不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤的磁共振成像特点

目的:探讨不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤的磁共振成像影像特点.方法:回顾性分析64例不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤在MRI上的信号强度、最大径、其向蝶鞍上下延伸生长的高度,及其有无海绵窦侵犯;同时22例无分泌功能垂体巨腺瘤作为对照组纳入.结果:64例不同激素分泌类型垂体巨腺瘤患者中,生长激素(GH)细胞腺瘤16例,泌乳素(PRL)细胞腺瘤36例,促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)细胞腺瘤5例,多种激素细胞腺瘤7例.T1WI等信号在GH及多种激素细胞腺瘤中最常见;T2WI等、低信号在GH、ACTH及多种激素细胞腺瘤中常见,而T2WI高信号在PRL及无分泌功能细胞腺瘤中常见;GH细胞腺瘤鞍上生长高度明显低于其他几种腺瘤,倾向于向鞍下生长;各类型腺瘤的海绵窦侵犯无明显差异.结论:几种不同激素分泌类型垂体腺瘤中,GH、多种激素细胞腺瘤的MRI信号强度,以及GH细胞腺瘤的生长延伸方向具有一定的特征.     

CT 及 MRI 扫描诊断垂体微腺瘤24例

CT及MRI扫描易于发现较大的垂体瘤 ,而微腺瘤 (microadenoma)只有在冠状位、薄层面扫描才能发现。MRI有多方位成像的优点 ,故对垂体微腺瘤检出率明显提高。 1995～ 2 0 0 2年 ,我院收治经手术、病理证实的垂体微腺瘤 2 4例 ,现将其CT及MRI影像特征回顾性分析 ,以期提高诊断的准确性。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 2 4例中 ,男 4例 ,女 2 0例 ;年龄 16～ 5 1岁 ,平均 34岁。其中泌乳激素腺瘤 2 0例(83 3%) ,生长激素腺瘤 3例 (12 5 %) ,继发性促肾上腺激素 (ACTH)腺瘤 1例 (4 17%)。泌乳激素腺瘤有乳头溢液、闭经 ;生长激素腺瘤…     

匙孔动态增强MRI对45例催乳激素分泌型垂体微腺瘤的诊断

目的:评价匙孔(keyhole)动态MRI对催乳激素(prolactin,PRL)分泌型垂体微腺瘤的诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析45例经手术或临床证实的PRL分泌型垂体微腺瘤的动态增强MRI影像表现,由两位有经验的影像科医师阅片,不告知临床及实验室检查结果的情况下作诊断,垂体内见有粟粒、结节或片块状异常信号者作肯定微腺瘤诊断;垂体内信号不均匀者作可疑微腺瘤诊断;垂体内信号未见异常者不作微腺瘤诊断.结果:无临床及实验室检查参考时,可肯定垂体微腺瘤诊断者18例;可疑垂体微腺瘤诊断者26例;不作垂体微腺瘤诊断者1例.结合临床及实验室检查诊断正确率达97.8%.结论:keyhole动态MR对PRL分泌型垂体微腺瘤有较高的诊断价值,临床和实验室检查怀疑PRL分泌型垂体微腺瘤而MR平扫阴性的患者应常规作动态增强MR检查.     

动态MRI对垂体微腺瘤的诊断价值

目的　评价匙孔动态MR对垂体微腺瘤的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析临床有头痛、闭经、泌乳、过度肥胖或肢端肥大等症状的 53例经手术和临床证实的垂体微腺瘤的MR影像资料 ,由2位有经验的影像科医师在相互隔离、不知道临床及实验室资料的情况下对 53例的动态MRI、MR传统增强及冠状面平扫T1 WI分级 ,并得出一致结果。分级标准为 :0级 :垂体内未见异常信号 ;Ⅰ级 :垂体内信号不均匀 ;Ⅱ级 :垂体内见有粟粒、结节或片块状的异常信号区。将动态MR、MR传统增强及平扫图像分级的结果进行比较。结果　本组动态MR垂体内未见异常信号者 (0级 ) 1例 ,垂体内信号不均匀者 (Ⅰ级 ) 2 9例 ,垂体内见有粟粒、结节或片块状的异常信号区者 (Ⅱ级 ) 2 3例 ;MR传统增强 0级 2 6例 ,Ⅰ级 1 7例 ,Ⅱ级 1 0例 ;MR平扫 0级 39例 ,Ⅰ级 1 0例 ,Ⅱ级 4例。本组动态MR检出率为 98 1 % ;传统增强MR检出率为 51 9% ;MR平扫检出率为 2 6 4%。行×列 χ2 检验 ,P <0 0 0 5。表明动态MR能明显提高微腺瘤显示的级别 ,且差异有非常显著性意义。结论　动态MR能明显提高垂体微腺瘤诊断的可靠性 ,降低MR图像模棱两可的出现率。临床怀疑垂体微腺瘤而MR平扫阴性者 ,动态MR应列为常规检查     

