统中药物的释放量与超声波的频率与功率有关,释放量随着超声功率增加而增加,随频率增加而降低.结论 超声可以引发高分子聚合物Pluronic P-105载药系统的药物定时定量释放.     

Role of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone on the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAm hydrogel and its release kinetics using dye and vitamin-B12 as model drug

Temperature-sensitive hydrogels hold great promise in biological applications as they can respond to changes in physiological temperature to produce a desired effect like controlled drug delivery. In this study, a series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) thermosensitive hydrogels were synthesized by radical copolymerization of NIPAm with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP). By altering the initial NIPAm/NVP mole ratios, copolymers were synthesized to have their own distinctive lower critical solution temperature which was established using differential scanning calorimetry. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel was analyzed gravimetrically and it was observed that reswelling rate increases with increasing NVP mole ratio. Further characterizations of the hydrogels were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Release kinetics with respect to temperature was studied using methylene blue dye solution and vitamin B12. Kinetic modeling of the release profile revealed that the release mechanism is a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. These results suggested that this material has potential application as intelligent drug carriers. The quantities of residual monomers in the PIV4 hydrogel were determined by HPLC method, and the results show almost complete conversion.     

Extended and sequential delivery of protein from injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels

Thermoresponsive hydrogels are attractive for their injectability and retention in tissue sites where they may serve as a mechanical support and as a scaffold to guide tissue remodeling. Our objective in this report was to develop a thermoresponsive, biodegradable hydrogel system that would be capable of protein release from two distinct reservoirs--one where protein was attached to the hydrogel backbone, and one where protein was loaded into biodegradable microparticles mixed into the network. Thermoresponsive hydrogels consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and biodegradable methacrylate polylactide were synthesized along with modified copolymers incorporating 1 mol % protein-reactive methacryloxy N-hydroxysuccinimide (MANHS), hydrophilic acrylic acid (AAc), or both. In vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) release was studied from hydrogels, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles, or microparticles mixed into the hydrogels. The synthesized copolymers were able to gel below 37°C and release protein in excess of 3 months. The presence of MANHS and AAc in the copolymers was associated with higher loaded protein retention during thermal transition (45% vs. 22%) and faster release (2 months), respectively. Microspheres entrapped in the hydrogel released protein in a delayed fashion relative to microspheres in saline. The combination of a protein-reactive hydrogel mixed with protein-loaded microspheres demonstrated a sequential release of specific BSA populations. Overall the described drug delivery system combines the advantages of injectability, degradability, extended release, and sequential release, which may be useful in tissue engineering applications.     

Fabrication and characterization of a novel composite PNIPAAm hydrogel for controlled drug release

Novel composite poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels, containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PNIPAAm-b-PMMA) micelles for sustained drug delivery were prepared and characterized. Various amounts of thermal sensitive PNIPAAm-b-PMMA micelles were incorporated physically into thermosensitive PNIPAAm bulk hydrogel to form composite PNIPAAm hydrogels. The resultant composite hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for morphological and thermal properties, respectively. The temperature dependence of swelling ratio and response kinetics upon heating or cooling were also investigated to understand the smart properties, that is, temperature-sensitive properties of the composite PNIPAAm hydrogels. These composite PNIPAAm hydrogels exhibited a faster shrinking kinetics than the one of pure PNIPAAm hydrogels. In addition, prednisone acetate, used as model drug, was loaded into the micelles incorporated to the composite PNIPAAm hydrogels. The controlled release behavior of the novel composite PNIPAAm hydrogels at different temperatures (22 and 37 degrees C) was examined.     

Improving delivery of hydrophobic drugs from hydrogels through cyclodextrins

A simple and effective technique of improving delivery of hydrophobic drugs from swellable systems is presented. Conventional methods of drug loading in hydrogel systems are limited by the characteristics of the pharmacological agent. The approach we present uses complexants to modulate drug release. Crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were synthesized, characterized, and used for vascular applications. The release of cyclosporine (CyA) from PEG hydrogels is significantly altered by the sterilization techniques. It was hypothesized that the release of CyA from PEG hydrogels can be modulated by using complexants. A cyclodextrin-CyA complex solution was prepared and used for drug loading. The sterilized PEG hydrogels that were loaded using the cyclodextrin-CyA complex solution had favorable release characteristics compared with the release from PEG hydrogels that were loaded using the conventional technique. Hence, drug release from swellable systems can be tailored by the application of this strategy.     