MRI对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤的MRI表现，结合文献评估MR对甲状旁腺腺瘤的定性、定位诊断价值。方法对临床及手术病理证实的5例甲状旁腺腺瘤患者术前均行MR检查，男3例，女2例，年龄21～39岁。所用设备为SIEMENS sonata1．5T超导型磁共振成像系统。结果5例腺瘤均位于甲状腺下极食管-气管隐窝区，4例表现为T1WI稍低信号，T2WI高信号，1例信号不均匀，病理检查示部分坏死。腺瘤边缘清晰，大小1．2cm×1．0cm×1．6cm-2．2cm×3．1cm×4．1cm。结论MRI是诊断甲状旁腺腺瘤的有效影像方法，可以准确显示腺瘤的大小、形态、部位及与周围组织结构的毗邻关系。对甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断和临床治疗方式的选择具有重要意义。     

MRI半剂量动态增强扫描对垂体微腺瘤的诊断分析

目的:探讨MRI半剂量动态增强扫描技术对垂体微腺瘤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术及临床综合诊断明确的29例垂体微腺瘤的MRI平扫及半剂量动态增强扫描资料.结果:29例垂体微腺瘤中,病灶大小小于5mm 18例,5～10mm 11例.平扫16例T1WI可见低信号影;无明显异常信号8例(其中6例病灶直径小于5mm);垂体形态异常5例;而半剂量动态增强扫描均发现病灶,表现为动态早期稍低信号影.结论:半剂量动态增强扫描MR对垂体微腺瘤的诊断有极高的应用价值,尤其是动态增强早期扫描最为敏感.     

18F-FDG和18F-FET PET脑显像诊断垂体腺瘤

目的 比较^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)和^18F-酪氨酸(FET)PET显像对垂体腺瘤的诊断价值。方法 正常对照者7例同期行^18F-FDGPET脑显像和^13N-NH3PET脑血流显像。20例垂体腺瘤患者行^18F-FDG PET脑显像，其中10例同期行^18F-FETPET脑显像，并参照近期MRI结果进行分析。加例患者均行经口鼻蝶窦垂体腺瘤切除术，术后行病理检查及免疫组织化学分型。结果①正常对照组垂体^18F-FDG摄取明显低于周围组织。②对于分泌激素和无分泌功能的垂体腺瘤，^18F-FDGPET和^18F-FETPET均可显示病灶。③垂体腺瘤在^18F-FDG显像中多表现为均匀的放射性摄取增高，而^18F-FET。显像则多表现为散在的摄取增高，与MRI所示等瓦长T2或稍长瓦长T2信号的肿瘤组织分布相似。④7例微腺瘤^18F-FDG PET检出5例，MRI检出3例。⑤不同激素分泌型和无分泌功能垂体腺瘤的瘤体大小、激素水平与^18F-FDG或^18F-FET显像标准摄取值(SUV)间无明显相关。结论 ^18F-FDG和^18F-FET PET脑显像均可显示垂体腺瘤,而以前者更佳。     

淋巴细胞型垂体腺炎:MRI增强表现附5例报道

垂体腺炎是少见的垂体腺感染性病变,确切原因仍不明确,但一些研究者认为可能为一种自身免疫过程。由于它常呈垂体肿块型改变,因而常易误诊为垂体腺瘤。作者回顾性分析了5例垂体腺炎的病例,女4例,男1例;15～40岁。采用MRI冠状面、矢状面及横断面鞍区成像,平扫及静脉注射Gd-DTPA0.1mmol/kg。TR/TE=400～600/12～20ms,层厚2～3mm,连续扫描,像素256×192。4例经手术及活检证实为淋巴细胞型垂体腺炎。3年内随访中3例经MRI增强扫描,第5例则基于临床、内分泌、MRI表现及相应的激素治疗而确诊。作者还复习了128例垂体巨腺瘤病例的MRI表现,并与之比较。     

垂体大腺瘤的MRI影像分析

目的:探讨垂体大腺瘤的MRI影像特征。方法:回顾性分析过去10年经临床病理证实17例垂体大腺瘤的MRI平扫及增强表现。结果:垂体大腺瘤表现为鞍区肿块,T1WI呈等或略低信号,T2WI呈等或略高信号,正常垂体未见显示。海绵窦侵袭性垂体腺瘤3例,2例伴有出血,“腰身”显示6例。结论:MR对垂体大腺瘤有定性诊断价值.术前可有效地观察其形态大小信号及与周围组织关系。     

垂体微腺瘤MRI半剂量动态增强扫描影像学分析

目的：分析25例垂体微腺瘤MRI半剂量动态增强扫描的影像学征象及动态增强信号强度一时间曲线图的特点,总结垂体微腺瘤的影像学诊断要点。方法：对25例经过临床综合诊断确诊的病例．行MRI平扫及半剂量（0．05mmol／kg）动态增强扫描,并利用工作站后处理功能．绘制出动态增强信号强度-时间曲线图。结果：平扫垂体信号异常的20例．主要T1wI呈稍低信号T2wI呈稍高或稍低信号。平扫垂体信号无异常的5例;25例均进行半剂量（0．05mmol／kg）动态增强扫描．动脉早期（25～35s）呈低信号的病例8例,动脉中期（35～76s）呈低信号的病例16例·动脉晚期（76～120s）呈高信号的病例1例。结论：半剂量MRI半剂量动态增强扫描在诊断垂体微腺瘤的敏感性、检出率都好于其它检查,有较高的临床价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.