Fabrication of fast responsive, thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels by using diethyl ether as precipitation agent

An effective strategy was developed and demonstrated to improve the properties of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel by using diethyl ether as a precipitation agent during the polymerization/crosslinking. Results reveal that the modified PNIPAAm hydrogels have the heterogeneous network structures and decreased LCSTs in a comparison with the normal PNIPAAm hydrogel. The modified PNIPAAm hydrogels also exhibit significantly improved sensitive properties, including fast response and stable, rapid, large magnitude oscillatory shrinking-swelling upon temperature cycles around lower critical solution temperature. In addition, fish DNA, used as a model drug, is loaded into the modified PNIPAAm hydrogels, the controlled release behaviors of the drug loaded hydrogels at different temperatures (22 and 37 degrees C) are further examined.     

Controlled release of plasmid DNA from photo-cross-linked pluronic hydrogels

Chemically cross-linked hydrogels composed of Pluronic, water-soluble tri-block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), were synthesized by a photo-polymerization method to achieve controlled DNA release. Pluronic F127 was di-acrylated to form a macromer and cross-linked to form a hydrogel structure in the presence and absence of vinyl group-modified hyaluronic acid (HA). UV irradiation time and the presence of the vinyl group-modified HA affected the mechanical property of Pluronic hydrogels to a great extent. Swelling ratio, degradation, and rheological behaviors of Pluronic hydrogels were investigated. When plasmid DNA was loaded in the hydrogels for sustained delivery, various release profiles were attained by varying UV irradiation time and modified HA amounts. Entrapped DNA was gradually damaged with increasing the UV exposure time as evidenced by decreasing the transfection efficiency. The DNA fractions released from the HA/Pluronic hydrogels, however, exhibited considerable transfection efficiencies commensurate with the UV exposure time, suggesting that they were not chemically degraded during the release period and substantially maintained functional gene expression activities despite the UV irradiation.     

The triblock copolymers hydrogel through intracameral injection may be a new potential ophthalmic drug delivery with antiscaring drugs after glaucoma filtration surgery

The hyperplasia of fiber cell at operation area cause scarring lead to the failure after glaucoma filtration surgery. People are looking for more safe and effective way to advance the success rate in operation. There are many researches demonstrated that ophthalmic drug delivery system can be a treatment. Among this, some biodegradable and thermosensitive triblock copolymers hydrogel are novel candidate for ocular drug release system. But whether they can be used to restrain the hyperplasia of fiber cell through intracameral injection after glaucoma filtration surgery, the research have not been reported. So it suggested a new hypothesis for intracameral injection of the triblock copolymers hydrogel as a new potential in situ sustained ophthalmic drug delivery system with antiscaring formation after glaucoma filtration surgery. Indicating that the new nanomaterials through intracameral injection treating complication of glaucoma filtration surgery is hoped to be a creative and promising ophthalmic drug delivery system in the future.     

Possibility of active targeting to tumor by local hyperthermia with temperature-sensitive nanoparticles

Recently, the concept of drug delivery requires that the release of encapsulated drug be produced only at the diseased site with controllable rates. Given that thermosensitive hydrogels have been widely investigated for controlled delivery based on their phase transition, we speculate that nanoparticles with the novel polymers play a key role in tumor therapy respond to thermal activity. Therefore, we here hypothesize that enhanced delivery of therapeutics might be achieved by conjugation to thermosensitive polymers, in concert with targeted hyperthermia by precisely specifying the phase transition temperature of the thermosensitive polymer. By local hyperthermia at tumor site, a targeted drug delivery system could be obtained, exploiting both the temperature-sensitive and the site-specific behaviors. The proposition may provide a new strategy into the development of a novel drug delivery system for tumor therapy.